Hole's essentials of human anatomy and physiology 10th edition Questions And Answers, Exams of Human Physiology

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physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Anatomy - correct answer is the branch of science that deals with the structure (morphology) of body parts. their forms and how they are organized. Physiology - correct answer the function of body parts—what they do and how they do it Atom - correct answer microscopic particle molecule - correct answer atoms form together to make this macromolecule - correct answer Small molecules combine in a complex way Cell - correct answer basic unit of structure and function Organelles - correct answer complex organisms contain these

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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structures that carry out specific activities. Tissue - correct answer A group of similar cells that perform the same function. Organs - correct answer A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions. Organ systems - correct answer Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Integumentary, Lymphatic, Muscular, Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory, Skeletal, Urinary. Organism - correct answer ORGAN SYSTEMS are what make up an organism Metabolism - correct answer All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Characteristics Of Life - correct answer Movement, Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion Movement - correct answer Change in position of the body or of a body part; motion of an internal organ Responsiveness - correct answer Reaction to a change inside or outside the body Growth - correct answer Increase in body size without change in shape Reproduction - correct answer Production of new organisms and new cells

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Respiration - correct answer Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (Some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration.) Digestion - correct answer Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used Absorption - correct answer Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids Circulation - correct answer Movement of substances in body fluids Assimilation - correct answer Changing absorbed substances into chemically different forms

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Excretion - correct answer Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions Requirements of organisms - correct answer water, food, oxygen, Heat, Pressure Homeostasis - correct answer A state of balance in which the body's internal environment remains in the normal range Internal Enviroment - correct answer conditions within the cell Homeostatic mechanism - correct answer mechanisms that help maintain homeostasis, they have 3 components; Receptors , a Set Point, and Effectors Receptors - correct answer provide information about specific

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment. Set Point - correct answer tells what a particular value should be (such as body temperature at 37°C or, 98.6°F) Effectors - correct answer cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environmen Negative Feedback - correct answer A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change. The human body can be broken up in two portions - correct answer Axial and Appendicular Axial Portion Contains - correct answer the head (Cranial Cavity) neck (Vertebral Cavity) and trunk (Thoracic Cavity) (Abdominopelvic Cavity)

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Appendicular Portion Contains - correct answer the upper and lower limb viscera - correct answer Membrane lying on the organ itself in the Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity Diaphram - correct answer A Broad thin muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the lower abdominopelvic cavity Mediastinum - correct answer Central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. Cranial Cavity contains - correct answer Brain Vertebral Cavity Contains - correct answer spinal cord

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Thoracic Cavity Contains - correct answer Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea , and thymus abdominal cavity contains - correct answer STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, SMALL INTESTINE, AND MOST OF LARGE INSTESTINE, THE SEROUS MEMBRANE OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY IS THE PERITONEUM. Pelvic cavity contains - correct answer Terminal portion of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs. oral cavity - correct answer containing the Tongue and teeth nasal cavity - correct answer located within the nose and divided into right and left portions by a nasal septum, several air-filled sinuses connect the nasal cavity. these include the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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orbital cavities - correct answer containing the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves. middle ear cavities - correct answer containing the middle ear bones Parietal Pluera - correct answer The walls of the right and left thoracic compartments, which contain the lungs, are lined with this membrane Visceral Pluera - correct answer this membrane covers the lungs themselves Parietal - correct answer membrane that is attached to the wall of a cavity Visceral - correct answer membrane that is deeper- towards the interior- and covers an internal organ, such as a lung but not limited to.

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Plueral Membranes - correct answer the parietal and visceral seperated by a thin film of water fluid Plueral Cavity - correct answer the potential space between the parietal and visceral (plueral membranes) heart - correct answer located in the broadest part of the mediastinum Pericardial membranes - correct answer membranes that surrounds the heart Visceral paricardium - correct answer thin membrane that covers the hearts surface parietal pericardum - correct answer thicker membrane that is seperated from the visceral paricardium by a small volume of liquid.

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Peritoneal membranes - correct answer membranes lining the abdominopelvic cavity parietal peritoneum - correct answer membrane that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity visceral peritoneum - correct answer membrane that covers each organ in the abdominal cavity peritoneal cavity - correct answer the potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum membranes integumentary system - correct answer made up of skin, various accessory organs, such as hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands, these parts protect underlying tissues, help regulate body temperture , house a variety of sensory receptors and synthesize certain products. Skeletal system - correct answer consists of bones as well as ligaments and

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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cartilages that bind bones together. these parts provide frameworks and protective sheilds for softer tissues , are attachments for muscles, and act with muscles when body parts move. tissues within bones also produce blood cells and store inorganic salts Muscular system - correct answer by contracting and pulling their ends closer together, muscles provide forces that move body parts. they also maintain posture and are the main source of body heat. Nervous system - correct answer consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. sends electrochemical signals called nerve impulses. Endocrine system - correct answer includes all the glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones.the hypothalamus of the brain, the pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands; and the pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus Cardiovascular system - correct answer includes the heart, arteries, veins,

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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capillaries, and blood. Pumps blood through the body to transport gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes. Lymphatic system - correct answer includes lymphatic vessels, lymph fluids, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. cells are called lymphocytes, and they defend the body against infections by removing disease -causing microorganisms and viruses from tissue fluid. Digestive system - correct answer includes the mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine. break down food molecules into simpler forms that can pass through cell membranes and be absorbed. Respiratory system - correct answer includes the nasal cavity, pharnx, larnyx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. oxygen passes from the air within the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters the air.

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Urinary system - correct answer includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys remove wastes from the blood and help maintain the body's water and salt (electrolyte concentration)the product of these activities is urine. Reproductive system (male) - correct answer includes scrotum, testes,epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra. these parts produce and maintain sperm cells (spermatozoa). components of the male reproductive system also transfer sperm cells into the female reproductive tract. Reproductive system (female) - correct answer includes ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva. these organs produce and maintain the female sex cells (egg cells or oocytes), transport the female sex cells within the female reproductive system , and can receive the male sex cells (sperm cells) for the possibility of fertilizing an egg. the female reproductive system also supports the development of embryos , carries the fetuses to term, and functions in the birth process.

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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Anatomical Position - correct answer The body is standing erect, face forward, with the upper limbs at the sides and palms forward. Relative Position - correct answer describes the location of one body part with the respect to another. Superior - correct answer means that a body part is above another part or is closer to the head. ( The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity) Inferior - correct answer means that a body part is below another body part of is toward the feet. ( the neck is inferior to the head) Anterior - correct answer (or ventral) means towards the front. ( the eyes are anterior to the brain) Posterior - correct answer (or dorsal) is the opposite of anterior; it

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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means toward the back. ( the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity) Medial - correct answer refers to an imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves. A body part is medial if it is closer to this line than another part. (the nose is medial to the eyes) Lateral - correct answer means toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline ( the ears are lateral to the eyes) Bilateral - correct answer refers to paired structures, one of which is on each side, (the lungs are bilateral) Ipsilateral - correct answer refers to the structures on the same side ( the right lung and the right kidney are ipsilateral.) Contralateral - correct answer refers to the structures on the opposite side. ( a patient with a fractured right leg wold have to

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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bear weight on the contralateral - in this case- left, lower limb) Proximal - correct answer describes a body part that is closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part. ( the elbow is proximal to the wrist) proximal may also refer to another reference point such as proximal tubule, which is closer to the filtering structure in the kidney. Distal - correct answer is the opposite of proximal. it means that a particular body part is farther from a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part. (the fingers are distal from the wrist) distal may also refer to another reference point , such as decreased blood flow distal to occlusion of a coronary artery. Superficial - correct answer means situated near the surface. ( the epidermis is the superficial layer of skin.) Peripheral - correct answer also means outward or near the surface. it describes the location of certain blood vessels and

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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nerves. (the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord are peripheral nerves) Deep - correct answer describes parts that are more internal than superficial parts. ( the dermis is the deep layer of the skin.) Sagittal - correct answer refers to a lengthwise plane that divides the body into right and left portions. if the sagittal plane passes along the midline and divides the body into equal parts , it is called median (midsagittal). A sagittal section lateral to midline is called parasagittal. Traverse - correct answer ( or horizontal) refers to a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Coronal - correct answer ( or frontal) refers to a plane that divides the body into the anterior and posterior portions. cross section - correct answer cut across a cylindrical organ

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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oblique section - correct answer angular cut on a cylindrical organ longitudinal section - correct answer lengthwise cut on a cylindrical organ Epigastric region - correct answer refers to the upper middle portion of the abdominal area left and right hypochondriac region - correct answer lie on each side of the epigastric region umbilical region - correct answer refers to the middle protion of abdominal area left and right lumbar regions - correct answer lie on each side of the umbilical region hypogastric region - correct answer refers to the lower middle portion

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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left and right iliac regions - correct answer (left and right inguinal regions) like on each side of the hypogastric region abdominal - correct answer the region between the thorax and pelvis acromial - correct answer the point of the shoulder antebrachial - correct answer the forearm antecubital - correct answer the space in front of the elbow axillary - correct answer armpit brachial - correct answer the arm

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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buccal - correct answer the cheek carpal - correct answer the wrist celiac - correct answer the abdomin cephalic - correct answer the head cervical - correct answer the neck costal - correct answer the ribs coxal - correct answer the hip crural - correct answer the leg

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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cubital - correct answer the elbow digital - correct answer finger or toe dorsal - correct answer the back femoral - correct answer the thigh frontal - correct answer the forehead genital - correct answer the reproductive organs gluteal - correct answer the buttocks

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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inguinal - correct answer the groin - depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh lumbar - correct answer the loin- the region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis mammary - correct answer the breast mental - correct answer the chin nasal - correct answer nose occipital - correct answer the lower posterior region of the head oral - correct answer mouth

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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orbital - correct answer the eye cavity otic - correct answer the ear palmar - correct answer the palm of the hand pateller - correct answer the front part of the knee pectoral - correct answer Chest pedal - correct answer foot pelvic - correct answer the pelvis

physiology 10th edition Questions And

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perineal - correct answer the perineum - the region between the anus and the external reproductive organs plantar - correct answer the sole of the foot popliteal - correct answer the area behind the knee sacral - correct answer the posterior region between the hip bones sternal - correct answer the middle of the thorax, anteriorly sural - correct answer the calf of the leg tarsal - correct answer the instep of the foot