HOLE'S ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - FINAL EXAM - CHAPTERS 1-5, 7, 9, 11-13, Exams of Nursing

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HOLE'S ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY - FINAL EXAM - CHAPTERS 1-5, 7, 9, 11-

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

organelles make up - CORRECT ANSWER-cells cells make up - CORRECT ANSWER-tissues tissues make up - CORRECT ANSWER-organs organs make up - CORRECT ANSWER-organ systems organ systems make up - CORRECT ANSWER-organisms homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER-the condition of a stable internal environment Negative Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER-When the deviation from the set point is corrected and the correction reduces the action of the effectors Anterior - CORRECT ANSWER-towards the front Posterior - CORRECT ANSWER-towards the back superior - CORRECT ANSWER-a body part is above another part Inferior - CORRECT ANSWER-a body part is below another part

Medial - CORRECT ANSWER-a midline dividing the body into equal halves Lateral - CORRECT ANSWER-away from the imaginary midline Proximal - CORRECT ANSWER-a body part that is closer to a point of attachment to the trunk Distal - CORRECT ANSWER-a body part that is farther to a point of attachment to the trunk Superficial - CORRECT ANSWER-near the surface Deep - CORRECT ANSWER-more internal Sagittal - CORRECT ANSWER-a lengthwise plane that divides the body into right and lift portions. Transverse - CORRECT ANSWER-a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions Frontal - CORRECT ANSWER-a plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions Proton - CORRECT ANSWER-positively charged Neutrons - CORRECT ANSWER-neutral charge Electrons - CORRECT ANSWER-negatively charged Atomic Number - CORRECT ANSWER-number of protons Atomic Weight - CORRECT ANSWER-number of protons and neutrons Acidic Ph - CORRECT ANSWER-0-

Basic Ph - CORRECT ANSWER-7- Polypeptide is what - CORRECT ANSWER-a protein Primary (level of protein structure) - CORRECT ANSWER-amino acid sequence Secondary (level of protein structure) - CORRECT ANSWER-pleated sheet Tertiary (level of protein structure) - CORRECT ANSWER-3D structure Quaternary (level of protein structure) - CORRECT ANSWER-two or more polypeptide chains combine Which level of protein structure is the most complex - CORRECT ANSWER-quaternary Carbohydrates with 6 carbon atoms (simple sugars) - CORRECT ANSWER-monosaccharides Carbohydrates are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER-carbon hydrogen and oxygen What is RNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Ribonucleic Acid What is DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Deoxyribonucleic Acid What does RNA do - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein synthesis What does DNA do - CORRECT ANSWER-stores the molecular code in genes Nucleotides are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER-phosphate sugar and a base

organic molecules consist of - CORRECT ANSWER-hydrogen and carbon what is glycosis - CORRECT ANSWER-breakdown of glucose what is glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER-store form of glucose What does saturated mean - CORRECT ANSWER-there's a hydrogen in every molecule Passive Process - CORRECT ANSWER-does not require input of energy Active Process - CORRECT ANSWER-requires the input of energy in the form of ATP (the only non- passive) Simple diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-movement of molecules down a concentration gradient. From a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration Facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-utilizes a transport protein to assist the molecule in its passage across cell membrane Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER-movement of H20 from high to low concentration Tonicity - CORRECT ANSWER-relative solute concentration of two solutions Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER-solutions have = solute concentrations Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER-solution has less solute than the other Hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER-solution has more solute than the other Mitochondria (Organelles) - CORRECT ANSWER-produce ATP (energy)

Lysosomes (Organelles) - CORRECT ANSWER-garbage can Golgi (Organelles) - CORRECT ANSWER-transports proteins to vesicles (UPS) Nucleus (Organelles) - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA Ribosomes (Organelles) - CORRECT ANSWER-site for protein synthesis Cilia (Organelles) - CORRECT ANSWER-move mucus through your trachea Endoplasmic Reticulum (Organelles) - CORRECT ANSWER-rough - has ribosomes smooth - lipid synthesis, detoxify synthesis (found in liver) anabolic reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-large molecules are constructed from small molecules (requiring energy) catabolic reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-small molecules are broken down (releasing energy) hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-adding water dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER-taking water away Characteristics of an enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER-1. catalyst (speeds up reactions)

2. it's a protein
3. complex shape (determines shape of active shape)
4. recycled by the cell
5. not changed during reaction
6. work in small quantities

cellular respiration - CORRECT ANSWER-1. glycosis

2. citric acid cycle
3. electron transport chain the process of DNA ---> mRNA is - CORRECT ANSWER-transcription the process of mRNA ---> Protein (amino acids) - CORRECT ANSWER-translation four types of tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-epithelial, connective (most abundant), muscle, nervous three major muscle types - CORRECT ANSWER-skeletal (voluntary) smooth, cardiac ciliated pseudo-stratified - CORRECT ANSWER-found in trachea stratified squamos epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER-located in the skin Yellow Marrow - CORRECT ANSWER-stores fay Red Marrow - CORRECT ANSWER-forms red and white blood cells and platelets