Healthcare Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

Download Healthcare Terminology and Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! CMAA Module 1 Medical Terminology - correct answer ✔✔A combination of Latin and Greek language used to describe components and processes of the human body, medical procedures, diseases, disorders, and pharmacology. Anatomy - correct answer ✔✔Anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body. Physiology - correct answer ✔✔is the study of the function of each body system Most important parts of a CMAA - correct answer ✔✔Customer service, along with supporting the goals of the health care team Consider the various types of health care organizations. Why is understanding delivery models important to the patient experience? - correct answer ✔✔Being familiar with the broad variety of delivery models helps you better navigate patients through their health care experience. Your knowledge and understanding of the various models your organization uses will support the patients' experience—and ultimately their outcome. Diverse Delivery Models allow pts - correct answer ✔✔Achieve best care in a timely manner, for a specific need Home Health - correct answer ✔✔Follows a hospital stay resulting from an injury or illness. The goal is for the patient to return to daily activity. Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) - correct answer ✔✔Delivery model of pt care that uses a Holistic and Relationship approach. Key Components of Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) - correct answer ✔✔Comprehensive and Coordinated care with all relevant health care teams, accessible pt centered care, recognizes. unique pt needs. Collaborative Care Model - correct answer ✔✔Team approach between Pts Primary Care and Mental Health Team Accountable Care organizations (ACO) - correct answer ✔✔Groups of health care specialists that focus on preventative care and screenings for pts. This model acheives quality care for the pt while reducing cost and unnecessary services ( Prevents duplications of services) If you need to call a pt back after you verify information or consult with a provider make sure: - correct answer ✔✔You communicate when you will return the call Its best practice to inform the pt if there will be: - correct answer ✔✔any delays in retrieving requested information, obtaining test results or scheduling their appointments. What went wrong from a customer service standpoint in this scenario? You received a call from a patient who was going on vacation and expected to run out of medication during their trip if they didn't pick up a refill today. This patient was already experiencing a high level of stress as they were preparing for a lengthy trip. Then while packing medication, they realized they now must call the provider's office and pick up a prescription refill. What extra step could have improved the customer service experience for this patient? - correct answer ✔✔Even though you told the patient you would expedite the request, you could have told them that you would call them back as soon as the prescription was sent to the pharmacy. This would have saved time in guessing when the prescription would be there. It is moments like these that may seem small in the big picture of your day but can make a major positive impact in your patient's world. De-escalation techniques - correct answer ✔✔Are a series of skills, strategies and practices that can be used to calm down an agitated, aggressive pt. The first step in De-escalation - correct answer ✔✔remain calm and listen. Depending on the environment it could be helpful to invite the pt in a private area to sit down. Showing empathy and concern while allowing the pt to voice their feelings without interrupting can help reduce anger. Apologize when appropriate while remaining firm about what you can do to rectify the situation. When dealing with an upset pt always make sure to - correct answer ✔✔remain and safe distance and have a clear path to the exits. When using paper records - correct answer ✔✔store and lock the records to prevent unauthorized user access When copying or printing PHI be mindful not to leave - correct answer ✔✔the materials unattended When scanning PHI ensure - correct answer ✔✔you're scanning to the correct pt record If you are faxing PHI use a - correct answer ✔✔coversheet marked confidential and confirm the number and receiver is correct before sending. Always remember accessing your pts PHI is on a - correct answer ✔✔need to know basis Track Operator activity - correct answer ✔✔to monitor employee access to PHI and usage to ensure its in alignment with HIPAA regulations. Health care team members send patient health information for several reasons. Protecting patient privacy is imperative in health care. Revisiting this scenario, if you sent a patient's HIV status to the patient's place of employment instead of the patient's new health care provider, what can result from this mistake? We always ensure PHI protection for all patients, but what if sensitive information were delivered to the incorrect recipient? - correct answer ✔✔Accidents do happen, but you would need to report this immediately to your Privacy Officer. Many times in a medical office, this will be the office manager. The Privacy Officer will need to determine what response needs to be taken to reduce the risk of potential harm. Risk assessment will need to be performed. and a report of the breach may need to be sent to the Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights. Failure to report privacy breach can result in a major incident that can include penalties for your employer. How many rings should you answer the phone by? - correct answer ✔✔by 3 rings When answering a call its important to - correct answer ✔✔listen to the callers tone, pattern of speech or urgency to guide you in assessing the situation. Information you will need from a pt when they leave a message is : - correct answer ✔✔name of the caller, who the message is for and confirm a call back number. Note the date and time of the call and write any information that needs to be relayed to the receiver. If you are currently on a non-emergent call and a second call comes in : - correct answer ✔✔place the current call on hold and answer the 2nd call always asking is this an emergency or may I place you on hold. Let's say a patient calls your clinic to reschedule an appointment. As you are looking at available time slots, the other line rings. You answer the other call and say "Mountain View Clinic, please hold," placing the call on hold and returning to your first call. Upon completing the rescheduled appointment, you document the information and inform the provider that the patient has rescheduled. When you return to your desk, you notice the other call is still on hold. You answer the line and say, "Thanks for holding, how can I help you?" The caller says, "YES!! What took you so long? We need an ambulance. My father was having some chest discomfort but now he isn't responding at ALL!" What went wrong? - correct answer ✔✔First, the caller was not asked if this is an emergency before being placed on hold. In addition, there was a further delay by documenting the rescheduled appointment and notifying the provider before returning to the other caller on hold. These actions put a patient at risk for a delayed response, possibly leading to a fatal outcome. As a medical administrative assistant, reports of chest pain or discomfort would register as an emergency resulting in appropriate and timely action. First step of time management - correct answer ✔✔prioritization, taking time to create a to do list in order of urgency. Imagine you received a phone call at 9:15 a.m. from a patient requesting an urgent refill of their albuterol inhaler. You became busy with other tasks, and the patient called back at 4:30 p.m. asking why the refill had not been sent to the pharmacy. Now this is an urgent issue not only for you but for the provider and the pharmacy. What should you have done to ensure that this refill was issued in a timely manner? - correct answer ✔✔If you were unable to send the request immediately to the provider, this would be an urgent task that should be placed on a to-do list. As soon as you have an available moment, you will be able to refer to your list and complete the highest-priority task. Good time management not only assures that you keep close track of what you need to complete in your day, it demonstrates to others that you can be depended on to follow through with requests in a professional and timely manner. Start conversations with - correct answer ✔✔open ended questions so the pt doesnt feel rushed. Verbal communication techniques - correct answer ✔✔restating, summarizing and reflection can help to ensure you are interpreting their message correctly. Let's further discuss the statement made by the patient in this scenario. What techniques can you use when a patient says, "It's hard coming to appointments this early in the morning," when checking in for their visit? - correct answer ✔✔Search content... PROFESSIONALISM TIPS Page 8ReplayMuteLoaded: 100.00%Remaining Time -0:00CaptionsFullscreenPaused Verbal Communication Self-Reflection Let's further discuss the statement made by the patient in this scenario. What techniques can you use when a patient says, "It's hard coming to appointments this early in the morning," when checking in for their visit? An empathetic response such as, "I understand, having to take my son to school and then come to work by 8 a.m. can be a struggle." But to truly understand the intention of the patient, it would be helpful to use a restating technique to clarify such as, "It sounds like early morning appointments do not work the best for you. For your next appointment, should we look at afternoon appointment times?" or a reflection technique such as, "It sounds like early morning appointments might be causing you some stress. We can look at afternoon appointment times." Using these techniques gives the patient the opportunity to confirm the meaning of their statement and allows you to guide them toward a solution. Even though your day as a health care team member is very busy, taking the time to communicate in a positive manner can make everyone's day run much more smoothly. When communicating electronically ensure the pts - correct answer ✔✔account and contact information is correct. Always address the pt electronically by their - correct answer ✔✔formal title Mr. Ms. Mrs. followed by their last name Electronic Health record is considered a legal document true or false - correct answer ✔✔true Certified Clinical Medical Assistant CCMA - correct answer ✔✔Trained for both clinical and administrative duties. Clinical duties include taking vital signs, taking medical histories, preparing patients for exams and medical tests, assisting provider with exams, explaining medical procedures to patients, sterilizing medical instruments, assisting in minor surgeries, removing sutures, cleaning and bandaging wounds, calling for prescriptions, explaining patients' preparation for x-rays, administering immunizations, drawing blood and collecting other lab specimens, and doing electrocardiograms. Administrative duties include answering telephones, making appointments, checking patients in and out for examinations, collecting copayment, processing referral documents, and providing patient education. Medical Specialist - correct answer ✔✔A health care specialist who has a concentration or emphasis on a specific area of medicine. Certified Medical Administrative Assistant CMAA - correct answer ✔✔Provides administrative support in a variety of health care settings including answering telephones, making appointments, checking patients in and out for examinations, collecting copayment as well as many other duties. The most common model of outpatient care is known as a - correct answer ✔✔as a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) team Patient centered medical home team consists of a - correct answer ✔✔team that collectively takes responsibility for a patient's comprehensive care. PCMH Patient centered medical home team include : - correct answer ✔✔include primary care providers (physician, physician's assistant, and/or nurse practitioners), registered nurses (RN), licensed practical nurses (LPN), certified clinical medical assistants (CCMA), pharmacists, medical specialists as needed, and certified medical administrative assistants (CMAA). The team can also include social workers, nutritionists, health educators, community health workers, and care coordinators. The PCMH puts an emphasis on - correct answer ✔✔improved quality of care, effective chronic care management, greater patient and provider satisfaction, decreased costs, and proactive preventive care. The patients are truly the center of the health care services provided. This model provides preventive care, chronic and acute health care, and end-of-life health care when needed. The PCMH health care team decreases ______ and increase _________ - correct answer ✔✔decreases costs and increases revenue. This can be accomplished by providing preventive care, decreasing the number of patient visits and hospital stays, and improving patient health outcomes Collaborative care - correct answer ✔✔is a service model that uses a team-based approach to integrate primary care with mental and behavioral health providers. Collaborative care can improve the quality of care as well as patient outcomes that include chronic and mental health conditions. Integration of behavioral health into medical services (i.e., collaborative care) has shown improved patient outcomes, cost savings, and reduced stigma about mental health conditions. Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are - correct answer ✔✔hospitals, providers, and specialists who form groups that deliver collaborative and efficient care to patients. These organizations often focus on preventive care and screenings to deliver quality care to patients The primary goal of hospice - correct answer ✔✔is to support a patient who is terminally ill and their caregivers by focusing on symptom management and quality of life. This type of care is implemented after treatment of the disease has stopped. While hospice can be initiated at any stage of the terminal illness, it is usually when life expectancy is six months or less. Hospice care team includes - correct answer ✔✔CMAA or the CCMA to be involved in the initial setup of care A medical provider for ongoing comfort care and coordinating the care plan A specialist for any special care needed (podiatrist for foot care, nutritionist for dietary needs, etc.) A licensed mental health specialist to manage mental health issues of stress or coping strategies A social worker to assist with community or financial resources that may be needed A clergy member for those who desire religious or spiritual support Home health care (HHC) - correct answer ✔✔is a professional care model with a wide range of skilled medical and support services that are given in the home, usually after a hospital stay. The care is initiated by a provider's orders. HHC is set up to treat the illness or injury. Primary goal of Home Health Care HHC - correct answer ✔✔The primary goal is for the patient to get better and resume their lives (with or without future assistance). Home health care is for people of all ages. However, HHC services might be needed for the following patients. Postsurgical or post-injury patients who require some assistance with daily life tasks Postpartum patients and their infants (especially in the case of cesarean section deliveries) Older adults who have chronic illnesses or disabling conditions who can live independently with assistance Patients who need monitoring, specific medicine, or equipment, such as a heart or glucose monitor Mobile Health Units - correct answer ✔✔vMobile health units are specialized vehicles that go to locations where brick-and-mortar health care may not be available. The providers in these vehicles travel to rural and urban areas to give health care to children, new parents, patients without housing, older adults, and other vulnerable populations who may not have health insurance or who lack adequate access to health care. The services vary, and the team could include social workers, psychotherapists, pediatricians, gynecologists, primary care providers, and more. Some mobile health units are sponsored by third-party payers as a give-back to the community, while others are sponsored by federal funding from the Affordable Care Act. Which of the following is a responsibility of being a CMAA? A. Diagnosing B Treating C Providing patient education D Managing medication - correct answer ✔✔C. A CMAA's job responsibilities include providing patient education and coaching. Describe a PCMH health care team (response) - correct answer ✔✔A PCMH health care team blends multidisciplinary skills and several professionals' insights on each patient's overall health. Which of the following would be included as a PCMH health care team member? A. Coder B Pharmacist C Primary care providers (PCPs) include - correct answer ✔✔physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician associates/assistants. They diagnose and treat illness, injuries, and disorders; prescribe medications; make treatment plans; and answer patients' questions. Certified Clinical Medical Assistant - correct answer ✔✔Transmits medication refills Certified Medical Administrative Assistant - correct answer ✔✔Takes messages for medication requests Pharmacist - correct answer ✔✔Fills Medication orders Physician Associate/ Physician Assistant - correct answer ✔✔Writes Medication Orders App Based/ Mobile EHR software - correct answer ✔✔manages everything from patient appointments to health data in a secure mobile application used by health care providers and patients. This app allows the remote exchange of information, accessing data, managing tasks, and taking immediate action for critical health issues, easily done with the tap of a finger. A computer-based patient record stores - correct answer ✔✔patient medical data within the medical practice. It stores the formatted medical data, reminders, alerts, clinical decisions, and treatments for each patient seen by providers in the medical practice. Web-based EHRs are more scalable for - correct answer ✔✔small practices, and a web-based EHR system makes it easy to update information for new patients, doctors, or other locations. Web-based software allows small practices to grow without spending a lot of money and increases the potential for effective communication. Cloud-based EHR systems store data on an - correct answer ✔✔external server and can be accessed with any device that has an internet connection but uses a unique user login and password for security and privacy purposes to prevent the possibility of unauthorized access. EMR and EHR are two different types of health records, but sometimes the names are used interchangeably, as they share some functionalities. True or False - correct answer ✔✔True The EMR (Electronic Medical Record) is the medical record that has - correct answer ✔✔all the health information, The EHR does much more than the EMR such as - correct answer ✔✔The EHR can be shared across many medical patient care facilities and institutions. EHRs were designed to allow for secure widespread sharing of information between providers involved with the same patient, allowing for more coordination of care. A comprehensive approach to security, privacy, and confidentiality of the shared information is the first priority with EHR systems. Health care organizations use ____________________ to automate the processes associated with delivering health care services - correct answer ✔✔practice management systems (PMSs) practice management systems (PMSs) - correct answer ✔✔a practice management system refers to all applications used to treat and bill for patient health care services. This includes patient portals, billing and coding applications, real-time adjudication, and clinical registries. EMRs and EHRs contain patient information of demographics. This data is needed for clinical operations and is useful for population data objectives. Patient demographics are the core data medical institutions need for the identification of a patient and categorization for the purpose of statistical analysis. Information includes the following. - correct answer ✔✔Contact information (name, address, phone) Date of birth, assigned sex, and gender identity Ethnicity and/or race Insurance data Allergies, major diagnoses, major medical history EMRs (Electronic Medical Records) are the - correct answer ✔✔the digital version of what used to be in paper medical records: encounter dates, diagnosis, medical history, medications, allergies, immunization, lab and x-ray results, and provider's notes. EHR Electronic Health Records contain - correct answer ✔✔encounter dates, diagnosis, medical history, medications, allergies, immunization, lab and x-ray results, and provider notes. EHR information has bi- directional conversion and can accept open EMR information that has the archetype format that is templated to be received. What are the benefits of using electronic health records versus paper health records? Response - correct answer ✔✔Electronic health records are typically accessible to a network of providers and organizations, are searchable, and take less physical space. Which of the following is a benefit of web-based software for health records? A.Increased revenues B Decreased need for communicating C Ease of growth D Capability of adding more patients - correct answer ✔✔C. ease of growth Web-based software makes updating easier, gives opportunities for ease of growth, and increases the potential for effectively communicating. Which of the following is a benefit of using an EHR versus the original EMR? A.Keeps information within the facility B Less costs C Limited accessibility D Coordination of care - correct answer ✔✔D. COORDINATION OF CAREThe EHR can share patient information across many care facilities and institutions. Which of the following is a type of patient demographic? A.Prior employer B Previous address dis Abnormal, difficult, or painful Macro- Large in size Melan/o- Black or dark in color Micro- Small in size Poly- Many Pseudo- False or deceptive, usually in regard to appearance Retro- Behind or backward Common Root Words: Cardi/o Gastr/o Oste/o Rhin/o Therm/o - correct answer ✔✔Cardi/o Related to the heart Gastr/o Related to the stomach Oste/o Related to bone Rhin/o Related to the nose Therm/o Indicates heat Common suffixes -ectomy -itis -ology -osis -pathy - correct answer ✔✔-ectomy Surgical removal of something -itis Signifies inflammation -ology The study of a particular concentration -osis Indicates something that is abnormal -pathy Disease or disease process The Joint Commission (TJC) issued a - correct answer ✔✔"do not use" list for abbreviations that are not acceptable in the health care field. TJC's (The Joint Commission) Do Not Use List U(Unit) why? - correct answer ✔✔U (unit) problem-Mistaken for "0" (zero), the number "4" (four), or "cc" instead-Write "unit" TJC's (The Joint Commission) Do Not Use List IU (International Unit) Why? - correct answer ✔✔Mistaken for "IV" (intravenous) or the number "10" (ten) Write "International Unit" TJC's (The Joint Commission) Do Not Use List 'Q.D., QD, q.d. (daily) Q.O.D., QOD, q.o.d., qod (every other day) - correct answer ✔✔Mistaken for each other Period after the "Q" mistaken for "I" and the "O" mistaken for "I" Write "daily" Write "every other day" TJC's (The Joint Commission) Do Not Use List Trailing zero (X.0 mg)* Lack of leading zero (.X mg) - correct answer ✔✔Decimal point is missed Write X mg Write 0.X mg TJC's (The Joint Commission) Do Not Use List MS MSO4 and MgSO4 - correct answer ✔✔Can mean morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate Confused for one another Write "morphine sulfate" Write "magnesium sulfate" TJC's (The Joint Commission) Do Not Use List > (greater than) < (less than) - correct answer ✔✔Misinterpreted as the number "7" (seven) or the letter "L" Confused for one another Write "greater than" Write "less than" TJC's (The Joint Commission) Do Not Use List Abbreviations for drug names - correct answer ✔✔Misinterpreted due to similar abbreviations for multiple drugs Body System Endocrine Function and Organs? - correct answer ✔✔Function-Produces and releases hormones that aid in the control of growth, metabolism, mood, sexual maturity, reproduction, and water and electrolyte balance. Organs Adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, pineal, hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes Body System Skin, Integumentary Function and Organs? - correct answer ✔✔Functions- Acts as a barrier to protect vital internal organs, regulates body temperature, and synthesizes vitamin D; in addition, sensory receptors enable the body to respond to sensations (heat, cold, pain, pressure). Organs- Hair, skin, nails, sebaceous glands (oil glands), and sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) Body System Musculoskeletal Function and Organs? - correct answer ✔✔Functions- Assists with body movement; acts as protection, support, and framework for organ systems; stores important minerals; and continually forms new blood cells. Organs- Bones, muscles, joints, and supportive connective tissues (cartilage, tendons, ligaments) Body Systems Reproductive Function and Organs - correct answer ✔✔Function- Works to achieve fertilization and produce offspring. Organs Male: Testes, scrotum, penis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland Female: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands Body System Respiratory Function and Organs? - correct answer ✔✔Functions- Works to move air into and out of the lungs while exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. Organs Lungs, trachea, nose, pharynx, larynx Body Systems Urinary Functions and Organs - correct answer ✔✔Responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products. Organs Kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra Body Systems Nervous Functions and Organs - correct answer ✔✔Function: Controls the body's voluntary muscles, carries information to the central nervous system, and carries responses from the central nervous system to the body to initiate an action. Organs Central nervous system: Brain, spinal cord Peripheral nervous system: All nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system, including 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Body System Immune and Lymphatic Function and Organs - correct answer ✔✔Function- Works to prevent infections and activates the body's defenses when a pathogen is detected. Organs Lymph nodes, lymph nodules, thymus, spleen Directional References and Body Planes Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Midline Lateral - correct answer ✔✔Superior Above; toward the head Inferior Below; toward the feet Anterior Pertaining to the front of the body Posterior Pertaining to the back of the body Midline Divides the body equally (down the middle) Lateral Pertaining to the side Directional References and Body Planes Medial Axial Appendicular Sagittal Plane Coronal Plane Transverse Plane - correct answer ✔✔Medial Pertaining to the middle (midline) Axial Refers to the head, neck, and vertebral column Appendicular Refers to the upper and lower extremities Sagittal Plane Left and right of body Coronal Plane Divides anterior and posterior Transverse Plane Divides superior and inferior Cardiologist - correct answer ✔✔cardi/o - heart -ologist - person who treats Diagnosing and treating diseases and conditions of the heart and blood vessels. Dermatologist - correct answer ✔✔dermat/o - skin -ologist - person who treats EpiPen: auto-injectable device that delivers the drug epinephrine; a life-saving medication used when someone is experiencing a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis Common Ailments- Allergies Prevention - correct answer ✔✔The most effective way to prevent allergies is to avoid the allergens/cause Common Ailments- Cold and Flu Cause - correct answer ✔✔Both of these illnesses are upper respiratory infections, meaning they involve the nose, throat, and lungs. Viruses cause both colds and flu by increasing inflammation of the membranes in the nose and throat. Most transmission of these viruses occurs via hand-to-hand contact. Common Ailments- Cold and Flu Symptoms - correct answer ✔✔Flu symptoms come on suddenly and affect the body all over. Flu symptoms are usually more serious than a cold and include: Fever (over 100° F) Body ache and fatigue Headaches, Dry cough Mild headache Body aches Cold Symptoms Congestion (a runny or stuffy nose) Cough Sneezing Sore throat Mild headache Body aches Common Ailments Cold and Flu treatment - correct answer ✔✔Rest more than usual. Drink lots of clear fluids. Runny Nose, Congestion- Decongestants to relieve a runny nose and congestion Salt water nasal sprays for nasal congestion and thin mucus Humidifier or hot shower to clear mucus Cough- Cough medicine Sore Throat- Lozenges and sprays Gargling with warm salt water Fever, Pain- Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Common Ailments Cold and Flu Prevention - correct answer ✔✔Get yearly flu shots. Wash hands often. Keep hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth. Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis) Cause - correct answer ✔✔Bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction to pollen or animal dander, or a result of chemical irritants. Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis) Symptoms - correct answer ✔✔Redness, itching, tearing, burning sensation, pus-like discharge, and/or crusting of the eyelids. Because conjunctivitis causes inflammation of the small blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become more prominent, the whites of the eyes will appear pink or red. Upon waking, eyelids are pasted shut. Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis) Treatment - correct answer ✔✔Wash hands frequently to prevent spreading an existing infection to other eye and to other people. Don't rub eyes. Use a warm or cool compress to reduce discomfort. Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis) Prevention - correct answer ✔✔Pink eye is extremely contagious. The infection can easily be passed via keyboards, doorknobs, makeup, pens, gym equipment, and a vast number of other items. Wash hands frequently, avoid touching eyes, and wash anything that may be contaminated for extra protection. Diarrhea Causes - correct answer ✔✔Bacterial infection, caused by contaminated food or water Viral infection Parasites, which can enter the body through food or water Diarrhea Symptoms - correct answer ✔✔Watery, loose stools Frequent bowel movements Cramping or pain in the abdomen, nausea, bloating Diarrhea treatment - correct answer ✔✔Avoid caffeine and alcohol. Drink clear fluids such as sports drinks and broth. Water alone is not enough because the body needs sodium and sugar. Avoid high-sugar drinks, like apple juice, grape juice, and soda. Diarrhea Prevention - correct answer ✔✔Wash hands frequently before preparing or eating food; before and after caring for someone who is ill; after touching garbage; and after touching an animal, animal feed, and animal waste. Headache Cause - correct answer ✔✔The cause is unknown but could be: Alcohol Caffeine Emotional Fatigue Hormonal (menstruation) Foods, (red wine, chocolate, nuts, and artificial sweeteners) Headaches Symptoms - correct answer ✔✔Migraine: Pounding or throbbing Intense pain on one side of the head Interferes with routine activities Light and noise sensitivity Gastrectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach. The suffix -tomy refers to cutting or making an incision. Which of the following does the term osteopathy refer to? A Regulation of body systems B Type of cancer C Disease of the bones D Natural medicines - correct answer ✔✔C Disease of the bones Osteopathy refers to disease of the bones. Which of the following suffixes can be used to indicate a blood condition? A -emesis B -ectasis C -emia D -itis - correct answer ✔✔C -emia The suffix -emia refers to a blood disorder (e.g., anemia). Aden - correct answer ✔✔Gland Cyst - correct answer ✔✔Bladder Hepat - correct answer ✔✔Liver Chondr - correct answer ✔✔Cartilage Pepsia - correct answer ✔✔Digestion Pyel - correct answer ✔✔Pelvis or Kidney Steth - correct answer ✔✔Chest A patient states they have "wear and tear" that causes knee pain. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis? A Osteoarthritis B Rheumatoid arthritis C Osteoporosis D Deep vein thrombosis - correct answer ✔✔A Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is often referred to as "wear and tear" on joints by patients, as this was previously thought to be the cause of the condition. Throm - correct answer ✔✔Clot Which of the following is the largest organ of the body? A Heart B Skin C Lungs D Stomach - correct answer ✔✔B Skin . The largest organ of the body is the skin. Hair, nails, and glands are accessory organs of this system. The nervous system controls all other body systems and is divided into two main sections. Which of the following sections controls the brain and spinal cord? A Peripheral nervous system (PNS) B Central peripheral system (CPS) C Central nervous system (CNS) D Endocrine system (ES) - correct answer ✔✔C Central nervous system (CNS) The nervous system controls all other body systems and is divided into two main sections: the CNS and PNS. The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is made of peripheral nerves throughout the body. Which of the following terms refers to the head, neck, and vertebral column? A Spinal column B