History 101 Final Exam Review Western Civilizations Exam Questions With Complete Solutions, Exams of History

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History 101 Final Exam Review Western

Civilizations Exam Questions With

Complete Solutions 2024

the jLatin jterm jPax jRomana jliterally jmeans j_____ j- jANS ✓✓ -"Peace jof jRome" in j_____ jC.E. jEmperor jConstantine jissued jthe jEdict jof jMulan, jwhich jannounced jthe j_______ j- jANS ✓✓ -313, jToleration jof jChristianity when jdid jRome's jpower jbegin jto jdecline? j- jANS ✓✓ -After jMarcus jAurelius jreign j(161-180 jC.E.) in jthe jfeudal jEuropean jcommunity, jmost jpeople jfell jinto jthree jcategories. jwhat jare jthey? j- jANS ✓✓ -1. jthose jwho jworked j

2. jthose jwho jfought j
3. jthose jwho jprayed by jthe jyear j1000, j____ jhad jreplaced j____ jin jmost jplaces jin jWestern jEurope j- jANS ✓✓ -serfs, jslaves the jBubonic jPlague jof jthe jmid jand jlate j14th jcentury jwas jspread jby j____, j_____, jand j_____ j- jANS ✓✓ -fleas, jrats, jtrade the jart jof jthe j_____ jwas jless jsensuous jthan jthat jof jthe j______ j- jANS ✓✓ - Northern jRenaissance, jSouthern jRenaissance Emperor jCommodus jbelieved jthat jhe jwas j... j- jANS ✓✓ -the jreincarnation jof jHercules the jmodern jconcepts jof j____ jbeing jcoequal jto jlaw jand j____ jbeing jthe jgoal jof jall jlaw jcome jto jus jfrom jthe jancient jRoman jlegal jsystem. j- jANS ✓✓ -Precedent, jFairness the jonly jchild jof jMuhammad jand jKhadija jthat jsurvived jwas j_____ j- jANS ✓✓ - Fatima the jpractice jof j____ jwas jnot junique jto jChristianity j- jANS ✓✓ -baptism name jtwo jgroups jof jpeople jthat jdid jnot jintermarry. j- jANS ✓✓ -nobles jand jpeasants

what jinfluenced jthe jrise jof jpenitential jsocieties? j- jANS ✓✓ -the jBubonic jPlague who jled jthe jFrench jto jtemporary jvictory jover jthe jEnglish jduring jthe j 100 jyears jwar? j- jANS ✓✓ -Joan jof jArc how jcould ja jserf jgain jhis jor jher jfreedom? j- jANS ✓✓ -by jescaping jto ja jtown jand jstaying jgone ja jyear jand ja jday what jtwo jinventions jmade jfarming jmore jproductive jin jthe jeleventh jcentury? j- jANS ✓✓ -the jiron-tipped jplough jand jthe jpadded jhorse jcollar between j____ jand j____ jA.D, j______ jgrew jand jbecame jvery jextreme jin jplaces jlike jSpain j- jANS ✓✓ -900, j1600, janti-Semitism during jthe jmiddle-ages, j____ jand j____ jhad jlimited jcontact jwith jsociety joutside jthe jmonasteries j- jANS ✓✓ -monks, jnuns ____ jis jone jof jthe jseven jsacraments jof jthe jRoman jCatholic jChurch j- jANS ✓✓ - communion after j1480, jRussia jwas jreferred jto j(by jsome) jas ja j_____ j- jANS ✓✓ -"Third jRome" the jEastern jRoman jEmpire jis jmore jcommonly jcalled j_____ j- jANS ✓✓ -the jByzantine jEmpire the jfirst jEuropean juniversities jwere jestablished jin j_____, j_____, jand j_____ j- jANS ✓✓ -Bologna, jSalerno, jand jParis _____ jlaw jwas jrigid- jallowing jvirtually jno jroom jfor jinterpretation j- jANS ✓✓ - Germanic ______ jwas ja jkey jfigure jin jthe jNorthern jRenaissance j- jANS ✓✓ -Desiderius jErasmus who jwrote jThe jPrince? j- jANS ✓✓ -Niccolo jMachiavelli who jwas jlargely jresponsible jfor jthe jspread jof jChristianity jinto jAsia jMinor jand jGreece? j- jANS ✓✓ -the japostle jPaul some j_____ jwere jvery jwealthy jand jpowerful j- jANS ✓✓ -Renaissance jartists Machiavelli jsaid jthat ja jgood jruler jmust jbe jboth ja j____ jand ja j_____ j- jANS ✓✓ - lion, jfox

approximately jhow jmany jpeople jin jEurope jwere jkilled jby jthe jBubonic jPlague? j- jANS ✓✓ -40 jmillion what jis jan jexample jof jvernacular jliterature? j- jANS ✓✓ -Geoffrey jChaucer's jCanterbury jTales Valois jDynasty j- jANS ✓✓ -The jValois jDynasty jruled jFrance jfrom j 1328 jto j1589. jThe jkings jof jthis jdynasty jcontinued jthe jwork jof junifying jFrance jand jcentralizing jroyal jpower. English jParliament j- jANS ✓✓ -The jEnglish jParliament jwas jthe jlegislature jof jthe jKingdom jof jEngland. jEstablished jin j1300, jit jbegan jas jthe jking's jroyal jcouncil, jbut jevolved jinto ja jsemi-representative jbody jthat jserved jto jhold jEnglish jkings jaccountable jfor jtheir jactions, jand jto jlimit jtheir jeconomic jand jmilitary jpowers. Petrarch j- jANS ✓✓ -Petrarch jwas ja jscholar jand jpoet jof jthe jearly jItalian jRenaissance jperiod. jHe jwas jone jof jthe jearliest jhumanists, jand jwas jthe jfirst jto jdevelop jthe jconcept jof jthe j"Dark jAges." The jEstates jGeneral j- jANS ✓✓ -The jEstates jGeneral, jestablished jin j1302, jwas jthe jsemi-representative jlegislative jassembly jof jthe jthree jclasses j(clergy, jnobles, jand jcommoners) jin jFrance. jIt jhad jno jtrue jpower jand jserved jonly jto jadvise jthe jking. jIt jwas jdissolved jin j1789, jshortly jafter jthe jFrench jRevolution jbegan. Magna jCarta j- jANS ✓✓ -The jMagna jCarta j(also jknown jas jThe jGreat jCharter) jwas jissued jin jthe jyear j1215. jForced jon jKing jJohn jby jhis jfeudal jbarons, jit jlimited jhis jpowers, jprotected jthe jprivileges jof jthe jbarons, jand jguaranteed jcertain jrights j(like jtrial jby jjury) jto jfree jmen jin jEngland. Black jDeath j- jANS ✓✓ -The jBlack jDeath j(also jknown jas jthe jBubonic jPlague) jkilled japproximately j25-40 jmillion jpeople jin jEurope jduring jthe j14th jcentury. jIt jwas jcarried jto jEurope j(from jAsia) jby jfleas jliving jon jrats jthat jwere jregular jpassengers jon jmerchant jships. jIn jaddition jto jthe jenormous jdeath jtoll, jit jcreated ja jseries jof jreligious, jsocial, jand jeconomic jproblems jthat jhad ja jmajor jeffect jon jEuropean jhistory. Anti-Semitism j- jANS ✓✓ -Anti-Semitism j(suspicion jof, jhatred jtoward, jand jdiscrimination jagainst jJews) jrose jsharply jduring jthe jMiddle jAges jin jEurope. jMany jChristians jviewed jthem jas jdishonest, jChrist-killers, jdemonic, jand jsub- human. jAs ja jresult, jthey jwere joften jexpelled, jblamed jfor jepidemics jlike jthe jBubonic jPlague, jforced jto jconvert jto jChristianity, jrequired jto jlive jin jsegregated jcommunities, jtortured, jor jkilled. Reconquista j- jANS ✓✓ -The jReconquista j(or jReconquest) jwas ja jseries jof jmilitary jcampaigns jthat jwere jconducted, jbetween j 790 jand j1492, jon jthe jIberian

jPeninsula j(where jSpain jand jPortugal jare jtoday). jDuring jthis jperiod, jseveral jChristian jkingdoms jgradually jconquered jthe jIslamic jforces jthat jhad joccupied jthe jregion jsince j711. Alhambra jDecree j- jANS ✓✓ -The jAlhambra jDecree jwas jissued jon jMarch j21, j 1492 jby jKing jFerdinand jand jQueen jIsabella, jordering jthe jexpulsion jof jall jJews jwho jlived jin jCastile jand jAragon j(regions jthat jmade jup jmost jof jSpain jat jthe jtime). Bourgeoisie j- jANS ✓✓ -Bourgeoisie jis ja jFrench jterm jthat jrefers jto jthe jwealthy jmiddle jclass jthat jemerged jduring jthe jhigh jand jlate jMiddle jAges. jThis jgroup jwas jmade jup jof jcommoners jwho, jthrough jhard jwork, jsavings, jinvestments, jand ja jnetwork jof jguilds, jbecame jwealthy jand jpowerful. jThey jare jusually jcredited jwith jdeveloping jthe jeconomic jsystem jcalled j"capitalism." The jCanterbury jTales j- jANS ✓✓ -The jCanterbury jTales jis ja jcollection jof jstories jwritten jby jGeoffrey jChaucer jnear jthe jend jof jthe j1300's. jWritten jin jMiddle jEnglish, jthis jwork jis jan jexample jof jthe jnew jvernacular jliterature jthat jwas jbeing jproduced jin jthe jlate jMiddle jAges jand jearly jRenaissance. The jPrince j- jANS ✓✓ -The jPrince, jwritten jin j 1513 jby jNiccolo jMachiavelli, jis ja jpolitical jtreatise jthat jmakes jthe jfollowing jargument: jRulers jare jjustified jin jusing jimmoral jmethods, jas jlong jas jtheir jgoals jare jdesigned jto jbring jglory, jhonour, jand jsecurity jto jthe jnation. Inferno j- jANS ✓✓ -Inferno jis jpart jof jDante jAlighieri's jepic jpoem, jDivine jComedy. jIt jis jan jexample jof jthe juse jof jallegory j(storytelling jdesigned jto jteach ja jmoral jprinciple) jthat jemerged jin jthe jlate jMiddle jAges jand jearly jRenaissance. jIt jis jalso jan jexample jof jthe jnew jvernacular jliterature jof j14th-century jEurope. The jDecameron j- jANS ✓✓ -The jDecameron, jwritten jby jGiovanni jBoccaccio jin jthe jmid-14th jcentury, jis jcollection jof jwitty jstories, jjokes, jallegories, jand jhistorical jinformation jabout jlife jin j14th-century jItaly. The jBattle jof jCrecy j- jANS ✓✓ -The jBattle jof jCrecy jtook jplace jon jAugust j26, j1346, jin jnorthern jFrance. jIt jwas jone jof jthe jmost jsignificant jbattles jof jthe jHundred jYears' jWar jdue jto jthe juse jof jnew jweapons jand jthe jimplementation jof jnew jstrategies. jThe jEnglish jwon, jdespite jbeing joutnumbered jby jFrench jforces. Henry jVII jof jEngland j- jANS ✓✓ -Henry jVII, jof jEngland, jruled jfrom j 1485 jto j1509. jAs jthe jfirst jking jfrom jthe jHouse jof jTudor, jhe jrestored jthe jpower jand jstability jof jthe jEnglish jthrone jafter jthe jWar jof jthe jRoses. jAt jthe jsame jtime, jhowever, jhe jcreated jeconomic jproblems jfor jthe jnation jby joverstepping jhis jlegal jauthority jin jcertain jfinancial jmatters.

Catherine jde jMedici j- jANS ✓✓ -Catherine jde jMedici jwas jan jItalian jnoblewoman jwho jmarried jKing jHenry jII jof jFrance. jShe jis jbest jknown jfor jher jdisdain jof jFrench jProtestants j- jwhich jeventually jled jto jthe jSt. jBartholomew's jDay jMassacre jin j1572. War jof jthe jRoses j- jANS ✓✓ -The jWar jof jthe jRoses j(1455-1485) jwas ja jdynastic jbattle jbetween jthe jEnglish jnoble jhouses jof jLancaster j(symbolized jby ja jred jrose) jand jYork j(symbolized jby ja jwhite jrose). jIn jthe jend, jLancaster jwon, jand jthe jtwo jhouses jwere junited junder jthe jHouse jof jTudor jby jthe jmarriage jof jHenry jVII jand jElizabeth jof jYork. Romanesque jArchitecture j- jANS ✓✓ -Romanesque jArchitecture jwas jthe jdominant jform jof jEuropean jarchitecture jfrom jthe j10th jto jthe jmid-12th- centuries. jIt jis jcharacterized jby jits jthick jwalls, jround jarches, jand jlack jof jnatural jinterior jlighting j(fewer jwindows jthan jGothic jstyle). The jHoly jRoman jEmpire j- jANS ✓✓ -The jHoly jRoman jEmpire jwas ja jconstantly jchanging jcollection jof jsmaller jkingdoms jin jcentral jEurope jthat jstreched jfrom jEastern jFrance jto jAustria-Hungary jand jfrom jcentral jItaly jto jnorthern jGermany. jIt jwas jestablished jin j 800 jwhen jCharlemagne jwas jcrowned jHoly jRoman jEmperor jby jPope jLeo jIII. Leonardo jDa jVinci j- jANS ✓✓ -Leonardo jDa jVinci jwas ja jprolific jartist, jinventor, jand jscholar jof jthe jItalian jRenaissance. jHe jis jmost jfamous jfor jhis jpaintings j(The jLast jSupper, jMona jLisa, jetc.) jand jdrawings, jwhich jwere jgreatly jenhanced jby jhis jstudy jof jhuman jand janimal janatomy. jHe jis jalso jfamous jfor jconceptualizing j(but jnot jinventing) ja jnumber jof jthings j(helicopter, jtank, jflying jmachine, jsolar jcells, jetc). jHe jis joften jdescribed jas jthe jultimate jRenaissance jMan. Michelangelo j- jANS ✓✓ -Michelangelo jwas jone jof jthe jmost jtalented jand jprolific jartists jof jthe jItalian jRenaissance. jHe jis jmost jfamous jfor jhis jpaintings jin jthe jSistine jChapel, jhis jsculpture jof jDavid, jand jfor jdesigning jSt. jPeter's jBasilica. Ferdinand jand jIsabella j- jANS ✓✓ -Ferdinand j& jIsabella jwere jthe jrulers jof j(what jwould jeventually jbecome) jSpain jfrom j 1469 jto j1504. jTheir jmarriage jjoined jthe jnoble jhouses jof jAragon jand jCastile, jlaying jthe jfoundation jfor jthe junification jof jSpain. jThey jwere jresponsible jfor jcompleting jthe jReconquista, jexpelling jthe jJews jfrom jtheir jterritories, jand jfinancing jChristopher jColumbus' j 1492 jvoyage. William jthe jConqueror j- jANS ✓✓ -William jthe jConqueror jwas jthe jDuke jof jNormandy jin jFrance. jBut jin j1066, jafter jhis jsuccessful jinvasion jof jEngland, jhe jbecame jthe jfirst jNorman jKing jof jEngland. jAfter jbecoming jking, jhe jstruggled jto jconsolidate jcontrol jover jhis jnewly jwon jlands jand jthe jbarons jwho jhad jhelped jhim jwin jthem.

The jHundred jYears' jWar j- jANS ✓✓ -The jHundred jYears' jWar jwas ja jlengthy jconflict jbetween jEngland jand jFrance jthat jlasted jfrom j 1337 jto j1453. jIt jwas jfought jover jpolitical jand jeconomic jissues jbetween jthe jtwo jnations, jand jbrought jabout jmany jchanges jin jmilitary jtactics j(a jshift jfrom jheavy jcavalry jto jlight jinfantry) jand jtechnology j(the jEnglish jlongbow jand jincreased juse jof jfirearms). Joan jof jArc j- jANS ✓✓ -Joan jof jArc jwas ja jFrench jpeasant jgirl jwho, jin jthe jearly j1400's, jled jthe jFrench jarmies jin jseveral jsuccessful jbattles jagainst jthe jEnglish jduring jThe jHundred jYears' jWar. jEarlier, jshe jhad jconvinced jthe jFrench jdauphin, jCharles jVII, jthat jGod jhad jcommissioned jher jto jfree jFrance jfrom jthe jEnglish jinvaders jand jhelp jhim j(the jdauphin) jto jbecome jKing jof jFrance. jUltimately, jshe jwas jcaptured, jput jon jtrial, jconvicted jof jwitchcraft jby ja jpro- English jchurch jcourt jin jFrance, jand jburned jat jthe jstake jin j1431. jCharles jVII jmade jno jattempt jto jsave jher. The jAvignon jPapacy j- jANS ✓✓ -The jAvignon jPapacy jwas ja jperiod jin jthe jhistory jof jthe jRoman jCatholic jChurch j(1309-1378) jwhen jthe jheadquarters jof jthe jPope jwas jmoved jfrom jRome jto jAvignon, jFrance. jThis jmove jwas jheavily jinfluenced jby jthe jFrench jCrown. The jHanseatic jLeague j- jANS ✓✓ -The jHanseatic jLeague jwas jan jassociation jof jmerchant jgroups jthat jbanded jtogether jin jorder jto jprotect jtheir jmutual jtrading jinterests. jThey jdominated jcommercial jactivity jin jthe jnorthern jGermanic jand jBaltic jregions jof jEurope jfrom jthe j13th jto jthe j15th jcentury. The jOttoman jEmpire j- jANS ✓✓ -The jOttoman jEmpire jbegan jas ja jsmall jTurkish jstate junder jthe jleadership jof jOsman jBey, jin jnorth-western jAnatolia j(modern- day jTurkey), jin jthe jyear j1299. jEventually, jwith jthe jconquest jof jConstantinople jin j1453, jit jbecame jan jempire. jBy j1590, jit jstretched jfrom jNorth jAfrica jto jBaghdad, jand jfrom jthe jArabian jPeninsula jto jHungary. jAt jthe jend jof jWWI, jhowever, jthe jempire jwas jdismantled. Gothic jArchitecture j- jANS ✓✓ -Gothic jArchitecture jflourished jduring jthe jhigh jand jlate jMiddle jAges. jIt jreplaced jRomanesque jarchitecture jand jwas jsucceeded jby jRenaissance jarchitecture. jIt jis jcharacterized jby jpointed jarches, jribbed jvaults, jflying jbuttresses, jand jan jabundance jof jnatural jinterior jlighting j(due jto jthe jlarge jnumber jof jwindows).