Healthcare Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

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Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Accuracy - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which enables other parties to know precisely what each speaker has said. Managing flow of communication - Correct Answers ✅Asking speakers to pause, speed up, slow down, etc. are ways of ensuring accuracy by... Maintaining transparency - Correct Answers ✅Saying, "As the interpreter speaking, I did not understand what was just said, so I'm going to request clarification" shows that the interpreter is... Confidentiality - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which honors the private and personal nature of the health care interaction and maintain trust among all parties. Impartiality - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which eliminates the effect of interpreter bias or preference. Conflict of Interest - Correct Answers ✅An example of this would be interpreting for a close friend or family member. Interpreter would need to disclose this to staff.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Respect - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which requires the interpreter to acknowledge the inherent dignity of all parties in the interpreted encounter. Promotion of patient autonomy - Correct Answers ✅Directing patients toward the appropriate resources if help requested is beyond our code of ethics/ability to give (i.e., directing them toward a taxi service if they request a ride home) Cultural awareness - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which requires the interpreter to facilitate communication across cultural differences. Role Boundaries - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which requires the interpreter to clarify the scope and limits of the interpreting role, in order to avoid conflicts of interest. The interpreter limits their interactions to those of an interpreter and would never give medical advice or ask/answer overly personal questions during conversation with the patient. Professionalism - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which upholds the public's trust in the interpreting profession.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Skill limitations (with professionalism) - Correct Answers ✅For example, an interpreter who is unfamiliar with a highly technical medical term asks for an explanation before continuing to interpret. Professional development - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which aspires to attain the highest possible level of competence and service. Advocacy (S of P) - Correct Answers ✅Standard of practice which seeks to prevent harm to parties that the interpreter serves. Advocacy - Correct Answers ✅an action taken on behalf of an individual that goes beyond facilitating communication, with the intention of supporting good health outcomes. In general, it means that a third party (in this case, the interpreter) speaks for or pleads the cause of another party, thereby departing from an impartial role. Register - Correct Answers ✅A stylistic level of language used by a speaker. A speaker's choice of this is generally adapted to a particular topic, the parties spoken to, and the perceived formality of the situation. Allopathic medicine - Correct Answers ✅mainstream medical care in the US, use of drugs and surgery to combat disease

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Alternative/complimentary medicine - Correct Answers ✅health care practices that aren't considered part of mainstream medical treatment, may include acupuncture, herbal remedies, etc resident - Correct Answers ✅person who has recieved a medical degree and is practicing medicine, usually under supervision attending physician - Correct Answers ✅doctors who have finished their education and have the primary responsibility for patients fellow - Correct Answers ✅medical doctor who is pursuing additional training in a specialty field generalist - Correct Answers ✅MD or DO who specializes in internal medicine, family practice, or pediatrics, rather than specific disease or body sustem osteopath/Doc of osteopathy (DO) - Correct Answers ✅Evaluates and treats illnesses just as an MD would but with a "whole person" approach, including manipulative treatment of bones and muscles

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Physician Assistant - Correct Answers ✅May provide health care services under the supervision of a physician, such as history taking, physical examination, and diagnosis. Registered Nurse (RN) - Correct Answers ✅Graduated from nursing program, passed state board exam, and is licensed by the state Nurse Practitioner (NP) - Correct Answers ✅A registered nurse with graduate training. May save as PCP , can prescribe medicine Cardiovascular system - Correct Answers ✅moves blood within our bodies, carrying food and oxygen that our bodies need, as well as waste materials produced. Helps keep body temp stable arteries - Correct Answers ✅carry blood AWAY from heart, high in oxygen blood Capillaries - Correct Answers ✅tiny thin blood vessels, carry nutrients and oxygen into cells, transports waste and CO2 away from cells Veins - Correct Answers ✅VENIR al corazón, one way flow

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

aorta - Correct Answers ✅largest artery pulmonary artery - Correct Answers ✅carries blood away from the heart to the lungs pulmonary veins - Correct Answers ✅return blood from lungs to heart superior vena cava - Correct Answers ✅brings blood from heard and shoulders to heart inferior vena cava - Correct Answers ✅brings blood from abdomen and lower portion of body to heart systolic pressure - Correct Answers ✅(upper number) created each time heart beats diastolic pressure - Correct Answers ✅(lower number) created each time heart relaxes between beats anemia - Correct Answers ✅condition in which blood doesn't carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. Iron deficiency most common cause

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

aneurysm - Correct Answers ✅bulge or ballooning in wall of artery. Can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or death. aneurysm in the brain is a stroke. Medicine and surgery are two main treatments angina pectoris - Correct Answers ✅chest pain felt when there isn't enough blood flow to heart muscle. May feel like pressure, squeezing pain, or indigestion. Symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), buildup of plaque in arteries reducing blood flow arrhythmia - Correct Answers ✅problem with rate or rhythm of heartbeat. Means that heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern Tachycardia - Correct Answers ✅heart beating faster than normal, type of arrhythmia bradycardia - Correct Answers ✅heart beating too slowly, type of arrhythmia atrial fibrillation - Correct Answers ✅most common type of arrhythmia, irregular and fast heartbeat

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

congenital heart defects - Correct Answers ✅problem with structure of heart, present at birth. Most common type of heart defect. Can involve valves, walls, or arteries and veins near heart. They can disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart, causing blood to slow down, go in the wrong direction, go to the wrong place, or be blocked completely congestive heart failure - Correct Answers ✅condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Can affect one or both sides of the heart. causes blooded fluid to back up into the lungs, buildup of fluid in the feet, ankles and legs (edema), tiredness and shortness of breath. Common causes are coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes Hypothermia - Correct Answers ✅body losing heat faster than it can produce it, leading to abnormally low body temperature. body temperature below 95F is medical emergency myocardial infarction - Correct Answers ✅heart attack. Most happen when clot in coronary artery blocks the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart sickle cell anemia - Correct Answers ✅disease in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells, shaped like a crescent or

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

sickle. They don't last as long, leading to anemia. They get stuck in blood vessels, leading to blockage, pain, and organ damage. Caused by a genetic problem, need 2 genes for disease to manifest. About 1 in 12 African Americans have 1 gene present. No widely-available cure. Varicose veins - Correct Answers ✅swollen twisted veins that you can see under the skin. Most common in legs. Hemorrhoids are a type of varicose vein. Caused by damage or weakness in the one-way valves in veins, causing back-up and pooling, swelling bone marrow transplant - Correct Answers ✅carried out when patient's own marrow cannot produce the blood he needs. 1)patient receives chemo to kill diseased bone marrow 2)new bone marrow injected through IV 3)new bone marrow finds the spaces where old marrow was, lodges, and begins producing blood. Very dangerous procedure with possibility of serious infection, rejection of body, or return of disease. Echocardiogram (Echo) - Correct Answers ✅pulses of ultrasound are directed through the patient's chest, and the returning echoes are recorded. Shows structure and movement of the heart.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Electrocardiogram (EKG) - Correct Answers ✅recording of electricity flowing through the heart. Small discs connected to a machine by wires are attached to the patient's chest Exercise tolerance test (ETT) - Correct Answers ✅patient walks or jogs on treadmill while technician measures blood pressure, pulse, and takes EKG. Determines how heart responds under stress and identifies areas of weakness Digestive System - Correct Answers ✅main function is digestion and absorption of food. Mouth, teeth, and gums begin the process epiglottis - Correct Answers ✅flap of skin controlled by the brain, opens and closes to prevent food from entering trachea by mistake small intestine - Correct Answers ✅adds digestive enzymes that aid in digestion of food. Composed of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Here body absorbs nutrients duodenum - Correct Answers ✅part of the small intestine in which juices from liver and pancreas are added to help digest food.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

large intestine - Correct Answers ✅Here food is turned into feces and is prepared to be removed from the body. Includes: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, then enters rectum. Large intestine also referred to as the bowel gallbladder - Correct Answers ✅empties bile into small intestine to help break down fatty foods pancreas - Correct Answers ✅makes digestive juices for small intestine, as well as hormones that control many bodily functions. Part of both digestive system and endocrine system. appendix - Correct Answers ✅small tube-like organ attached to first part of large intestine. No known function. Blockage causes appendicitis, which untreated can lead to bursting and infection in abdomen, called peritonitis peritonitis - Correct Answers ✅infection in abdomen caused by burst appendix cirrhosis - Correct Answers ✅scarring of liver because of injury or long term disease. Cannot perform like healthy liver tissue, so can lead to easy bruising or bleeding, nosebleeds, swelling of abdomen or legs,

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

enlarged veins in esophagus or stomach, kidney failure, jaundice, or gallstones Common causes are chronic alcoholism and hepatitis liver function - Correct Answers ✅make protein, help fight infections, clean blood, help digest food, and store energy diarrhea - Correct Answers ✅loose watery stool more than three times a day. Causes include bacteria, viruses, parasites, medicines, food intolerances and diseases that affect digestive system constipation - Correct Answers ✅person has three or fewer bowl movements per week. gallstones - Correct Answers ✅blockage in flow of bile through bile ducts in gall bladder. These form when substances in bile harden. Attacks usually happen after you eat. May include nausea, vomiting, or pain in abdomen, back, or just under right arm. heartburn/ acid reflux - Correct Answers ✅painful burning feeling in chest or throat. Happens when stomach acid backs up into esophagus.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Gastroenteritis - Correct Answers ✅inflammation of lining of intestines caused buy a virus, bacteria, or parasites. second most common illness in us, commonly known as "stomach flu" though not a flu at all. Caused often by noroviris. Hemorrhoids - Correct Answers ✅swollen inflamed veins around anus or lower rectum. Inside of anus or under skin surrounding anus. Causes: straining to have bowel movement, pregnancy, aging, chronic constipation or diarrhea hepatitis - Correct Answers ✅inflammation of liver; common causes: virus hepatitis A, B, or C, drug or alcohol use, or body mistakenly attacking healthy cells in liver. IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) - Correct Answers ✅problem affecting large intestine. Causes abdominal cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, diarrhea, or constipation. Does not harm intestines. Exact cause not known. Peptic ulcer - Correct Answers ✅sore in lining of stomach or duodenum. Most common symptom is burning stomach. Common cause is bacteria or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine like aspirin and ibuprofen.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Gastroenterologist - Correct Answers ✅medical specialist that handles health of digestive system endoscopy - Correct Answers ✅thin fiberoptic tube with scope on the end, inserted into digestive tract upper endoscopy - Correct Answers ✅aka esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD, examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with scope colonoscopy - Correct Answers ✅scope used to examine entire colon (large intestine) sigmoidoscopy - Correct Answers ✅scope used to examine lower part of small intestine, including sigmoid colon upper GI series (Barium swallow) - Correct Answers ✅patient swallows a barium sulfate substance that acts like a dye. Next and x-ray method called fluoroscopy tracks how barium moves through esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Endocrine System - Correct Answers ✅(aka ductless gland system) makes hormones that are put into the blood stream and carried to all parts of the body hormones - Correct Answers ✅chemical messengers that help control how the body works by controlling bodily functions pituitary gland - Correct Answers ✅makes a number of hormones that control different endocrine glands and specific body functions. Also makes a hormones that controls how we grow, as well as one that controls how our kidneys work thyroid gland - Correct Answers ✅makes a hormone that controls how fast the metabolic processes work parathyroid gland - Correct Answers ✅makes a hormone that controls the level of calcium in the body adrenal gland - Correct Answers ✅produce hormones that act on heart rate and blood pressure. Also controls the amount of salt in the body, influences the development of sex organs, and controls other body functions

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

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pancreas - Correct Answers ✅makes two hormones: insulin and glucagon glucagon - Correct Answers ✅hormone that raises the level of glucose in the blood by causing the liver to release glucose back into the blood ovaries - Correct Answers ✅produce two female sex hormones: progesterone and estrogen. These control female physical changes during the menstrual cycle. testicles - Correct Answers ✅produce a male sex hormone called testosterone. This controls the development of male sex characteristics hormone inbalance - Correct Answers ✅common problems of the endocrine system (too much or too little of a hormone) Cushing's syndrome - Correct Answers ✅hormonal disorder caused by long-term exposure to cortisol, a hormone made by the adrenal gland. this can happen by taking synthetic hormones, or tumors that cause the body to produce too much cortisol. symptoms: upper body obesity, thin arms and legs, severe fatigue and muscle weakness, high blood pressure and blood sugar, easy bruising

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

Diabetes mellitus - Correct Answers ✅disease in which your blood glucose levels are too high due to the inability of insulin to channel the glucose into your cells Diabetes (type 1) - Correct Answers ✅disease in which the body does not make insulin Diabetes (type 2) - Correct Answers ✅disease in which the body does not make or use insulin well hyperthyroidism - Correct Answers ✅condition in which the thyroid makes more thyroid hormones than the body needs. Caused by Grave's disease, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, or consuming too much iodine. symptoms: mood swings, hand tremors, rapid and irregular heartbeat, frequent BM or diarrhea, weight loss, goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) hypothyroidism - Correct Answers ✅condition in which the thyroid is not active enough nd it doesn't make enough thyroid hormone to meet the body's needs. Caused by Hashimoto's disease, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, congenital hypothyroidism, removal of thyroid, or some medicines.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

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symptoms: weight gain, puffy face, cold intolerance, joint and muscle pain, constipation, dry skin, dry thinning hair, decreased sweating, slowed heartbeat, heavy or irregular menstrual periods and fertility problems Endocrinologist - Correct Answers ✅medical specialist who treats hormone imbalances and other problems of the endocrine system ultrasound - Correct Answers ✅pulses of sound that are directed at the patient and the returning echoes are recorded to create images of specific portions of the body musculoskeletal system - Correct Answers ✅body system made up of bones, joints, and muscles, which protect the body and enable motion joint - Correct Answers ✅the point where two or more bones come together. These are padded by cartilage and held together by ligaments muscles - Correct Answers ✅bundles of tissue which help the body move and work

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

bones - Correct Answers ✅made of flexible fibers and solid material formed from calcium cartilage - Correct Answers ✅flexible substance found in joints for cushioning ligaments - Correct Answers ✅fibers which hold the joint in place tendons - Correct Answers ✅two or more of these attach muscles to bone. skeletal muscles - Correct Answers ✅major muscle groups. These work in pairs or coordinated groups muscle fibers - Correct Answers ✅these are long and thin, arranged in small bundles, each one controlled by a nerve. Bundles of these contract when stimulated by a nerve. When the impulses stop, it relaxes. In this manner we control body movements. arthritis - Correct Answers ✅condition caused by pain and swelling in joints.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

osteoarthritis - Correct Answers ✅most common type of arthritis, related to age or injury autoimmune arthritis - Correct Answers ✅type of arthritis which occurs when the body's immune system attacks healthy body cells by mistake. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common variety. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a form of this disease that occurs in children. Infectious arthritis - Correct Answers ✅infection that has spread from another part of the body to the joints. Psoriatic arthritis - Correct Answers ✅type of arthritis afflicting people with psoriasis gout - Correct Answers ✅arthritis usually beginning in the big toe caused by a surplus of uric acid carpal tunnel syndrome - Correct Answers ✅condition affecting the narrow passageway of ligaments and bones at the base of your hand (the carpal tunnel). Thickening from irritated tendons or other swelling narrows the tunnel and causes the nerve to be compressed. Causes pain and numbness

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

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fibromyalgia - Correct Answers ✅disorder causing muscle pain and fatigue. People with this disorder have "tender points" on the body which hurt when pressure is put on them. fracture - Correct Answers ✅a break, usually in a bone. Open fracture, compound fracture - Correct Answers ✅where the broken bone punctures the skin stress fractures - Correct Answers ✅very small cracks in the bone hernia - Correct Answers ✅the bulging of a tissue or an internal organ through a weak area of muscle inguinal hernia - Correct Answers ✅located in the groin, most common type umbilical hernia - Correct Answers ✅located around the belly button incisional hernia - Correct Answers ✅hernia through a scar

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

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hiatal hernia - Correct Answers ✅small opening in the diaphragm that allows the upper part of the stomach to move up into the chest congenital diaphragmatic hernia - Correct Answers ✅birth defect in which a small opening in the diaphragm that allows the upper part of the stomach to move up into the chest- requires surgery osteoporosis - Correct Answers ✅condition which makes bones weak and more likely to break. sprain - Correct Answers ✅stretched or torn ligament strain - Correct Answers ✅stretched or torn muscle or tendon orthopedist - Correct Answers ✅specializes in bones podiatrist - Correct Answers ✅specializes in the health of the feet rheumatologist - Correct Answers ✅specializes specifically in arthritis

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

xray - Correct Answers ✅nonviable rays of energy produced by an energy produced by an energy source that can penetrate different materials and create a photographic image. For bones computed tomography scan (CT) - Correct Answers ✅type of x ray directed through a patient at many different angles. Detect problems in soft tissues magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Correct Answers ✅same as CT scan but without X-ray. Instead it uses magnetic and radio waves. Nervous system - Correct Answers ✅body system which regulates and controls all other body systems central nervous system - Correct Answers ✅made up of the brain and the spinal cord peripheral nervous system - Correct Answers ✅made up of all the nerves that connect the areas of the body with the brain Nerve cells - Correct Answers ✅many of these connect together to make up the nervous system. They are able to organize and conduct messages in the form of small electrical pulses.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

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nerve impulses - Correct Answers ✅these small electrical impulses organize and conduct messages between nerve cells. motor nerves - Correct Answers ✅send messages from the brain and spinal cord to all other parts of the body sensory nerves - Correct Answers ✅pick up messages from the outside of the body and pass them to the brain lens muscles - Correct Answers ✅muscles in the eye which bend and change shape and contract which allows the lens to focus incoming light on the nerve endings at the back of the eye cornea - Correct Answers ✅transparent part of the eye that covers the lens muscle, iris, and pupil. It is curved in a way that changes the direction of incoming light rays so that it can be focused into an image that we can understand iris - Correct Answers ✅colored part of the eye. Controls the amount of light that is able to enter the ey.

Healthcare Interpreter Exam study set

Question & Answers 2024

pupil - Correct Answers ✅center part of the iris which opens to let in more light or closes to let in less light. Protects the eye from bright light and allows us to see better in dim light aqueous humor - Correct Answers ✅fluid found between the cornea and lens vitreous humor - Correct Answers ✅type of fluid found between the lens and the retina retina - Correct Answers ✅located at the back of the eye. This is where light is focused onto the nerve fibers that connect to the optic nerve to send images to brain optic nerve - Correct Answers ✅nerve at the back of the eye which receives the image from the retinal nerve fibers and transmits the image to the brain middle ear - Correct Answers ✅small cavity between the ear drum and the inner ear Eustachian tube - Correct Answers ✅connects the inner ear to the back of the nose