HLTAID004 Provide an emergency first aid response in an education and care setting, Exams of Nursing

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RTO: 41422 | CRICOS: 03590D

HLTAID004 Provide an emergency first aid response in an education and

care setting

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Table of Contents

Allergic reaction and anaphylaxis, including signs, symptoms and triggers and using different types of adrenaline auto injectors ............................................................................................................................. 67

• care setting............................................................................................................ About HLTAID004 Provide an emergency first aid response in an education and
• Industry Standards.................................................................................................
• First Aid in the Workplace.....................................................................................
• The human body...................................................................................................
• Differences between children and adults.............................................................
• Hygiene in first aid...............................................................................................
• DRSABCD..............................................................................................................
• Infection control when performing CPR................................................................
• Interactions and Communication..........................................................................
• Consent................................................................................................................
• Communication.....................................................................................................
• Communication with Parents/ Care giver.............................................................
• Talking with Children............................................................................................
• Manual handling...................................................................................................
• First Aid Procedures..............................................................................................
• Abdominal injuries................................................................................................
• bronchodilators..................................................................................................... Asthma, including signs, symptoms and triggers and using different types of
• Bleeding control...................................................................................................
• Burns....................................................................................................................
• Cardiac conditions, including chest pain..............................................................
• Choking and airway obstruction...........................................................................
• Croup and Epiglottitis............................................................................................
• Crush injuries.......................................................................................................
• Diabetes...............................................................................................................
• Fractures and Dislocations...................................................................................
• Drowning..............................................................................................................
• Bee, wasp and ant................................................................................................
• European wasp.....................................................................................................
• Fire ants................................................................................................................
• Tick.......................................................................................................................
• Spiders.................................................................................................................
• Redback, White–tailed and other spiders.............................................................

3 | P a g e dehydration and heat stroke................................................................................ 97 Eye and ear injuries............................................................................................. 102 Seizures, convulsions, febrile convulsions and epilepsy...................................... 104 Head, neck and spinal injuries............................................................................. 105 Minor skin injuries............................................................................................... 107 Needle stick injuries............................................................................................ 108 Poisoning and toxic substances........................................................................... 108 Respiratory distress.............................................................................................. 111 Shock.................................................................................................................... 111 Soft tissue injuries, including sprains and strains using arm slings, roller bandages or other appropriate immobilisation principles techniques ............................................................................................................................ 112 Stroke.................................................................................................................. 112 Unconsciousness.................................................................................................. 113 Bandages and slings............................................................................................ 115 How to perform CPR............................................................................................ 122 Airway management........................................................................................... 125 Rescue breathing................................................................................................ 127 Chest compressions............................................................................................ 129 Automated external defibrillation........................................................................ 132 Defibrillation........................................................................................................ 134 Recording............................................................................................................. 141 Recognise the possible psychological impacts on rescuers of involvement in critical incidents.............................................................................................................. 149 ASSESSMENT.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Assessment Outcome record.............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

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About HLTAID004 Provide an emergency

first aid response in an education and

care setting

Application This unit describes the skills and knowledge required to provide a first aid response to infants, children and adults. The unit applies to educators and support staff working within an education and care setting who are required to respond to a first aid emergency, including asthmatic and anaphylactic emergencies. This unit of competency may contribute towards approved first aid, asthma and anaphylaxis training under the Education and Care Services National Law, and the Education and Care Services National Regulations (2011). Specific licensing requirements, including requirements for refresher training, should be obtained from the Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA) and/or relevant state/territory Work Health and Safety Regulatory Authority. Elements and Performance Criteria ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Elements define the essential outcomes. Performance criteria specify the level of performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element.

1. Respond to an emergency situation 1.1 Recognise an emergency situation 1.2 Identify, assess and minimise immediate hazards to health and safety of self and others 1.3 Assess the casualty and recognise the need for first aid response 1.4 Assess the situation and seek assistance from emergency response services
2. Apply appropriate emergency first aid procedures 2.1 Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in accordance with Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) guidelines 2.2 Provide first aid in accordance with established first aid principles 2.3 Ensure casualty feels safe, secure and supported 2.4 Obtain consent from casualty, caregiver, registered medical practitioners or medical emergency services where possible 2.5 Use available resources and equipment to make the casualty as comfortable as possible 2.6 Operate first aid equipment according to manufacturer’s instructions 2.7 Monitor the casualty’s condition and respond in accordance with first aid principles

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3. Communicate details of the incident 3.1 Accurately convey details of the incident to emergency response services 3.2 Report details of incident to supervisor 3.3 Complete relevant workplace documentation, including incident report form

6 | P a g e 3.4 Report details of incidents involving babies and children to parents and/or caregivers 3.5 Follow workplace procedures to report serious incidents to the regulatory authority 3.6 Maintain confidentiality of records and information in line with statutory and/or organisational policies

4. Evaluate the incident and own performance 4.1 Recognise the possible psychological impacts on self, other rescuers and children 4.2 Talk with children about their emotions and responses to events 4.3 Participate in debriefing with supervisor Foundation Skills The Foundation Skills describe those required skills (language, literacy, numeracy and employment skills) that are essential to performance. Foundation skills essential to performance are explicit in the performance criteria of this unit of competency. Unit Mapping Information No equivalent unit. Performance Evidence The candidate must show evidence of the ability to complete tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit, manage tasks and manage contingencies in the context of the job role. There must be evidence that the candidate has completed the following tasks in line with state/territory regulations, first aid codes of practice, Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) guidelines and workplace procedures:  Followed DRSABCD in line with ARC guidelines, including:  performed at least 2 minutes of uninterrupted single rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (5 cycles of both compressions and ventilations) on an adult resuscitation manikin placed on the floor  Performed at least 2 minutes of uninterrupted single rescuer CPR (5 cycles both compressions and ventilations) on a child resuscitation manikin placed on the floor  performed at least 2 minutes of uninterrupted single rescuer CPR (5 cycles both compressions and ventilations) on an infant resuscitation manikin placed on a firm surface  responded appropriately in the event of regurgitation or vomiting  managed the unconscious breathing casualty  followed single rescue procedure, including the demonstration of a rotation of operators with minimal interruptions to compressions  followed the prompts of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)  Responded to at least three simulated first aid scenarios contextualised to the candidate’s workplace/community setting, and involving infants and children of varying ages including:  conducted a visual and verbal assessment of the casualty  demonstrated safe manual handling techniques  post-incident debrief and evaluation  provided an accurate verbal and written report of the incident

7 | P a g e  conducted a hazard assessment and identified strategies to minimise risk  Applied first aid procedures for the following:

8 | P a g e  allergic reaction  anaphylaxis  bleeding control  choking and airway obstruction  envenomation, using pressure immobilisation  fractures, sprains and strains, using arm slings, roller bandages or other appropriate immobilisation principles techniques  head injuries  poisoning  respiratory distress, including asthma  seizures & convulsions, including febrile convulsions and epilepsy  shock  Located and interpreted workplace policies and procedures Knowledge Evidence The candidate must be able to demonstrate essential knowledge required to effectively complete tasks outlined in elements and performance criteria of this unit, manage tasks and manage contingencies in the context of the work role. This includes knowledge of:  State/Territory regulations, first aid codes of practice and workplace procedures including:  ARC Guidelines for provision of CPR and first aid to infants, children and adults  guidelines from Australian national peak clinical bodies  safe work practices to minimise risks and potential hazards  first aid requirements for services under the Education and Care Services National Law  infection control principles and procedures, including use of standard precautions  requirements for currency of skill and knowledge  legal, workplace and community considerations, including:  awareness of potential need for stress-management techniques and available support following an emergency situation, including the psychological impact on children  duty of care requirements  respectful behaviour towards a casualty  own skills and limitations  consent, including situations in which parental/caregiver consent is required  privacy and confidentiality requirements  importance of debriefing  considerations when providing first aid including:  airway obstruction due to body position  appropriate duration and cessation of CPR  appropriate use of an AED, including placement of pads for adults and children aged older than 8 years  specific considerations when using an AED on children aged between 1 and 8 years, including identification of AED with paediatric capability, paediatric voltage and use of paediatric pads  chain of survival  standard precautions  how to conduct a visual and verbal assessment of the casualty  principles and procedures for application of first aid management of the following scenarios:

9 | P a g e  abdominal injuries  allergic reaction  anaphylaxis, including signs, symptoms and triggers and using different types of adrenaline auto injectors  asthma, including signs, symptoms and triggers and using different types of bronchodilators  basic care of a wound  bleeding control  burns  cardiac conditions, including chest pain  choking and airway obstruction  crush injuries  diabetes  dislocations  drowning  envenomation  environmental impact, including hypothermia, hyperthermia, dehydration and heat stroke  eye and ear injuries  febrile convulsions  fractures  head, neck and spinal injuries  minor skin injuries  needle stick injuries  poisoning and toxic substances  respiratory distress  seizures, including epilepsy  shock  soft tissue injuries, including sprains and strains  stroke  unconsciousness  basic anatomy and physiology relating to:  how to recognise a person is not breathing normally  chest  infant respiratory systems and implications for provision of CPR  basic anatomical differences between adults and children, and the implications for provision of first aid  normal clinical values for children  response/consciousness  upper airway and effect of positional change

Control hazards in the situation A hazard is a condition or situation that exists with the potential to cause injury or illness. There are numerous types of hazards such as physical, chemical, ergonomic (low chairs, computers placed away from eye level), radiation (X-rays, alpha particles), psychological (shiftwork, repetitive tasks) and biological (HIV, hepatitis). In this topic we will concentrate mainly on physical hazards in the workplace. A physical hazard is something that you can see that poses a risk to your health or your safety as well as to the health and safety of others. Types of physical hazards There are different types of physical hazards. These can include the following:    floor    excessive noise high or low temperatures anything that can cause slips, trips and falls, for example a wet floor, cords lying on the mechanical, for example, poor lighting electrical, for example frayed wires. layout of the workplace, for example, high shelves poorly-designed work stations 10 | P a g e

Industry Standards

Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC)^1 The Australian Resuscitation Council is a voluntary coordinating body that creates uniformity and standardisation for resuscitation techniques and for the provision of first aid. They develop guidelines for the provision of CPR and first aid. The guidelines can be viewed on their website: resus.org.au/guidelines Section 8 cover cardiopulmonary resuscitation. First aid Code of Practice Codes of Practice are practical guides to achieving the standards of health, safety and welfare required under the Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act and the relevant WHS Regulations in a jurisdiction. An approved Code of Practice applies to anyone who has a duty of care in the circumstances described in the code. Note – A Code of Practice deals with particular issues and does not cover all hazards or risks that may arise. Therefore, health and safety duties also require duty holders to consider all risks associated with work, not only those for which Codes of Practice cover. The ‘FIRST AID IN THE WORKPLACE’ Code of Practice has been developed by Safe Work Australia and approved under the WHS ACT as a model Code of Practice for providing first aid safely in the workplace. For further information go to: safeworkaustralia.gov.au Learning basic first aid techniques can help you cope with an emergency. You may be able to keep a person breathing, reduce their pain or minimise the consequences of injury or sudden illness until an ambulance arrives. This could mean the difference between life and death for them. (^1) Source: Queensland Government, as at https://bookings.qld.gov.au/services/firstaid, as on 13 th (^) March, 2017.

11 | P a g e  equipment in the workplace, for example, faulty equipment. What hazards do you see as you walk around your workplace or even in your own home? Perhaps you see:  a chair with a wobbly leg  a frayed electrical cord  a floor mat with the corner turned up  a table with a sharp edge  a rusty nail sticking out of a fence. Types of physical hazards and how they can affect you Let’s revisit the examples of physical hazards listed above. Ask yourself, could these hazards cause injury or sickness? The answer is yes, they could. Take each example above and think of how each hazard could cause harm to you. Did you come up with the answers below?  If you sat on a chair with a wobbly leg the chair could break, and you could fall off the chair and hurt yourself.  If you used a frayed electrical cord, you could be electrocuted and cause serious harm to your body, particularly your heart.  You could trip over the corner of the floor mat causing you to fall and injure yourself, perhaps breaking a bone or twisting your ankle.  You could scratch yourself walking past a table with a sharp edge.  You could puncture yourself with the rusty nail sticking out of a drawer. Physical hazards cannot only cause injuries, they can also cause sickness. For example, poor lighting or lack of ventilation in the workplace can cause headaches or sickness. These conditions can lead you to feel tired and to become unproductive in your job and, ultimately, you could make mistakes which could possibly cause further injuries to yourself or others. Education and Care Services National Regulations^2 The Education and Care Services National Law and subsequently the Education and Care Services National Regulations stipulate how providers within the Education sector must operate. Below are points from the National Regulations related to First Aid in the Education and Care sector. (^2) Source: NSW Government, as at http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/regulation/2011/653, as on 15th March, 2017.

12 | P a g e 85 Incident, injury, trauma and illness policies and procedures The incident, injury, trauma and illness policies and procedures of an education and care service required under regulation 168 must include procedures to be followed by nominated supervisors and staff members of, and volunteers at, the service in the event that a child— (a) is injured; or (b) becomes ill; or (c) suffers a trauma. 86 Notification to parents of incident, injury, trauma and illness The approved provider of an education and care service must ensure that a parent of a child being educated and cared for by the service is notified as soon as practicable, but not later than 24 hours after the occurrence, if the child is involved in any incident, injury, trauma or illness while the child is being educated and cared for by the education and care service. Penalty: $2000. 87 Incident, injury, trauma and illness record (1) The approved provider of an education and care service must ensure that an incident, injury, trauma and illness record is kept in accordance with this regulation. (2) A family day care educator must keep an incident, injury, trauma and illness record in accordance with this regulation. (3) The incident, injury, trauma and illness record must include— (a) details of any incident in relation to a child or injury received by a child or trauma to which a child has been subjected while being educated and cared for by the education and care service or the family day care educator, including— (i) the name and age of the child; and (ii) the circumstances leading to the incident, injury or trauma; and (iii) the time and date the incident occurred, the injury was received or the child was subjected to the trauma; (b) details of any illness which becomes apparent while the child is being educated and cared for by the education and care service or the family day care educator including— (i) the name and age of the child; and (ii) the relevant circumstances surrounding the child becoming ill and any apparent symptoms; and (iii) the time and date of the apparent onset of the illness; (c) details of the action taken by the education and care service or family day care educator in relation to any incident, injury, trauma or illness which a child has suffered while being educated and cared for by the education and care service or family day care educator, including— (i) any medication administered or first aid provided; and (ii) any medical personnel contacted; (d) details of any person who witnessed the incident, injury or trauma; (e) the name of any person—

13 | P a g e (i) whom the education and care service notified or attempted to notify, of any incident, injury, trauma or illness which a child has suffered while being educated and cared for by the education and care service or family day care educator; and (ii) the time and date of the notifications or attempted notifications; (f) the name and signature of the person making an entry in the record, and the time and date that the entry was made. (4) The information referred to in subregulation (3) must be included in the incident, injury, trauma and illness record as soon as practicable, but not later than 24 hours after the incident, injury or trauma, or the onset of the illness. 88 Infectious diseases (1) If there is an occurrence of an infectious disease at an education and care service, the approved provider of the service must ensure that reasonable steps are taken to prevent the spread of the infectious disease at the service. Penalty: $2000. (2) If there is an occurrence of an infectious disease at a centre-based service, the approved provider of the service must ensure that a parent or an authorised emergency contact of each child being educated and cared for by the service is notified of the occurrence as soon as practicable. Penalty: $2000. (3) If there is an occurrence of an infectious disease at a family day care residence or approved family day care venue, the approved provider of the family day care service must ensure that a parent or an authorised emergency contact of each child being educated and cared for at the residence or venue as part of the service is notified of the occurrence as soon as practicable. Penalty: $2000. 89 First aid kits (1) The approved provider of an education and care service must ensure that first aid kits are kept in accordance with this subregulation, wherever the service is providing education and care to children— (a) an appropriate number of first aid kits must be kept having regard to the number of children being educated and cared for by the service; and (b) the first aid kits must be suitably equipped; and (c) the first aid kits must be easily recognisable and readily accessible to adults, having regard to the design of the education and care service premises. Penalty: $2000. (2) A family day care educator must keep a first aid kit that is suitably equipped, easily recognisable and readily accessible to adults wherever the educator is educating and caring for children as part of a family day care service. Penalty: $2000. Note. A compliance direction may be issued for failure to comply with subregulation (1).

14 | P a g e 90 Medical conditions policy (1) The medical conditions policy of the education and care service must set out practices in relation to the following— (a) the management of medical conditions, including asthma, diabetes or a diagnosis that a child is at risk of anaphylaxis; (b) informing the nominated supervisor and staff members of, and volunteers at, the service of practices in relation to managing those medical conditions; (c) the requirements arising if a child enrolled at the education and care service has a specific health care need, allergy or relevant medical condition, including— (i) requiring a parent of the child to provide a medical management plan for the child; and (ii) requiring the medical management plan to be followed in the event of an incident relating to the child’s specific health care need, allergy or relevant medical condition; and (iii) requiring the development of a risk-minimisation plan in consultation with the parents of a child— (A) to ensure that the risks relating to the child’s specific health care need, allergy or relevant medical condition are assessed and minimised; and (B) if relevant, to ensure that practices and procedures in relation to the safe handling, preparation, consumption and service of food are developed and implemented; and (C) if relevant, to ensure that practices and procedures to ensure that the parents are notified of any known allergens that pose a risk to a child and strategies for minimising the risk are developed and implemented; and (D) to ensure that practices and procedures ensuring that all staff members and volunteers can identify the child, the child’s medical management plan and the location of the child’s medication are developed and implemented; and (E) if relevant, to ensure that practices and procedures ensuring that the child does not attend the service without medication prescribed by the child’s medical practitioner in relation to the child’s specific health care need, allergy or relevant medical condition are developed and implemented; and (iv) requiring the development of a communications plan to ensure that— (A) relevant staff members and volunteers are informed about the medical conditions policy and the medical management plan and risk minimisation plan for the child; and (B) a child’s parent can communicate any changes to the medical management plan and risk minimisation plan for the child, setting out how that communication can occur. (2) The medical conditions policy of the education and care service must set out practices in relation to self-administration of medication by children over preschool age if the service permits that self-administration. (3) In subregulation (2), the practices must include any practices relating to recording in the medication record for a child of notifications from the child

15 | P a g e that medication has been self- administered.

16 | P a g e 91 Medical conditions policy to be provided to parents The approved provider of an education and care service must ensure that a copy of the medical conditions policy document is provided to the parent of a child enrolled at an education and care service if the provider is aware that the child has a specific health care need, allergy or other relevant medical condition. Note. A compliance direction may be issued for failure to comply with this regulation. 92 Medication record (1) The approved provider of an education and care service must ensure that a medication record is kept that includes the details set out in subregulation (3) for each child to whom medication is or is to be administered by the service. (2) A family day care educator must keep a medication record that includes the details set out in subregulation (3) for each child being educated and cared for by the educator as part of a family day care service to whom medication is or is to be administered. (3) The details to be recorded are— (a) the name of the child; (b) the authorisation to administer medication (including, if applicable, self- administration), signed by a parent or a person named in the child’s enrolment record as authorised to consent to administration of medication; (c) the name of the medication to be administered; (d) the time and date the medication was last administered; (e) the time and date, or the circumstances under which, the medication should be next administered; (f) the dosage of the medication to be administered; (g) the manner in which the medication is to be administered; (h) if the medication is administered to the child— (i) the dosage that was administered; and (ii) the manner in which the medication was administered; and (iii) the time and date the medication was administered; and (iv) the name and signature of the person who administered the medication; and (v) if another person is required under regulation 95 to check the dosage and administration, the name and signature of that person. 93 Administration of medication (1) The approved provider of an education and care service must ensure that medication is not administered to a child being educated and cared for by the service unless— (a) that administration is authorised; and (b) the medication is administered in accordance with regulation 95 or 96. Penalty: $2000.

17 | P a g e (2) The approved provider of an education and care service must ensure that written notice is given to a parent or other family member of a child as soon as practicable, if medication is administered to the child under an authorisation referred to in subregulation (5)(b). Penalty: $1000. (3) The nominated supervisor of an education and care service must ensure that medication is not administered to a child being educated and cared for by the service unless— (a) that administration is authorised; and (b) the medication is administered in accordance with regulation 95 or 96. Penalty: $2000. (4) A family day care educator must ensure that medication is not administered to a child being educated and cared for by the educator as part of a family day care service unless— (a) that administration is authorised; and (b) the medication is administered in accordance with regulation 95 or 96. Penalty: $2000. (5) In this regulation the administration of medication to a child is authorised if an authorisation to administer the medication— (a) is recorded in the medication record for that child under regulation 92; or (b) in the case of an emergency, is given verbally by— (i) a parent or a person named in the child’s enrolment record as authorised to consent to administration of medication; or (ii) if a parent or person named in the enrolment record cannot reasonably be contacted in the circumstances, a registered medical practitioner or an emergency service. 94 Exception to authorisation requirement—anaphylaxis or asthma emergency (1) Despite regulation 93, medication may be administered to a child without an authorisation in case of an anaphylaxis or asthma emergency. (2) If medication is administered under this regulation, the approved provider or nominated supervisor of the education and care service or family day care educator must ensure that the following are notified as soon as practicable— (a) a parent of the child; (b) emergency services. 95 Procedure for administration of medication Subject to regulation 96, if medication is administered to a child being educated and cared for by an education and care service— (a) the medication must be administered— (i) if the medication has been prescribed by a registered medical practitioner, from its original container, bearing the original label with the name of the child to whom the medication is to be administered, and before the expiry or use by date; or (ii) from its original container, bearing the original label and instructions and before the expiry or use by date; and

18 | P a g e (b) the medication must be administered in accordance with any instructions— (i) attached to the medication; or (ii) any written or verbal instructions provided by a registered medical practitioner; and (c) except in the case of a family day care service or an education and care service that is permitted to have only 1 educator to educate and care for children, the following must be checked by a person other than the person administering the medication— (i) the dosage of the medication to be administered; (ii) the identity of the child to whom the medication is to be administered. 96 Self-administration of medication The approved provider of an education and care service may permit a child over preschool age to self-administer medication if— (a) an authorisation for the child to self-administer medication is recorded in the medication record for the child under regulation 92; and (b) the medical conditions policy of the service includes practices for self- administration of medication. 136 First aid qualifications (1) The approved provider of a centre-based service must ensure that the following persons are in attendance at any place where children are being educated and cared for by the service, and immediately available in an emergency, at all times that children are being educated and cared for by the service— (a) at least one educator who holds a current approved first aid qualification; (b) at least one educator who has undertaken current approved anaphylaxis management training; (c) at least one educator who has undertaken current approved emergency asthma management training. Penalty: $2000. (2) If children are being educated and cared for at service premises on the site of a school, it is sufficient for the purposes of subregulation (1) if the following are in attendance at the school site and immediately available in an emergency — (a) an educator referred to in subregulation (1)(a) or at least one staff member of the school who holds a current approved first aid qualification; (b) an educator referred to in subregulation (1)(b) or at least one staff member of the school who has undertaken current approved anaphylaxis management training; (c) an educator referred to in subregulation (1)(c) or at least one staff member of the school who has undertaken current approved emergency asthma management training. (3) The approved provider of a family day care service must ensure that each family day care educator and family day care educator assistant engaged by or registered with the service—

19 | P a g e (a) holds a current approved first aid qualification; and

20 | P a g e (b) has undertaken current approved anaphylaxis management training; and (c) has undertaken current approved emergency asthma management training. Penalty: $2000. (4) The same person may hold one or more of the qualifications set out in subregulation (1). (5) In this regulation— approved anaphylaxis management training means anaphylaxis management training approved by the National Authority in accordance with Division 7; approved emergency asthma management training means emergency asthma management training approved by the National Authority in accordance with Division 7; approved first aid qualification means a qualification that— (a) includes training in the following that relates to and is appropriate to children— (i) emergency life support and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation; (ii) convulsions; (iii) poisoning; (iv) respiratory difficulties; (v) management of severe bleeding; (vi) injury and basic wound care; (vii) administration of an auto-immune adrenalin device; and (b) has been approved by the National Authority in accordance with Division 7. 245 Person taken to hold approved first aid qualification (1) This regulation applies if— (a) immediately before the scheme commencement day, a person held a first aid qualification or had completed first aid training that met the requirements under the former education and care services law of a participating jurisdiction for first aid qualifications or training for educators; and (b) that qualification or training is not included in the list of approved first aid qualifications and training programs published under regulation 137(1)(e). (2) The person is taken to hold an approved first aid qualification within the meaning of regulation 136(5) on and from the scheme commencement day until the earlier of the following— (a) 31 December 2012; or (b) the date on which the training or qualification is, or would have been, required to be renewed or updated under the requirements of the qualification or the training or the former education and care services law. Note The date specified in subregulation (2)(a) does not apply in Western Australia. The applicable date in Western Australia is 31 July 2013—see regulation 245(2) (a) of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2012 of Western Australia. 246 Anaphylaxis training

21 | P a g e (1) This regulation applies in a participating jurisdiction if, immediately before the scheme commencement day, the former education and care services law or the education law of that jurisdiction did not require the attendance at an education and care service of an educator trained in anaphylaxis management. (2) Regulations 136(1)(b) and 136(3)(b) do not apply in relation to that service before 1 January 2013. Note The date specified in subregulation (2) does not apply in Western Australia. The applicable date in Western Australia is 1 August 2013—see regulation 246(2) of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2012 of Western Australia. 247 Asthma management training (1) This regulation applies in a participating jurisdiction if, immediately before the scheme commencement day, the former education and care services law or the education law of that jurisdiction did not require the attendance at an education and care service of an educator trained in asthma management. (2) Regulations 136(1)(c) and 136(3)(c) do not apply in relation to that service before 1 January 2013. Note The date specified in subregulation (2) does not apply in Western Australia. The applicable date in Western Australia is 1 August 2013—see regulation 247(2) of the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2012 of Western Australia.

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First Aid in the Workplace.....................................................................................

Providing immediate and effective first aid to workers or others who have been injured or become ill at the workplace may reduce the severity of the injury or illness and promote recovery. In some cases it could mean the difference between life and death. The meaning of key terms First aid is the immediate treatment or care given to a person suffering from an injury or illness until more advanced care is provided or the person recovers. First aider is a person who has successfully completed a nationally accredited training course or an equivalent level of training that has given them the competencies required to administer first aid. First aid equipment includes first aid kits and other equipment used to treat injuries and illnesses.

23 | P a g e First aid facilities include first aid rooms, health centres, clean water supplies and other facilities needed for administering first aid. High risk workplace means a workplace where workers are exposed to hazards that could result in serious injury or illness and would require first aid. Examples of workplaces that may be considered high risk are ones in which workers:  use hazardous machinery (for example, mobile plant, chainsaws, power presses and lathes)  use hazardous substances (for example, chemical manufacture, laboratories, horticulture, petrol stations and food manufacturing)  are at risk of falls that could result in serious injury (for example, construction and stevedoring)  carry out hazardous forms of work (for example, working in confined spaces, welding, demolition, electrical work and abrasive blasting)  are exposed to the risk of physical violence (for example, working alone at night, cash handling or having customers who are frequently physically aggressive)  work in or around extreme heat or cold (for example, foundries and prolonged outdoor work in extreme temperatures). Low risk workplace means a workplace where workers are not exposed to hazards that could result in serious injury or illness such as offices, shops or libraries. Potential work-related injuries and illnesses requiring first aid would be minor in nature. Who has health and safety duties in relation to first aid? A person conducting a business or undertaking has the primary duty under the WHS Act to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that workers and other persons are not exposed to health and safety risks arising from the business or undertaking. The WHS Regulations place specific obligations on a person conducting a business or undertaking in relation to first aid, including requirements to:  provide first aid equipment and ensure each worker at the workplace has access to the equipment  ensure access to facilities for the administration of first aid  ensure that an adequate number of workers are trained to administer first aid at the workplace or that workers have access to an adequate number of other people who have been trained to administer first aid. A person conducting a business or undertaking may not need to provide first aid equipment or facilities if these are already provided by another duty holder at the workplace and they are adequate and easily accessible at the times that the workers carry out work. Officers, such as company directors, have a duty to exercise due diligence to ensure that the business or undertaking complies with the WHS Act and Regulations. This includes taking reasonable steps to ensure that the business or undertaking has and uses appropriate resources and processes to eliminate or minimise risks to health and safety. Workers have a duty to take reasonable care for their own health and safety and must not adversely affect the health and safety of other persons. Workers must comply with any reasonable

S. 47: A person conducting a business or undertaking must consult, so far as is reasonably practicable, with workers who carry out work for the business or undertaking who are (or likely to be) directly affected by a work health and safety matter. S. 48: If the workers are represented by a health and safety representative, the consultation must involve that representative. S. 46: A person conducting a business or undertaking must consult, co-operate and co-ordinate activities with all other persons who have a work health or safety duty in relation to the same matter, so far as is reasonably practicable. 24 | P a g e instruction and cooperate with any reasonable policy or procedure relating to health and safety at the workplace, such as procedures for first aid and for reporting injuries and illnesses. What is required in providing first aid? First aid requirements will vary from one workplace to the next, depending on the nature of the work, the type of hazards, the workplace size and location, as well as the number of people at the workplace. These factors must be taken into account when deciding what first aid arrangements need to be provided. This Code provides information on using a risk management approach to tailor first aid that suits the circumstances of your workplace, while also providing guidance on the number of first aid kits, their contents and the number of trained first aiders that are appropriate for some types of workplaces. The risk management approach involves the following four steps (summarised in Appendix A):  identifying hazards that could result in work-related injury or illness  assessing the type, severity and likelihood of injuries and illness  providing the appropriate first aid equipment, facilities and training  reviewing your first aid requirements on a regular basis or as circumstances change. Guidance on the general risk management process is available in the Code of Practice: How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks. Consulting your workers Consultation involves sharing of information, giving workers a reasonable opportunity to express views and taking those views into account before making decisions on health and safety matters. You must consult your workers when making decisions about what facilities are needed, including those required for administering first aid. Consultation should include:  the number, location and contents of first aid kits and other equipment  the type of first aid facilities that may be needed  first aid procedures  the number of first aiders. Consulting, co-operating and co-ordinating activities with other duty holders

25 | P a g e Sometimes you may have responsibility for health and safety together with other business operators who are involved in the same activities or who share the same workplace. In these situations, you should communicate with each other to find out who is doing what and work together in a co-operative and co- ordinated way so that all risks are eliminated or minimised so far as is reasonably practicable. For example, if you provide labour hire workers as part of your business you have a duty of care as well as the host business. In these situations, you must discuss the hazards and risks associated with the work and ensure the host business has appropriate first aid arrangements that your workers can access. If you share your workplace with other businesses that have workers trained in administering first aid, you may be able to ensure that your workers have access to them instead of training your own workers. In these circumstances, it will be necessary to:  consult the other business operators to work out what first aid arrangements are needed  co-operate with each other in sharing first aid equipment and facilities  co-ordinate access to the first aiders. Further guidance on consultation is available in the Code of Practice: Work Health and Safety Consultation, Co-operation and Co-ordination. Minimising immediate risk There’s not much point identifying and reporting a chair with a broken leg if that chair is going to remain where it is. We need to take a further step and minimise the immediate risk by removing the chair to prevent people from sitting on it and falling over. A risk is the probability of a hazard that results in injury or illness. We need to ask ourselves how likely it is that this particular situation could occur and how serious it could be? Types of immediate risks Generally, risks may include:  worksite equipment, furniture machinery and substances  environmental risks  bodily fluids  further injury to the casualty. If you see a frayed electrical cord, this should alert you to the possibility that somebody could be electrocuted if they used it. This is very likely (high risk) and immediate action should be taken, such as removing the cord, thus prohibiting its use. Let’s look at the following example: You are asked by your supervisor to clean the glass on the photocopier machine