Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1- Introduction to, Exams of Human Physiology

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and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Anatomy - correct answer The branch of science that deals with the structure (morphology) of body parts. Physiology - correct answer The study of body functions. Characteristics of Life - correct answer 1. Movement

2. Responsiveness
3. Growth
4. Reproduction
5. Respiration
6. Digestion
7. Absorption
8. Circulation
9. Assimilation
10. Excretion Movement - correct answer Change in position of the body or of a body part; motion of an internal organ.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Responsiveness - correct answer Reaction to a change taking place inside or outside the body. Growth - correct answer Increase in body size without change in shape. Reproduction - correct answer Production of new organisms and new cells. Respiration - correct answer Obtaining oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and releasing energy from foods (Some forms of life do not use oxygen in respiration.) Digestion - correct answer Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Absorption - correct answer Passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids. Circulation - correct answer Movement of substances from place to place in body fluids. Assimilation - correct answer Changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms. Excretion - correct answer Removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions. Requirements of Organisms - correct answer 1. Water

2. Foods
3. Oxygen
4. Heat
5. Pressure

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Water - correct answer -Most abundant substance in the body -Required for metabolic processes -Required for transport -Regulates body temperature Food - correct answer -Supply energy -Supply raw materials Oxygen - correct answer -One-fifth of air -Used to release energy from nutrients Heat - correct answer -Form of energy -Party controls rate of metabolic reactions Pressure - correct answer -Application of force to something.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

-Two types: a) Atmospheric pressure b) Hydrostatic pressure Atmospheric Pressure - correct answer Important for breathing. Hydrostatic Pressure - correct answer Keeps the blood flowing throughout the body. Homeostasis - correct answer A state of balance in which the body's internal environment remains in the normal range. Homeostatic Mechanisms - correct answer -Monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes. -Three types: a) Receptors b) Set Point c) Effectors

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Receptors - correct answer Provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment. Set Point - correct answer Tells what a particular value should be. Effectors - correct answer Cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment. Negative Feedback - correct answer Maintains homeostasis (ex: thirst, respiration, body temperature) Positive Feedback - correct answer Changes cause additional similar changes. Atom - correct answer Smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Molecule - correct answer A particle composed of two or more joined atoms. Macromolecule - correct answer Large molecules formed when smaller molecules combine in complex ways. Cell - correct answer Basic structural & functional unit of all living things. Tissue - correct answer Cells with a common origin, appearance, and function. Differentiation - correct answer Group of cells having a common origin become specialized for certain physiological functions. 4 Types of Tissues in Animals - correct answer 1. Epithelial

2. Connective

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

3. Muscular
4. Nervous Epithelial Tissue - correct answer Covers and protects surfaces. Connective Tissue - correct answer Joins parts together and provides support. Muscular Tissue - correct answer Allows movements to occur. Nervous Tissue - correct answer Responds to environmental stimuli and coordinates bodily activity. Organ - correct answer Two or more different kinds of tissues joined together to perform a specific function.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Organ System - correct answer A group of organs act together to perform a highly complex and specialized function. Organism - correct answer A group of organ systems form an organism. Axial Portion - correct answer -Body cavity that includes the head, neck, and trunk. -Two major cavities: a) Dorsal Cavity b) Ventral Cavity Appendicular Portion - correct answer Body cavity that includes the upper and lower limbs. Dorsal Cavity - correct answer Can be subdivided into two parts: a) Cranial Cavity

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

b) Vertebral Canal Cranial Cavity - correct answer Within the skull; houses the brain. Vertebral Canal - correct answer Contains the spinal cord within sections of the backbone (vertebrae). Ventral Cavity - correct answer Consists of a: a) Thoracic Cavity b) Abdominopelvic Cavity Viscera - correct answer Organs within a ventral cavity. Diaphragm - correct answer A sheetlike structure largely composed of skeletal muscle and connective tissue that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities; also, a caplike contraceptive device inserted in the vagina.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Thoracic Cavity - correct answer Composed of skin, skeletal muscles, and various bones. Mediastinum - correct answer Separates the thoracic cavity into two compartments. Thoracic Viscera - correct answer Located in the mediastinum containing the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland. Abdominal Cavity - correct answer Houses viscera like the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the small and large intestines. Pelvic Cavity - correct answer Portion of the abdominopelvic cavity enclosed by the hip bones.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Cavities within the Head - correct answer 1. Oral Cavity

2. Nasal Cavity
3. Orbital Cavities
4. Middle Ear Cavities Oral Cavity - correct answer Containing the teeth and tongue. Nasal Cavity - correct answer Located within the nose and divided into right and left portions by a nasal septum. Sever air-filled sinuses connect to the nasal cavity which include the frontal sinuses and sphenoidal sinuses. Orbital Cavities - correct answer Containing the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves. Middle Ear Cavities - correct answer Containing the middle ear bones.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Parietal pleura - correct answer Cell of a gastric gland that secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. Visceral Pleura - correct answer Membrane that covers the surfaces of the lungs. Parietal - correct answer Refers to the membrane attached to the wall of a cavity. Visceral - correct answer Refers to the membrane that is deeper- toward the interior and covers an internal lung. Pleural Membranes - correct answer Serous membranes that enclose the lungs and line the chest wall. Pleural Cavity - correct answer Potential space between pleural membranes.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Visceral Pericardium - correct answer Thin membrane that covers the heart's surface. Pericardial Cavity - correct answer Potential space between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium. Peritoneal Membranes - correct answer The lining membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity. Integumentary System - correct answer Organs of this system include the skin and various accessory organs, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. Skeletal System - correct answer Consists of bones, ligaments, and cartilages.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Muscular System - correct answer Organs of this system include muscles. Nervous System - correct answer Organs of this system include the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. Never Impulses - correct answer Electrochemical signals used by cells within the nerve system in order to communicate with one another. Endocrine System - correct answer Includes all the glands that secrete chemical messages called hormones. Hormone - correct answer A substance that an endocrine gland secretes and that the blood or body fluids transport. Cardiovascular System - correct answer Organs in this system include the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Lymphatic System - correct answer Composed of the lymphatic vessels, lymph fluids, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen; sometimes considered part of the cardiovascular system. Digestive System - correct answer Organs of this system receive foods from the outside and break them down. Organs of this system include the mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine. Respiratory System - correct answer Organs of this system move air in and out and exchange gases between the blood and the air. Organs in this system consist of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Urinary System - correct answer Organs of this system include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Reproductive System - correct answer Organs of this system include the scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, urethra, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva. Anatomical Position - correct answer Standing erect, face forward, with upper limbs at the sides and the palms forward; left and right refer to the left and right of a body in anatomical position. Superior - correct answer A body part is above or closer to the head. Inferior - correct answer A body part is below another or toward the feet. Anterior (Ventral) - correct answer Meaning towards the front.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Posterior (Dorsal) - correct answer Opposite of anterior; it means toward the back. Medial - correct answer Relates to an imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves. Lateral - correct answer Towards the side with respect to the imaginary midline. Proximal - correct answer Describes a body part that is closer to a point of attachment than another body part. Distal - correct answer The opposite of proximal; a particular body part is farther from a point of attachment than another body part. Superficial - correct answer Situated near the surface.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Deep - correct answer Describes parts that are more internal. Sagittal - correct answer Refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions. Transverse - correct answer Refers to a cut that divides the body into superior and inferior portions. Coronal - correct answer Refers to a section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. Abdominal Regions - correct answer 1. Epigastric Region

2. Left Hypochondriac Region
3. Right Hypochondriac Region
4. Umbilical Region
5. Left Lumbar Region

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

6. Right Lumbar Region
7. Hypogastric Region
8. Left Iliac Region
9. Right Iliac Region Epigastric Region - correct answer Refers to the upper middle portion. Left Hypochondriac Region - correct answer Lie on the left side of the epigastric region. Right Hypochondriac Region - correct answer Lie on the right side of the epigastric region. Umbilical Region - correct answer Refers to the middle portion. Left Lumbar Region - correct answer Lie on the left side of the umbilical region.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Right Lumbar Region - correct answer Lie on the right side of the umbilical region. Hypogastric Region - correct answer Refers to the lower middle portion. Left Iliac Region - correct answer Lie on the left side of the hypogastric region. Right Iliac Region - correct answer Lie on the right side of the hypogastric region. Abdominal - correct answer The region between the thorax and pelvis. Acromial - correct answer The point of the shoulder. Antebrachial - correct answer The forearm.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Antecubital - correct answer The space in front of the elbow. Axillary - correct answer The armpit. Brachial - correct answer The arm. Buccal - correct answer The cheek. Carpal - correct answer The wrist. Celiac - correct answer The abdomen. Cephalic - correct answer The head.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Cervical - correct answer The neck. Costal - correct answer The ribs. Coxal - correct answer The hip. Crural - correct answer The leg. Cubital - correct answer The elbow. Digital - correct answer The finger. Dorsal - correct answer The back.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Femoral - correct answer The thigh. Frontal - correct answer The forehead. Genital - correct answer The reproductive organs. Gluteal - correct answer The buttocks. Inguinal - correct answer The depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh (groin). Lumbar - correct answer The region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis (loin). Mammary - correct answer The breast.

and Physiology 8th Edition: Chapter 1-

Introduction to Human Anatomy and

Physiology Questions And Answers

Mental - correct answer The chin. Nasal - correct answer The nose. Occipital - correct answer The lower posterior region of the head. Oral - correct answer The mouth. Orbital - correct answer The eye cavity. Otic - correct answer The ear. Palmar - correct answer The palm of the hand.