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A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to healthcare legislation and payment reform, focusing on key topics such as the affordable care act (aca), medicare access and chip reauthorization act (macra), and accountable care organizations (acos). It delves into the structure and implementation of these legislative frameworks, exploring their impact on payment patterns, quality initiatives, and care coordination models. Particularly useful for students studying healthcare policy, administration, or related fields.
Typology: Exams
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**Whatiareitheitwoilandmarkipiecesiofihealthilegislationiresponsibleifor itheimostisignificantipaymentireformsiseeniinirecentidecades?i- iCorrectiAnswer- 1.iTheiPatientiProtectioniandiAffordableiCareiActiofi 2010 i(ACA) 2.iMedicare AccessiandiCHIPiReauthorizationiActiofi 2015 i(MACRA) **WhatiisitheiCMMIiandihowihasiitiinfluenceipaymentipatterns?i- iCorrectiAnswer- TheiCenteriforiMedicareiandiMedicaidiInnovationi(CMMI)ihasiunpreced entedifundingianditheiauthorityitoipilotinewipaymentiandideliveryimod els,iincludingicoordinationiwithitheiprivateisector WhatiareitheitwoivoluntaryitracksiinitheinewiQualityiPaymentiProgrami underiMACRAi?i-iCorrectiAnswer-1.iunderitheiMerit- basediIncentiveiPaymentiSystemi(MIPS),iphysicianigroupsiareiscored inifouridomains:iquality,icostiefficiency,itechnologyiadoption,iandiclinic alipracticeiimprovementiactivitiesialignediwithipopulationihealthicarei models.
2.iMACRAidrivesiphysicianiparticipationiinioneiofianiincreasinginumberi ofiAlternativeiPaymentiModelsi(APMs),iiniparticularithoseithatirequirei providersitoibearisubstantial downsideifinancialirisk,iori"advanced"iAPMs. **WhatiareitheifouridomainsiofiqualityiscorediinitheiMIPS?i- iCorrectiAnswer-1.iquality 2.icostiefficiency 3.itechnologyiadoption 4.iclinicalipracticeiimprovementiactivities alignediwithipopulationihealthicareimodels. WhatiareitheicharacteristicsiandirequirementsiofitheiAPMsiemployediini theiseconditrackiofiMACRA?i-iCorrectiAnswer- APMsiareibuiltiuponicoordinatedicareimodelsiiniwhichiincentivesiareilin keditoibroader outcomes,iespeciallyitheitotalicostioficareiforipeopleiwithispecificicondit ionsiorientireipopulations.iAccountabilityiforitheitotalicostioficareirequir esiprovidersitoishiftitheiriframeiofireferencei 180 degrees,ifromioneithatiisicenterediaroundiindividualihealthcareidelivery iservices,itoioneithatiisilongitudinaliregardlessiofiwhether,iwhere,iandiw heniservicesiareiprovidediforitheitargetipopulation. **WhatitypeiofipractitionerimustibeiincludediinianiACO?i- iCorrectiAnswer-PCP
WhatideterminesitheiamountiofisavingsishardiwithianiACO?i- iCorrectiAnswer- TheiamountiofisavingsisharediwithitheiACOiisioftenideterminedibyitheiq ualityiscoreiachieved inimultipleidomains,iincludingiprevention,ichronicidiseaseimanagement ,icareicoordination,iandipatient experience. **Whatiisithei"thorniinitheiside"iofiACOimanagersiandiclinicians?iWhy?i- iCorrectiAnswer- TheidetailediandicompleximethodsiforipatientiattributionitoiACOsisincei patientsiveryioftenidoinotiseekicareiexclusivelyiwithiaisingleiprovideriunl essitheiriinsuranceirequiresiiti(whichiisirare). Whatiareitheiguidelinesitoioptimizeicorrectiattributioniandidriveimoreie ffectiveicare?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- provideitheibestipossibleiaccessiandiaiseamlessihigh- qualityicareiexperienceiso thatiitiisieasyiforipatientsitoiwantitoistayiwithinitheisystemi(alsoiknownia sithei"stickiness"istrategy — a winiunderibothivolumeiandivalue).
Ensureithatiallipatientsi(especiallyiMedicareibeneficiaries)iseeitheiriPCPi atileastionceiper
calendariyear,ipreferablyiincludingiaipreventiveicareivisit.iThisiisinotionl yigoodipracticeibutialsoia fullyicoveredibenefitiwithouticopayi(underiACAirules).
Ensureialliphysiciansiareilistediunderitheicorrectispecialtyiinitheipayer'sis ystems,iespecially CMSiwhereiphysiciansimayihaveibeeniinitiallyicredentialedibeforeitheyic ompletedispecialtyitraining. Thisiissueiisiirrelevantiunderifee-for- serviceibuticriticaliinipopulationihealth/coordinatedicareimodels. **Whatiareitheicharacteristicsiofitheicomprehensiveiprimaryicareiprogr amsi(CPC)?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- buildsiuponitheiprinciplesiofitheipatienticenteredimedicalihome
allimembersiofiteamihaveidefinedirolesiandifunctionsiinipatienticareiati microiandimacroilevelsi
paidiinifeeiforiserviceibuticanielectitoibeipaidipartiallyiinicaptivatedimont hlyifeei
requireditoiinvestisomeifunsiininewiresourcesitoiimproveicareicoordinat ion
**Whatiisitheipurposeiofiaicareimodel?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- Useiofievidence- basediguidelinesiandidataitoimanage,itrack,iandiimproveioutcomesiof specificiconditions
Multidisciplinaryicareiteams,ibothiinsideiandibeyondiofitheitraditionalif ouriwallsiofitheihospital andioffice
Engagementiofipatientsiandicaregiversiasicoreimembersiofitheicareitea m,ithroughiself-management skillsieducation,iindividualizedigoalsioficare,iandifeedbackionihowitoiim proveitheicareiexperience
Technologyibeyondijustiuseiofiaidigitalihealthirecord,isuchiasiintegration iofireal-timeidata
exchangei(whetheriacrossitheihallioriacrossitheination),iandiadvancedire moteipatientimonitoring devicesiandiapps
Advancedianalyticsithatisupportiriskistratificationiofipopulations,ipredic tiveimodelsiidentifying patientsiiniwhomianiinterventionitodayiisilikelyitoipreventiaibadioutcom eitomorrow,iandiperformance monitoring/feedbackitoolsiforiproviders
Innovationsiinicareideliveryichannels/venues,isuchiasitelemedicineiandi retail-basediclinics Oniwhatiisichangeicontingent?i-iCorrectiAnswer- budget,idesire,icommitment,iandiorganizationaliculture **Whatiisitheifirstistepiinicareicoordination?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Establishiaicareiteamiwithiclearirolesiandiresponsibilitiesitoisupportibusi nessiandiclinical operations **Whatiisitheiroleiofitheiofficeisupervisor?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- overseeipatientiflow
**Whatiisidescribediasithei"lynchpiniofisuccess"iforiaivalue- basedicareimodel?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Careicoordination WhatiisitheiWHOidefinitioniofiSDOH?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Theiconditionsiiniwhichipeopleiareiborn,igrow,ilive,iwork,iandiageithatiaf fectiaiwideirangeiof health,ifunctioning,iandiquality-of-lifeioutcomesiandirisks. **Whatiisitheiadvantageiofiassigningiaicareicoordinatoritoitheisickestian dimostiat-riskipatients?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Helpsito manageitotalicostioficareibyiensuringicareiisideliverediinitheileastirestric tiveimedicalisettingi(ideallyitheiPCPioffice),itherebyiavoidingiexpensivei eventsisuchiasiavoidableiEDivisitsiandihospitalizations. **WhatiareitheitwoiPCMHiphilosophiesidescribediasitheikeyitoitrueiprac ticeiredesign?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Careicoordinationianditransitions **Whatiisitheiimportanceioficontinuityiinicareimanagement?i- iCorrectiAnswer- Continuityiensuresireferralsiareimanagediandithatiinformationifromireq uiredispecialistsiis obtainediandiavailableiforitheicareiteamitoireview. **WhatiisitheiroleiofiSkillediNursingiFacilitiesi(SNF)iinicareicoordination ?i-iCorrectiAnswer-
Manyiprovidersifeelithatitheseifacilitiesiprovideiongoingicareiforipatient siwhoihaveirehabilitationiorimedicalimanagementineedsithaticannotibei performediatihome.iTheitruthiisithatiwhile sometimesimedicallyinecessary,itheseitypesiofifacilitiesihaveibecomeian iepicenteriforipatientsiand familiesiwithicomplexicareineeds,isuchiasiend-of-lifeimanagement. **Whatiareitheinewlyidefinediservicesithatiformitheifoundationioficoor dinatedicare?i-iCorrectiAnswer- 1.iTheiAnnualiWellnessiVisiti(AWV),iaihighlyistructuredipreventiveicareiv isitithatiaddresses commonigeriatricirisksisuchiasifalls,idepression,ihearingiloss,iandiimpair edicognition.iTheibulkiofithe AWVicanibeiaccomplishedibyiainon-physicianimemberiofitheicareiteam. 2.iAdvanceiCareiPlanningi(ACP),iaidetailedidiscussioniandidocumentatio niofitheipatient's goalsioficarei(particularlyiatitheiendiofilife),ieitheriasiaistandaloneiservic eioriattacheditoianotherivisit. 3.iTransitionsiofiCareiManagementi(TCM),iaisingleipaymentifori 30 idaysio fimonitoring followingidischargeifromiaihospital,iSNF,ioriobservationistay.iThisiinitiat iveirequiresioutreachitoithe patientiwithinitwoibusinessidaysiofidischargeiandithenianiin- personivisitiwithi 7 iori 14 idaysidepending onicomplexity.iMedicationireconciliationiisiairequiredicomponentiofithe ivisit.iWhileianiEvaluation
andiManagementi(E/M)icodeicanibeibilledifollowingitheivisit,itheiTCMic odeicannotibeibillediuntil post- dischargeidayi 31 iaftericonfirmingithatitheipatientiwasinotireadmittediwi thinithei 30 - dayiepisode. 4.iChroniciCareiManagementi(CCM),iaimonthlyipaymentiforiongoingitel ephonicimonitoring andicareicoordinationiofipatientsiwithispecificichroniciconditions,iagaini primarilyiaiserviceithaticanibe providedibyiaicareiteamimemberiotherithaniaiphysician.iPracticesiiniCPC +iareinotialloweditoibillifor thisiservice,isinceiitiisianialternativeitoitheimonthlyicareicoordinationife eiinithatiprogram. 5.iTelehealthicodes,inewiini2019,idesigneditoicompensateiforibriefitelep honicicheck-insiwith patientsioriconsultationsibetweeniproviders. PayingiforiPerformanceiiniPopulationiHealth:iLessonsifromiHealthiCarei Settings:iWhyiisiitidifficultitoiapplyipay-for- performanceiapproachesitoipopulationihealth?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Pay- for- performanceihasifocusedioninarrowiclinicaliproblemsiwhoseisuccesside pendsioniidentifiableiactorsiwithitheimotivationiandiresourcesitoichang eiclinicaliprocessesiorioutcomes.iInicontrast,ipopulationihealthihasibroa digoals,imanyiantecedents,iandinoisingle,iidentifiableifiduciary.
**PayingiforiPerformanceiiniPopulationiHealth:iLessonsifromiHealthiCar eiSettings:iPay-for- performanceisystemsiareibasedionitheiassumptionithatifinancialiincenti vesiwillihelpitoiachieveihealthicareirelatedigoals.iWhatiareitheifouricondi tionsirequirediforithisitoibeitrue?i-iCorrectiAnswer- First,ithereimustibeisomeistakeholderiwillingitoipayiforiperformance. Second,ithereimustibeisomeiagentiwithitheiabilityitoiachieveithatiperfor manceiwhoican,iif successful,ibeipaid. Third,ithereimustibeisomeimeasuresiofithatiperformanceioniwhichitoiju dgeisuccessiandibase payment. Fourth,iinitheiendithereimustibeisomeievidenceithatitheiapproachiachie vesiitsioveralligoalsioriatileastithatitheisystemionitheiwholeiproducesimo reigoodithaniharm. PayingiforiPerformanceiiniPopulationiHealth:iLessonsifromiHealthiCarei Settings:iWhatiareitheithreeicategoriesiofiperformanceimeasuresithatica nibeiusediinievaluatingihealthicare?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Structure,iprocess,iandioutcomes
**PayingiforiPerformanceiiniPopulationiHealth:iLessonsifromiHealthiCar eiSettings:iWhatiareitheiconcernsiwhenitryingitoiapplyipay-for- performanceiapproachesitoipopulationihealth?i-iCorrectiAnswer--pay- for- performanceiwillilikelyirewardiprogramsioriareasithatihaveibetteriresou rces,ipenalizeithoseithatidoinot,ianditherebyiwidenidisparitiesiinicare
**WhatiareiPAYGOibudgetilawsiandihowidoitheyiaffectitheifinancingiofi policyichanges?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Payiasiyouigo,i"PAYGO"ibudgetilawsiiniCongressirequireithatiincreasesii nifederaliprogram spendingioritaxicutsimustibeioffsetibyicutsitoifederaliprogramispendingio ritaxiincreases elsewhere.iTherefore,iunderiPAYGO,iaimemberiofiCongressichampionin giailegislativeiproposalithatiisiestimateditoiincreaseifederalispendingiorir educeitaxirevenuesiisifacediwithitheitaskiofiproposingihowitoioffsetithes eicosts. **Whatiareitheiquestionsiraisediinitheiimplementationiofiaipolicyioptio n?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Doesitheipolicyioptionirequireitheienactmentiofiailawioritheipromulgati oniofiairegulation? Doesitheipolicyioptionirequireitheicreationiofiainewigovernmentiprogra mioritheicreationiofia newigovernmentiagency,ioricaniitiinsteadibeiimplementediwithiniexisti ngiprogramsiandiagencies? Doesitheipolicyioptionientailiaimarkedichangeifromicurrentipolicyipriorit iesiandirequire significanticultureichange? Doesitheipolicyioptionihaveisupportifromithoseiwhoiwilliexecuteitheipol icy,iincludingistate, local,ioriotherirelevantistakeholderigroups?
Whoiisitheimajoristakeholderiinihealthcareipolicyimaking?i- iCorrectiAnswer-Theifederaligovernment **Howidoifederaligovernmentipurchasingiandihealthcareideliveryipolici esiinfluenceiotherinon- federalihealthiinsuranceipurchasersiandiproviders?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Asitheilargestiemployeriandipurchaseriofihealthcareiservices,itheifedera ligovernmentifinancesiandiprovidesicoverageitoinearlyi 130 imillionigover nmentiemployees;itheipoor,idisabled,iandielderly; activeidutyiandiformerimilitaryipersonnelianditheiridependents;iandiNa tiveiAmericansiandiotheripopulations. Whatibranchesiofigovernmentiareiinvolvediinipolicymakingiatitheifeder alilevel?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Legislativeiandiexecutiveibranches WhaticommitteesiinitheiHouseiofiRepresentativesihaveitheimostiinfluen ceionihealthipolicy?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- TheiCommitteeioniWaysiandiMeansi(W&MiCommittee)ihasijurisdictioni overithe provisioniofipaymentsiforihealthicare,ihealthideliveryisystems,iorihealthi research.iThisiincludes healthcareiprogramsiunderitheiSocialiSecurityiAct,iincludingiMedicaidia ndiMedicare,ianditaxicreditianditaxideductioniprovisionsirelateditoihealt hiinsuranceipremiumsiandihealthcareicosts.
TheiCommitteeioniEnergyiandiCommercei(E&CiCommittee)ihasijurisdicti onioverihealth
programsiunderitheiPubliciHealthiServiceiActiasiwelliasitheiSocialiSecurit yiAct,iwhichiincludeipublic health,imentalihealth,iandihealthiinformationitechnology.iTheicommitt eeialsoiaddressesimattersirelated toiMedicareiandiMedicaid,itheiChildren'siHealthiInsuranceiProgrami(CHI P),imedicaliresearch,iandifoodiandidrugisafety.
TheiCommitteeioniEducationiandiLaborihasiprimaryijurisdictionioverima ttersirelatingito laboriandiworkforceiissues,iincludingiemployer- sponsoredihealthibenefits. WhaticommitteesiinitheiSenateihaveitheimostiinfluenceionihealthipolicy ?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- TheiCommitteeioniFinancei(FinanceiCommittee)ihasijurisdictionioverihe althiprograms underitheiSocialiSecurityiAct,iincludingiMedicare,iMedicaid,iCHIP,iandiot herihealthiandihuman servicesiprogramsifinancedibyiaispecificitaxioritrustifund.
TheiHealth,iEducation,iLaboriandiPensionsiCommitteei(HELPiCommittee )ihas jurisdictionioverihealthiprogramsiunderitheiPubliciHealthiServiceiActian ditheiOlderiAmericansiAct. Theicommitteeiconsidersilegislationioniissuesisuchiasipublicihealth,ibio medicaliresearchiand
development,ifoodiandidrugisafety,iaccessitoihealthicare,iemployer- sponsoredihealthibenefits,iaging, andiindividualsiwithidisabilities. **WhatiisiMACPACiandiwhatidoesiitido?i-iCorrectiAnswer- TheiMedicaidiandiCHIPiPaymentiandiAccessiCommission,iisiainonpartisa nilegislative branchiagencyiauthorizedibyitheiACA.iMACPACiconductsipolicyiandidata ianalysisiandidisseminates itsifindingsiandirecommendationsiinireportsithatiareireleasediiniMarchia ndiJuneiofieachiyear. **WhatiisitheiCBOiandihowidoesiitiinfluenceipolicyimaking?i- iCorrectiAnswer- TheiCongressionaliBudgetiOffice,iTheiCBOiisitheinonpartisani"scorekeep er"iforiCongressionalilegislationiandiprovidesibudgetiandieconomiciinfo rmation,iespeciallyiasiitirelatesito legislation.iAsipartiofithisirole,iCBOiprovidesilegislatorsiwithidata,iestim ates,ianalyses,iand implicationsiofilegislativeiproposals. DescribeiandidiscussihowitheivariousidivisionsiwithiniHHSiinfluenceiheal thipolicyimaking.i-iCorrectiAnswer- TheseidivisionsiincludeitheiCentersiforiDiseaseiControliandiPreventioni( CDC),itheiOfficeiof
theiAssistantiSecretaryiforiPlanningiandiEvaluation,itheiSubstanceiAbus eiandiMentaliHealthiServices Administration,ianditheiHealthiResourcesi&iServicesiAdministration.iTh eseidivisionsiworkionikeyipopulationihealthiissuesiincludingiZika,iHIV/AI DS,iinfluenza,ichildhoodiobesity,imaternalimortality, ruralihealthiissues,iandisubstanceiabuse,iincludingiongoingieffortsitoico mbatitheiopioidiepidemic. **WhatiisitheiroleiofiONC?i-iCorrectiAnswer- ONCileadsitheiexecutiveibranchihealthiinformationitechnologyi(HIT)- relatedieffortsitoiimplementinationwideiHITiadoption,iuse,iandiinterop erability.iONCiisitheiprimaryifederaliagencyiresponsibleiforienhancingiHI Tiinfrastructure,isupportingiHITiadoption,iandipromotingihealth informationiexchange.iONC'simissioniisitoiimproveitheihealthiandiwell- beingiofiindividualsiandicommunitiesithroughitechnologyiandiensuringi healthiinformationiisiaccessible. **Whatiisi"meaningfuliuse"iandiwhatiwereitheiobjectivesiofitheiMeanin gfuliUseiprogram?i-iCorrectiAnswer- TheiMeaningfuliUseiprogramiutilizedicertifiediEHRitechnologyi(CEHRT)it oiimproveipopulationihealthimanagementiandioutcomes.iSpecifically,it heiMeaningfuliUseiprogramihaditheifollowingiobjectives:
HowididitheipassageiofitheiACAiaffectitheidevelopmentiofidemonstratio nimodels?i-iCorrectiAnswer- TheipassageiofitheiACAiini 2010 iresultediiniaimajoripolicyishiftiasitheiACAi providedinewilegaliauthorityitoiCMS. **AccordingitoiTablei 13 - 1,iwhatiareitheicategoriesiofitheiCMMI'sidemonstrationimodels?i- iCorrectiAnswer- ■ iAccountableicare ■ iEpisode-basedipaymentiinitiatives ■ iPrimaryicareitransformation ■ iInitiativesifocusedionitheiMedicaidiandichipipopulation ■ iInitiativesifocusedioniMedicare-Medicaidienrollees ■ iInitiativesitoiaccelerateitheidevelopmentianditestingiofinewipaymenti andiserviceideliveryimodels ■ iInitiativesitoispeeditheiadoptioniofibestipractices **Whatiisiadvocacy?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Inigeneral,iadvocacyiisianyiactionitoisupportiaicertainicause. **Whatiisilobbyingiandihowidoesiitidifferifromiadvocacy?i- iCorrectiAnswer- Advocacyiinitheipolicymakingiprocessiofteniisiaccomplishedithroughilob bying,iwhich
generallyiisidefinediasiattemptingitoiinfluenceipolicymakingiinitheilegisl ativeioriexecutiveibranchesiofigovernment.iEssentially,iallilobbyingiisiad vocacy,ibutinotialliadvocacyiisilobbying. **Compareiandicontrastigrassrootsilobbyingiwithigrasstopsilobbying.i- iCorrectiAnswer-- Grassrootsilobbyingirefersitoiencouragingimembersiofitheipublicitoireac hioutitoipolicymakersiinitheilegislativeioriexecutiveibranchesitoiinfluenc eipolicy.i
Grasstopsilobbyingirefersitoiencouragingiainarroweriscopeiofiindividual s,iusuallyileadersi(e.g.,ithoughtileaders,icommunityileaders,iorganizatio nileaders)itoireachioutitoipolicymakersiinitheilegislativeioriexecutiveibra nchesitoiinfluenceipolicy. **Whatifactorsidetermineitheilobbyingimethodsiselected?i- iCorrectiAnswer-1)iadvocate'sipreferences 2)iresourcesiavailable 3)ilikelihoodiofisuccessiofitheilobbyingimethod. Underiwhatiamendmentiisilobbyingiaiprotectediactivity?i- iCorrectiAnswer-Firstiamendment Whatiareicoalitionsiandihowidoitheyiinfluenceilobbying?i- iCorrectiAnswer-
Coalitions,iwhichiconsistiofiindividualsiandiorganizationsiwithidifferenti missionsioripriorities, butitemporarilyijoiningitogether,iofteniengageiinilobbyingieffortsiasiwel liforiaisharedipublicipolicy option. WhatiisiNashvilleHealthiandihowiwasiitiestablished?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Firstiestablisheditheinot-for- profitiorganizationiNashvilleHealth,iwithiaimissionitoisubstantiallyiimpr oveitheihealthiandiwell- beingiofiNashvilleiresidents.iThoroughlyisteepediinirelevantiexperiencei andirelationships. WhatiareitheinineicriteriaiusedibyiNashvilleHealthitoinarrowitheirangeio fihealthiprioritiesitheyiwouldiaddress?i-iCorrectiAnswer- IsithisiairealiandipressingihealthiissueiforiNashville? Isithereipartner/sponsoriinterestiinithisiarea? Areithereisuccessfuliprogramsithaticanibeimodeleditoiaddressithisiissue ? Areimeasurable,iachievableimetricsiforimonitoringiandievaluatingiprogr essiapplicable? IsithereireliableidataiaboutithisiissueiiniNashville? Doesiitiaddressihealthiequity? Isiitinovel? Isithereiaifeasibleipossibilityiofishowingisuccessiiniaitimelyimanner?
Isiitiscalable? WhatiwereitheithreeiinitialipriorityiareasiidentifiedibyiNashvilleHealth?i
MeasuringitheiImpactiofiPubliciHealthiPolicy:iWhatiareitheithreeidomai nsiofievidence-basedipolicy?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Process,icontent,ioutcome **MeasuringitheiImpactiofiPubliciHealthiPolicy:iAccordingitoithisireadin g,ipolicyimakersiofteniaskithreeiquestionsiwhenidecidingiwhetheritoitak eiactionioriprioritizeiresources.iWhatiareitheithreeiquestions?i- iCorrectiAnswer-1)iIsithereiaiproblem?i 2)iDoiweiknowihowitoifixitheiproblem? 3)iHowimuchiwilliiticost? **MeasuringitheiImpactiofiPubliciHealthiPolicy:iForiwhichiofitheithreeiq uestionsidoiweitypicallyihaveitheileastidata?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Howimuchiwilliiticost? **MakingiBetteriUsesiofitheiPoliciesiandiFundingiWeiAlreadyiHave:iWha tiareitheiopportunitiesitoipromoteipopulationihealthiindependentiofima jorichangesiiniresourcesioripubliciauthority?i-iCorrectiAnswer- enforcingilawsialreadyiinieffect
leveragingigovernment'sianditheiprivateisector'sipurchasingiandiinvest menticlout
evaluatingitheieffectivenessiofipopulationihealthiprograms,iagencies,ia ndipolicies
butinotienrollediinipublicibenefits,iincludingihealthiinsurance,ifoodiandi heatingiassistance,iandisocial services.i
Aniestimatedi25%iofipeopleiwhoiareieligibleiforiMedicaidianditheiChildr en'siHealth InsuranceiProgrami(17)iandi34%iofithoseieligibleiforifoodistampsi(18)iar einotienrollediinithese programs. **MakingiBetteriUsesiofitheiPoliciesiandiFundingiWeiAlreadyiHave:iWha tiareitheibarriersitoienrollmentithatitypicallyilimititheinumberiofipeoplei receivingihealthibenefits?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- frequentirequalificationiperiods