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Healthcare Finance Exam 1 uiowa When were almshouses, pesthouses, and marine hospitals in place? - correct answer ✔✔19th century What were almshouses? - correct answer ✔✔places for sick people to go who didn't have family to take care of them they were run by municipalities, maintained by local communities What were pesthouses? - correct answer ✔✔places for people with infectious diseases to get care quality of care was marginal maintained by local communities What were marine hospitals? - correct answer ✔✔took care of sailors who didnt have family What was the first example of federal healthcare? - correct answer ✔✔marine hospitals What is EMTALA? - correct answer ✔✔Emergency Medical and Treatment Active Labor Act prohibited hospitals from turning ER patients away if they didn't have money/insurance If someone went to an ER, didnt have insurance/money, and accumulated bad debt, who would pay for their care (because of EMTALA)? - correct answer ✔✔cost would spread to paying patients What is the ACA? - correct answer ✔✔Affordable Care Act Bill aimed at providing insurance to uninsured passed in 2009 Exansion of Medicaid Support innovative Medicare at lower costs What bill is the closest we've come to universal healthcare? - correct answer ✔✔ACA What act doesnt exist, but is part of the ACA? - correct answer ✔✔Public Health Prevention Act public health prevention fund basically What act was passed in 1996? - correct answer ✔✔Mental Health Parity Act What is the Mental Health Parity Act? - correct answer ✔✔Health insurance policies include substance abuse and mental health Does NOT have full coverage What is the Wellstone Act, and when was it passed? - correct answer ✔✔2008 amendment to Mental Health Parity Act to include substance abuse treatment plans What is Medicare? - correct answer ✔✔health insurance for elderly, end stage renal, ALS What does Medicare Part A (hospital services) include? - correct answer ✔✔inpatient care Rehab hospitals Long-term care Hospice Home health services Skilled nursing facilities 90 days inpatient 100 days post-hospital skilled nursing facility Unlimited visits by home health agency What does Medicare Part B (physician services) include? - correct answer ✔✔Physician services and other medical services Outpatient services What was established after 9/11? - correct answer ✔✔Department of Homeland Security What is bioterrorism? - correct answer ✔✔attack on a population deliberately releasing viruses, bacteria, or other germs and agents that will contribute to illness or death in people What does the FDA do? - correct answer ✔✔approves and regulates pharmaceuticals What is the Iron Triangle? - correct answer ✔✔balance of quality, cost, and access this balance is difficult and used in making healthcare policy decisions What are the core public health functions? - correct answer ✔✔assessment assurance policy development What is a valid index for assessing quality of healthcare in a country? What are other indicies? - correct answer ✔✔life span infant/maternal death rate, opioids, diabetes, obesity, asthma, cardiac disease The US ranks ____ in the world for life expectance. - correct answer ✔✔32nd based on the aggregation of a number of factors including life expectancy, infant mortality, maternal mortality, childhood deaths up to age 5, incidence of several chronic illenesses, and access to healthcare servcie Why is life expectancy lower this year than last? - correct answer ✔✔due to number of yound people dying from suicide, alcohol, and opioid abuse What is the single greatest predictor of health status? - correct answer ✔✔socioeconomic status The US does not provide ________. - correct answer ✔✔universal health insurance Who must be licensed by state to practice? - correct answer ✔✔RNs What is the largest group of healthcare takers? What education must they have? - correct answer ✔✔RNs Must take NCLEX Three types of educational prep: 2-year associate of arts: community college 3-year: hospital-based diploma 4-year: baccalaureate Advanced practice: Doctor of Nursing Pratice is an NP Can NPs practice independently? - correct answer ✔✔yes, get a license as well What is an example of a workforce issue? - correct answer ✔✔nursing shortage; exacerbated by aging workforce, aging population in need of care, fewer nurses being prepared What does it take to become a physician? - correct answer ✔✔requires college degree (or substantial completion of degree), medical school, residency, passing boards, licensure by state Accept some people that have great grades and are almost done with college What does it take to become a PA? - correct answer ✔✔degree from college program, license can only practice under direct supervision of physician What are the advantages and shortages/excess of primary care? - correct answer ✔✔avantages: point of energy into the system, focuses of continuous and routine care of an individual excess: dermatologists and plastic surgeons shortage of pediatrcians, family care, primary care, general practitioners, OB/GYN Research and development of new drugs is ________ ________, and done by who? - correct answer ✔✔very expensive done by pharmaceutical companies Once patent expires, other companies can produce. What is this called? - correct answer ✔✔generics patent-->generic generic is not as expensive as research and development of new drugs What are "nutriceuticals"? Are they regulated by the FDA? - correct answer ✔✔nutritional supplements NO Drug prices are very ________. Why? - correct answer ✔✔very high there are a number of factors, but the exact cause is not easy to pinpoint What are the different kinds of hospitals? - correct answer ✔✔not for profit, public, for profit What are not for profit hospitals? - correct answer ✔✔still need to make more than they spend religious or secular What are public hospitals? - correct answer ✔✔Federal (Veterans, DOD, Indian Health Services) State (Long-term care, Psychiatric hospitals, University hospitals) Prison (state of contractors) What are for profit hospitals? - correct answer ✔✔enough money increase share-holder earning owned by private corporations, profit goes to shareholders physician owned Increasingly, care is provided in ________, ________ facilities. - correct answer ✔✔ambulatory, outpatient facilities