HLTH 1030 Knowledge Questions HLTENN008, Exams of Nursing

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1. Briefly explain how the following legal and ethical considerations relevant to the nursing profession are applied in nursing practice in your State/Territory. a) Children in the workplace: Children should be ensured no matter what, particularly at the working environment in nursing practice. One must experience the appropriate criminal screening, rigorous screening like DSCI and Working with children check (WWCC) in nursing practice to ensure the safety of the children in South Australia. b) International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia): Code of ethics is a bunch of ethical rules which act as a guidance to practice morally. The code traces the obligation to regard, promote and protect the fundamental rights of the individuals in a nursing profession. Code of ethics for nurses is applied similarly to everybody in the nursing profession in Australia. It features the significant administration and clinical practices that ought to be used to enhance the quality of care, obligations that should be dealt with by nurses and the qualities that nurses ought to have in their nursing practice (NMBA 2020). c) Code of Conduct for Nurses including professional boundaries (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia): The Code of conduct for nurses arranges the legal prerequisites, professional manners and conduct anticipations for nurses in entire practice settings in Australia (NMBA 2020). As per the code of conduct, nurses must have regard for the beliefs, culture and the dignity of the person who is receiving care. Nurses ought to give sufficient and precise data identifying with their care and the medical care things. d) Codes of practice (e.g. workplace health and safety, codes of practice or compliance codes): A Code of practice gives concrete direction to individuals who have work health and safety duty of care in the conditions depicted in the code. These codes do not supplant the WHS laws however give direction on best practice measures for specific kinds of dangers, how to accomplish the norms needed under the Act, and powerful approaches to distinguish and oversee risks (SafeWork SA n.d.). Nurses confront various dangers consistently when they are dealing with various patients. Subsequently, the codes of practice aids to escort the nurses in handling all the risks in a protected way without risking the health and safety of their patients. e) Continuing professional education opportunities and mandatory CPD requirements for nurses: Continuing professional education gives occasions to nurses to keep up, improve just as expand the acquaintance, aptitudes and competence which could help them in building up their personal and professional qualities. CPD is significant for all experts in the medical services industry since it helps in instilling and growing new aptitudes to the nurses as a method of assisting them to stay update with the changing patterns and practices in the business. Nurses must achieve twenty hours of proceeding with specific guidance yearly to be qualified for CPD revalidation and this must be adequate to the nurse’s scope of practice (NMBA 2018). f) Direct and indirect discrimination and its implications in nursing practice:

Direct discrimination alludes to when an individual is treated unjustifiably just in light of the fact that they are of dissimilar religion, race, age, or gender. Indirect discrimination occurs when there is an approach or maybe practices that applies to

everyone in precisely the same technique, however it is unjustifiable and furthermore terribly affect various individuals contrasted with others. The fundamental ramifications of discrimination in nursing practice is that the discriminated party frequently turns out to be mentally troubled. g) Duty of care of an enrolled nurse: Duty of care of an enrolled nurse comprises of the moral and lawful commitments of them to aid keep the people ensured out of any kind of damage or injury and permit them to have proper consideration according to their requirements. The enrolled nurse should give care to the patient in a way with the end goal that there is no further mischief done on the patient. h) Equal employment opportunity (EEO): The objective of equal employment opportunity is advancing equity in work for all South Australians. Discrimination is illegitimate implying that employers can't discriminate workers on the basis of gender, age, disability, intersex status and race (EOC SA 2020). This is an administration started strategy that advocates for the arrangement of equivalent possibilities/openings in the medical services industry with regards to offering work openings. i) Human rights including access to healthcare: Human rights to utilize medical care implies everybody has option to possibly the most noteworthy achievable necessities of physical and furthermore psychological health which is comprised of access to all health services administrations. Each person has the right and opportunity to get to and use medical care services of the superior quality with no type of discrimination. j) Informed consent: Informed agree alludes to the capacity of a patient to comprehend the diverse operations that they should experience, their advantages along with their dangers and results, and have the option to settle on their own clinical decisions with no type of outside power, for example, intimidation. Consent should consistently be recorded in writing and be endorsed by the patient as having perceived what is expected of them and what will happen to them. Additionally, if a patient can't adequately settle on such clinical choices, a third individual is legitimately allowed a power of attorney and should be fit for settling on such clinical choices. k) Professional indemnity insurance arrangements for enrolled nurses: Professional indemnity insurance (PII) plans implies courses of action that protect for the nurse's professional practice, protection against common obligation brought about by, or misfortune emerging from, a claim that is made because of a careless performance, mistake or exclusion in the conduct of the nurse. Under the National Law, nurses ought not to practice the profession where they are enrolled except if they hold suitable PII plans comparable to their practice (NMBA 2017). This specific protection comprises of cover for genuine articulations for reimbursement along with the costs related with their training. PII guarantees that all nurses in the medical care industry are given protection benefits that give them lawful security from any obligation in the form of costs or compensation bundles for patients that may emerge over the span of discharging care services to the patients.

l) Public liability insurance arrangements for enrolled nurses: Public liability insurance helps the enrolled nurses in protecting them out of the damage or perhaps the cost of occurrences which could occur in their work environment. At times, even nurses commit errors throughout their nursing profession, and as a general rule,

these slip-ups could prompt more injury on the patient. Such errors incorporate incorrect diagnosis, inappropriate treatment of wounds, or general patient carelessness. The public liability insurance arrangements guarantee that enrolled nurses are covered from such costs or expenses. m) Life and death issues:

• Power of attorney: Power of attorney alludes to a legal document that permits express approval to the third party individual, the authority to settle on clinical choices on behalf of the patient when they cannot accomplish for their own (EQUALS International 2020, HLTENN008Powerpoint No. 29).
• Living wills and advanced directives (advanced care plan): Advance directive is an authoritative record, (for example, a living will) endorsed by a skillful individual to give direction to clinical and medical services choices, (for example, the end of life support or organ donation) in the occasion the individual gets unable to settle on such choices (Merriam- Webster n.d.).
• Guardianship (guardian of property and person): The government, via the court system, has the authority to delegate a legitimate guardian for a minor or grown-up who is incompetent for decision making. It is, hence, the obligation of the legitimate guardian to protect the interests of the minor or grown-up that they have been designated to take care of. n) Mandatory reporting (provide examples from a nursing context): Mandatory reporting alludes to the lawful necessity of specific gatherings of individuals to report a sensible conviction of child physical or sexual abuse to the child protection authorities (State Government of Victoria 2020). Under the National law, healthcare professionals ought to have obligations of mandatory reporting. Inside the nursing setting, such a maltreatment which may be physical, mental, physiological and carelessness is really the issues where mandatory reporting is must for the protection of the health. Medical care experts are needed to advance the health status of the patient that they are allocated. o) Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia nursing practice guidelines, standards and fact sheets:
• Enrolled nurse standards for practice: Enrolled nurse should adhere to the standards for practice which are referenced beneath (NMBA 2017): ➢ Works as per the law, strategies and techniques influencing EN practice ➢ Works on nursing in a manner that guarantees the rights, secrecy, nobility and regard of individuals are maintained ➢ Acknowledges responsibility and obligation regarding own activities ➢ Deciphers data from a scope of sources to add to arranging suitable care ➢ Works together with the RN, the individual accepting care and the medical care group when creating plans of care ➢ Offers expert and sensible care to individuals while advancing their autonomy and association in care decision making ➢ Conveys and uses documentation to notify and report care ➢ Gives nursing care that is up-to-date by research proof

➢ Practices inside safety and quality improvement rules and principles ➢ Takes part in progressing advancement of self as an expert

• Professional practice guidelines (by NMBA): Professional practice guidelines incorporate notifying a National Board about the place that you are practicing. Each and every registered healthcare professionals must provide data to National Board about precisely where they practice under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law so as to maintain their profession (NMBA 2020).
• Decision-making framework (DMF) including the nursing flowchart (Reference: National framework for the development of decision-making tools for nursing and midwifery practice): DMF is a proof based directory which is used regarding rules and codes for practice, policies, standards along with laws associated with nurses and midwives. The reason for the DMF is to direct decision- making with regards to the scope of practice and allocation and to encourage decision making which is predictable, safe, individual focused/lady focused, and proof based. DMF guarantees that the quality of medical care services offered by nurses and midwives is of high caliber and very much valued by the individuals from the network. The nursing flowchart will aid the nurses in decision making consistently under various conditions and afterward define the progressions to perform with the course of time to satisfy the prosperity of the society (NMBA 2020).
• Re-entry to practice: It is a strategy which is appropriate for people who are truly holding general or possibly have held previous registration as a nurse or maybe midwife in Australia and are in fact trying to come-in clinical and non-clinical method however inadequate to satisfy the requests of Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia Registration standards. It includes those individuals that have had a gap of practice of five or perhaps more than five years, held non-practising registration for five or over years and are not, at this point on the register (NMBA 2019).
• Registration guidelines (NMBA guidelines for registration standards): To have the opportunity to practice as nurses and midwives, they ought to need to register with the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). Under the National scheme, from 2012, registration renewal dates for the profession of nursing and midwifery is 31 May of every year (ANMF 2020). Additionally, they ought to satisfy a few of the requests for the registration which include their criminal history, recency of practice, English language abilities, public and indemnity insurance arrangements, and continuing professional development (NMBA 2017).
• Recency of practice fact sheet: Recency of practice implies that a nurse or midwife has kept a sufficient association with, and late practice in the profession/s since meeting all requirements for, or acquiring registration. For recency of practice, nurses and midwives ought to give the confirmation that they have trained for a time of at least 450 hours during the past 5 years which relates to both clinical and non- clinical practice roles and furthermore, they have to provide service statement from their employers, payslips, yearly pay proclamation alongside different papers having hours as well as the date that had worked (NMBA 2019). p) Privacy and confidentiality: Confidentiality is a basic prerequisite for nurses and this is expressed in the Nursing and Midwifery Board of

Australia (NMBA) Code of professional conduct for nurses (2018) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of ethics for nurses (2012). It is within the policy to help keep the health data of the patient secured and private. All data given by the patient should be saved and prohibited to access by unapproved outsiders. Nurses are not allowed to share the information with the third party without the consent of patient and if the nurse

shares private patent data, the patient is legitimately qualified for sue for infringement of the privacy and confidentiality agreement. q) Disclosure of health information: It is illegitimate for each medical care supplier to make utilize or unveil the health information of any person to another person, however, in specific conditions, it is important to reveal it for the benefit of the person, for example, if the life of the patient is critical, the nurse is obliged to impart this data to the other clinical professionals with an end goal to save the life of the patient. Likewise, health data might be uncovered to pre-affirmed outsiders if the patient has been referred to as the third part expert. r) Policy frameworks for nursing practice (NMBA policies): Policy frameworks for nursing practice delineate an apparition for safe and quality care and establish the activities expected to meet this apparition. The policy framework is set up as a method of guaranteeing that the degree of care given to the patients is secure and of high caliber along with meeting the vision and objectives of the healthcare facility. The system sets out three ideas which incorporate customer focused consideration, driven by data and coordinated for security. To utilize the structure in the nursing practice, it must be used as the establishment of security, the operational safety, offer a procedure for redeploying current assignments for security, and articulating goals and quality enhancement for the improvement of health care service. The frameworks should likewise be utilized to audit all investigation that has been conducted over the previous years as a method of attempting to advance the safety of the patients along with the nurses (NMBA 2020). s) Social media policy (Include in your response the potential implications this has on ethics, professionalism and nursing in the health care environment): Social media policy gives a few rules which help the enrolled health expert in comprehending as well as meeting the obligations when utilizing social media. To satisfy those commitments, nurses must conform to commitments of privacy and confidentiality, keeping up specific limits, not contributing any off-base data. Wrong use of social networking can result in harm to people and the profession. Harm might be comprised of a breach of privacy, maligning of managers, breaking persistent expert limits. (NMBA 2019). t) Ethical decision-making models (identify and discuss two (2) models): An ethical decision-making model is an instrument that can be utilized by medical services suppliers to help build up the capacity to thoroughly consider an ethical predicament and show up at an ethical judgement (Beemsterboer 2020). The two moral dynamic models are:

1. PLUS Ethical Decision-Making Model: PLUS Ethical Decision-Making Model is one of the most utilized and generally referred to ethical models. To make an unmistakable and durable way to deal with actualizing an answer for a moral issue; the model is set such that it gives the pioneer "ethical channels" to decide. The letters in PLUS each represent a channel that pioneers can use for making decisions: P – Policies and Procedures: Is the choice in accordance with the

approaches spread out by the organization? L – Legal: Will this disregard any legitimate boundaries or guidelines?

U – Universal: How can this identify with the qualities and standards set up for the association to work? Is it in line with basic beliefs and the organization culture? S – Self: Does it fulfil my guidelines of reasonableness and equity? No model is awesome, yet this is a standard method to consider four indispensable segments that have a significant ethical effect (Beemsterboer 2020).

2. Character-Based Decision-Making Model : The character-based decision- making model was created by specialists at the Josephson Institute of Ethics. It gives a system that can be utilized to choose whether a choice is ethically and morally stable (CFI n.d.). It very well may be applied to numerous normal issues and can likewise be utilized by most people confronting moral predicaments. It includes three stages (Mintz 2016): a) All judgements should consider and mirror a concern for the interests and prosperity of every single influenced person ("stakeholders"). b) Moral qualities and standards consistently overshadow non-ethical ones. c) It is ethically appropriate to disregard a moral standard just when it is plainly important to propel another genuine moral guideline, which, as per the leader's inner voice, will deliver the best equilibrium of good over the long haul. u) Contemporary ethical concepts and principles in nursing such as:

• Autonomy: Autonomy implies that the patients can settle on free choices. This implies that nurses should be certain that the patients have the all the required data needed to settle on a choice about their clinical care and are taught. The nurses do not impact the patient's decision. Instances of nurses showing this incorporate acquiring informed consent from the patient for treatment, tolerating the circumstance when a patient declines a medicine, and keeping up privacy (Rosenberg 2020).
• Beneficence: Beneficence is characterized as benevolence and charity, which entails activity with respect to the nurse in order to profit others. An illustration of a nurse exhibiting this moral standard is by holding a dying patient's hand (Rosenberg 2020).
• Non-maleficence: This implies that nurses should do no damage deliberately. Nurses ought to offer a standard of care which prevents from risk or limits it, as it identifies with clinical aptitude. An illustration of nurses showing this rule incorporates dodging careless care of a patient (Rosenberg 2020).
• Justice: Justice implies being unbiased and reasonable. Nurses settling on fair clinical judgements exhibit this, whether it identifies with restricted assets or new medicines irrespective of ethnicity, financial status, nationality, sexual direction, and so on (Rosenberg 2020).
• Rights: It is the approved power to have or accomplish something. These are the fundamental liberties that are allowed by the Federal Government for all individuals to appreciate in the atmosphere that is in concord with their nature.

• Veracity: Veracity is characterized as being truthful and is identified with the guideline of independence. It is the premise of the trust relationship set up between a patient and a medical services supplier. Veracity is the thing that ties the patient and the clinician as they try to set up shared treatment objectives (Beemsterboer 2020).

Reference: Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation (ANMF) 2020, Nursing & Midwifery Registration and Accreditation, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://anmf.org.au/pages/nursing-and-midwifery-registration-and- accreditation>. Beemsterboer, P 2020, ‘Ethics in Dentistry: Part III – Ethical Decision- making: Ethical Decision-making Models’, dentalcare.com, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.dentalcare.com/en-us/professional-education/ce-courses/ ce546/ethical- decision-making-models>. Beemsterboer, P 2020, ‘Ethics in Dentistry: Part I - Principles and Values: Veracity’, dentalcare.com, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.dentalcare.com/en- us/professional-education/ce-courses/ce510/veracity#:~:text=Veracity %20is %20defined%20as%20being,to%20establish%20mutual%20treatment %20goals.>. Corporate Finance Institute (CFI) n.d., What is Ethical Decision-Making?, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/ethical- decision- making/#:~:text=The%20character%2Dbased%20decision %2Dmaking,is%20morally %20and%20ethically%20sound.&text=In%20general%2C%20the %20company %20should,greatest%20amount%20of%20moral%20justness.>. Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC) SA 2020, South Australian Laws: Equal Opportunity Act, viewed 9 December 2020, <https://eoc.sa.gov.au/resources/discrimination-laws/south-australian- laws/equal- opportunity-act>. Mintz, S 2016, ‘Character and Trust is Key to Ethical Decision-Making’, Ethics Sage , viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.ethicssage.com/2016/03/character-and- trust-is-key-to- ethical-decision-making.html>. HLTENN008 Apply legal and ethical parameters to nursing practice: Clarke1e CH04 Powerpoint 2020, EQUALS International, Adelaide. Merriam-Webster n.d., Advance directive, viewed 9 December 2020, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/advance%20directive. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2017, Enrolled nurse standards for practice, viewed 9 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines- Statements/Professional-standards/enrolled-nurse-standards-for-

practice.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2017, Professional indemnity insurance arrangements, viewed 9 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards/ Professional- indemnity-insurance-arrangements.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2017, Registration Standards, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration- Standards.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2018, Fact sheet: Continuing professional development, viewed 9 December 2020,

<https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/codes-guidelines- statements/faq/cpd- faq-for-nurses-and-midwives.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2019, Fact sheet: Recency of practice, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes- Guidelines- Statements/FAQ/recency-of- practice.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2019, Fact sheet: Re- entry to practice, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines- Statements/FAQ/fact- sheet-reentry-to-practice.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2019, Social media: How to meet your obligations under the National Law, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines- Statements/Codes- Guidelines/Social-media-guidance.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2020, Frameworks, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines- Statements/Frameworks.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2020, Guidelines, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes- Guidelines- Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2020, Policies, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes- Guidelines- Statements/Policies.aspx>. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2020, Professional Standards, viewed 9 December 2020, <https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes- Guidelines- Statements/Professional-standards.aspx>. Rosenberg, S 2020, ‘Why Ethics in Nursing Matters’, Southern New Hampshire University, viewed 10 December 2020, <https://www.snhu.edu/about- us/newsroom/2018/05/ethics-in- nursing#:~:text=Ethical%20Principles%20in %20Nursing,-These%20principles%20ultimately&text=Autonomy %20means%20that %20the%20patients,not%20influence%20the%20patient's%20choice.>. SafeWork SA n.d., Codes of Practice, viewed 9 December 2020, https://www.safework.sa.gov.au/workplaces/codes-of-practice. State Government of Victoria 2020, Mandatory reporting, viewed 9 December 2020, https://providers.dhhs.vic.gov.au/mandatory-reporting.

2. Describe how the following pieces of legislation and regulation impact your nursing practice: a) Privacy Act 1988 (Commonwealth): This is Australian enactment that has a positive impact on nursing as it can aid the health experts to keep posted and to secure the privacy. This act protects the procedures via which data is gathered, utilized, the method of disclosure and the procedure via which this data is stowed in nursing practices. According to the Privacy Act of 1988, all experts in the medical

services industry ought to guarantee that the confidentiality and privacy of patient data are prioritized (Australian Government 2020). b)My Health Records Act 2012 (Commonwealth): It is allied with Privacy Act 1988 stipulating which groups can gather, apply and unveil certain data, and to guarantee the priority of the confidentiality of the information of the patient. This Act was executed for improving the excellency of care offered along with the patient’s health status and advancing how the activities of the patients of the health care system are synchronized with the various providers of quality health care in the industry (Australian Digital Health Agency n.d.). c) Aged Care Act 1997 (Commonwealth): It is the act of the Australian Parliament which regulates the aged care support that is paid by the government. This act can impact the nursing practice in ensuring the wellbeing along with the prosperity of the elderly people. The Act guarantees that medical services to the elderly people are paid for by the government hence they can appreciate quality medical care services (Australian Government 2020). d) Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Commonwealth): According to the Disability Discrimination Act 1992, it is it illegal to discriminate an individual, in numerous regions of public life, including employment, education, receiving or utilizing services, renting or purchasing a house or unit, and getting to public spots, due to of their disability. This act safeguards individuals with disabilities who might be discriminated (Australian Human Rights Commission 2015). This act excellently affects nursing strategy as it covers all parts of work and makes it illicit to be differentiated against disabled people. The act guarantees nursing practices are liberated from any type of discrimination against individuals having disabilities. e) Criminal Code Act 1995 (Commonwealth): The Criminal Code Act 1995 is the fundamental bit of enactment identifying with commonwealth criminal crimes in Australia, which are violations that apply the over the country, the expressed reason for which is 'to categorize the overall standards of criminal duty under laws of the commonwealth' (Nedim 2019). It comprises of the vast majority of the essential ideas which could help the nurses in contributing them the data of criminal duty which could apply to a crime irrespective of how the crime is perpetrated. f) Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 (Commonwealth): The purpose of WHS laws through a model structure is to secure the security of laborers, progress safety results, lessen acquiescence costs for business and advance efficacy for health and safety managers (Safe Work Australia n.d.). This assumes a crucial function in the nursing practice as it can assist the nurses with ensuring their health and safety and these guidelines set out the demands for tenacity of the issue, incident notice, crimes and punishments which will assist them with working in a safe environment. The guideline likewise features a portion of the superfluous dangers and perils that nurses consistently take and should be dodged. Reference:

Australian Digital Health Agency n.d., ‘Legislation and governance’, My Health Record, viewed 11 December 2020, https://www.myhealthrecord.gov.au/about/legislation-and-governance.

Australian Government 2020, ‘Aged care laws in Australia’, Department of Health, viewed 11 December 2020, <https://www.health.gov.au/health- topics/aged- care/about-aged-care/aged-care-laws-in-australia>. Australian Government 2020, ‘Privacy Act 1988’, Federal Register of legislation, viewed 11 December 2020, https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2020C00237. Australian Human Rights Commission 2015, Disability discrimination, viewed 11 December 2020, <https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/employers/disability- discrimination>. Nedim, U 2019, ‘What are the Mental Elements for Criminal Code Act Offences?’, Sydney Criminal Lawyers, viewed 11 December 2020, <https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/what-are-the-mental- elements-for- criminal-code-act-offences/? utm_source=Mondaq&utm_medium=syndication&utm_campaign=Linked In- integration>. Safe Work Australia n.d., Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011, viewed 11 December 2020, <https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/system/files/documents/1705/ explanatory- statement-model-whs-regulations-18january2012.pdf>.

3. Various pieces of legislation are enacted in each State/Territory underpinning nursing practice. Identify the legislation relevant to your State/Territory relating to the following and describe how these pieces of legislation impact your nursing practice: a) Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act: Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (South Australia) Act 2010 makes a national registration as well as recognition design for the guidelines to all the healthcare professionals to function in their area. In order to practice, nurses ought to be registered within the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law South Australia 2010. This act guarantees that all the healthcare professionals function inside their job boundaries with the required degree of competence so as to diminish the quantity of accidents or injuries. b) Health (drugs and poisons) legislation: Controlled Substances (Poisons) Regulation 2011 (SA) regulates the prescription, management and source of drugs and medications in South Australia. This enactment tries to regulate the individuals who produce, disperse, and sell drugs and different medications in the health care sector. Explicit people are provided with the best possible certification and endorsement to manage such medications for different purposes, which could incorporate and are not

restricted to research, endowment to patients in health care facilities, and for counselling purposes by this regulation. Nurses with the right qualifications only ought to be permitted to deal with the medication of the patients. c) Mental health legislation: Mental Health Act 2009 (SA) influences the nursing practice by assisting the nurses in evaluation, treatment and support for their patients experiencing psychological sickness or maybe disorders. Moreover, it aids the nurses in providing the consideration according to the privileges of their patients with mental health problems. This act offers the rules to be followed while providing

consideration to the mental patients and also guarantees that mental patients get the appropriate care and consideration. d)Carers recognition legislation or official policies: Carers Recognition Act 2005 (SA) impacts the occupation of nurses by upgrading their understanding and acknowledgment for contributing steady attention as well as aid to people with a disability, mental problems or maybe some other medical problems. This act gives the set of ideas which will assist the nurses in keeping up legitimate consideration connection with their patient. This enactment offers mandates on the best way to help the nurses on providing quality care to their patients. e) Anti-discrimination legislation: Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (SA) promotes parity of chance and inhibits the discrimination to the nurses on the basis of ethnicity, age, race, religion, political connection, physical appearance, gender and cultural background. f)Children and young people legislation: Children and Young People (Safety) Act 2017 (SA) aids the nurses in shielding the youngsters and kids from a damage or threat who are under their supervisions and permits the nurses in maintaining the security of children and youths. g) Working with children legislation: Child Safety (Prohibited Persons) Act 2016 (SA) looks to ensure the safety and security of the kids (minors) who are under the nurses’ care. In South Australia, nurses must have a current working with children check (WWCC) according to section 4 of Child Safety (Prohibited Persons) Act 2016 (SA) in order to practice to keep the children safe. h) Workplace health and safety (WHS) legislation: Work Health and Safety Act 2012 (SA) assumes a truly pivotal function in the nursing practice as it helps them in ensuring their government assistance, security, and wellbeing at their work. On the off chance that there is an occurrence at the work environment, this enactment traces the system that should be followed. Reference: Carers Recognition Act 2005 (SA) Children and Young People (Safety) Act 2017 (SA) Child Safety (Prohibited Persons) Act 2016 (SA) Controlled Substances (Poisons) Regulation 2011 (SA) Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (SA) Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (South Australia) Act 2010 The Mental Health Act 2009 (SA) Work Health and Safety Act 2012 (SA)

4. You noticed that the nurse allocated to take care of patients in the treatment room of your facility is not attending to the call bell requests made by people

receiving care. You asked the nurse why the call bells are not answered. The nurse asked you to ignore the call bells as she thought that in most cases the

clients didn’t have a proper care need. You entered the treatment room and noticed that a client had fallen. Describe three (3) professional concepts relevant to or breached by the nurse in this scenario. Negligence: The nurse was negligent in light of the fact that she didn't keep an eye on the requirements of the patient who continued call bells. Despite the fact that the nurse heard the call ringers, she settled on the cognizant choice to disregard the calls of the help of the patient. In this scenario, not attending the call bell is truly negligence. Breaching the duty of care: It is the obligation of legitimate consideration of a nurse to shield the patient from harm and furnish them with suitable consideration yet in this specific circumstance, the nurse abuses her duty of care by not reacting to the call bell of the patient, who ultimately winds up tumbling from their bed and getting injured. Breaching of standards of care for an enrolled nurse: In this specific circumstance, the nurse has breached the standard of practice in the guidelines of quality and safety improvement by overlooking the requirements of the patient regardless of the patient's purposeful endeavour to contact the nurse. This conflicts with the moral contemplations of value and non-wrathfulness.

5. The registered nurse asked a candidate nurse to assist a client with shaving. The candidate nurse is asked to perform the task without anyone supervising her. Applying the concept of vicarious liability, explain who will be held responsible for the actions or omissions of the candidate nurse? Will that be the candidate nurse herself or the registered nurse? Why? The candidate nurse will have no obligation in case of activities or exclusions present. It is the obligation of the registered nurse (RN) to guarantee that they regulate how the candidate nurse acts while giving care to the patient. In this scenario, the registered nurse asked the candidate nurse to perform the task unsupervised, hence, the registered nurse will be held answerable for any actions or omissions of the candidate nurse since it is the duty of the registered nurse to supervise the candidate nurse. 6. You are asked by the registered nurse to provide oral care to a client. When should you obtain consent from the client to proceed with the care? How should consent be obtained? I ought to obtain consent from the client prior to starting the oral hygiene to the client. I will advise the client regarding the method, its advantages, and how it will influence him/her. I ought to acquire explanation and authorization prior to continuing to every stage of therapy which implies that the client must comprehend the treatment for which he is giving his consent.

7. Identify and outline two (2) legal requirements you must apply when writing nursing reports.

The two legal requirements that must be applied while writing nursing reports are (ACSQHC n.d.): I. Reports must be flawless, precise, readable, brief, concurrent and liberal with the proper date, sign and time. II. Reports must contain evidence about assessments, actions performed, consequences, dangers, impediments and deviations. Reference: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) n.d., Documentation of information , viewed 12 December 2020, <https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/standards/nsqhs-standards/ communicating- safety-standard/documentation-information>.

8. Imagine a situation where you observe an incidence of abuse or neglect in your workplace. What should you do when you suspect that abuse and/or neglect is occurring with one of your patients? On the off chance that I observe an event of misuse or perhaps neglect is going on with one of my patient, first of all, I will promptly move them as distant as conceivable from the people molesting or neglecting them. Subsequently, I will report the incident to the registered nurse. Then, I will record that incident following the policies and procedures that have been delivered to deal with such occurrences. 9. Whom would you seek clarification from for concerns relating to requests for tests and referrals for the clients in the workplace? Identify two (2) personnel who could assist you. How should you clarify these concerns? The two personnel who could assist me in clarifying the given concerns are registered nurse and the doctor since they have the capabilities and qualifications to provide vision on different clinical issues. To clarify these issues, I will email them or maybe call them in the event that it is tremendously serious. I will verify I have complete patient points of interest with me that includes the foundation of his and suitable wellbeing foundation. 10. Define the following terms: a) Ethics: Ethics is the moral philosophy which defines what is right and what is wrong, what is good and what is bad. According to Beauchamp and Childress (2013), “ethics is defined as a generic term that is used for referring to various ways of thinking about, understanding and examining how best to live a ‘moral life’”. b) Bioethics: Bioethics implies the utilization of basic ideas of ethics to medical care. It is usually perceived to allude to the moral ramifications