HSP3U Unit 1 Test Preparation well answered to pass, Exams of Nursing

Download HSP3U Unit 1 Test Preparation well answered to pass and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! HSP3U Unit 1 Test Preparation Social Sciences - correct answer ✔✔The scientific discipline involving the organized study of people and their activities and relationships; aims to understand human society, culture, actions, attitudes, and behaviour; uses a research inquiry model. Colonialism - correct answer ✔✔Conquering or settling occupied or unoccupied territory. Imperialism - correct answer ✔✔The dominance of one political community over another political community. The weaker political community is influenced to serve the dominant power's interests. The Enlightenment - correct answer ✔✔An era from the 1650s to the 1780s in which the cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, rationality,analysis, and individualism. Enlightenment thinking opposed superstition and the Church. Reason - correct answer ✔✔Enlightenment thinkers denounced supernatural occurrences such as superstition. Scientific Revolution - correct answer ✔✔The explosion of modern science that took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. The Scientific Revolution helped erode superstition and popularized a rational, logical, outlook, on life. Anthropology - correct answer ✔✔The scientific study of humans including their origins, behaviour, and physical, social, and cultural development. Sociology - correct answer ✔✔The systematic study of human social life, groups, and societies. Psychology - correct answer ✔✔The scientific study of the human mind, mental states,and human behaviour. Overconfidence - correct answer ✔✔Our tendency to believe we know more than we do; it inhibits critical thinking. Empirical Approach - correct answer ✔✔Basing decisions or conclusions on observable evidence. Under controlled conditions, researchers collect evidence that may justify a cause-effect conclusion. Critical Thinking - correct answer ✔✔A questioning attitude regarding assumptions and hidden values. It evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions. Inquiry Method - correct answer ✔✔A method of inquiry that involves: purpose, research, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, and conclusion. Primary Research - correct answer ✔✔Involves the collection of original data on a specific topic to test a hypothesis. It can be obtained in a number of ways: through questionnaires, observations, experiments, interviews. Secondary Research - correct answer ✔✔A summary or collection of existing data. Quantitative Methods - correct answer ✔✔Methods that allow the researcher to gather data that can be analyzed to describe, explain, and predict patterns or trends in behaviour. The results can be analyzed using statistics to make generalizations. Qualitative Methods - correct answer ✔✔Those that are used to gather more detailed information from individuals. They help the researcher to understand behaviour. Descriptive Methods - correct answer ✔✔Aim to gather data to present a complete picture of a given subject. The goal of descriptive research is to portray what already exists in a population. Correlational Studies - correct answer ✔✔Try to figure out the relationship between two or more variables like behaviour age, gender, etc. Harlow Monkey Experiment (1971) (Surrogate Mother) - correct answer ✔✔Harry Harlow separated infant rhesus monkeys from their mothers. He offered them surrogate mothers. Infants preferred cloth mothers until they were hungry and then went to wire ones. Monkeys demonstrated psychotic behaviour. Little Albert (1920) - correct answer ✔✔A nine-month-old baby that was conditioned to fear anything white and furry. Milgram Obedience Study (1974) - correct answer ✔✔An experiment on obedience where a "volunteer" teacher was told to provide shocks in increasing increments to a "student" if they got a wrong answer. About 68% shocked students up to 450 volts. David Reimer (1965-2004) - correct answer ✔✔A botched circumcision resulted in David Reimer's penis being burned off. Dr. Money claimed he could turn David into a female. David faced deep psychological issues and committed suicide. Stanford Prison Experiment (1971) - correct answer ✔✔This was an experiment that had a social psychology experiment that attempted to investigate the psychological effects of perceived power, focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison officers. correlational research - correct answer ✔✔Determines if a relationship exists between two or more variables. Correlational studies can only suggest a relationship exists between variables. It is a first step to establishing causation. Independent Variable - correct answer ✔✔The variable presumed to affect or influence other variables; the causal variable. Dependent Variable - correct answer ✔✔A variable that is assumed to depend on or be caused by one or more other variables (independent variables); the variable that is the effect, or outcome, in a cause- effect relationship. Extraneous Variable - correct answer ✔✔Undesirable variables that influence the relationship between specific variables a researcher is examining. Operational Definition - correct answer ✔✔A statement of the procedures or ways in which a researcher is going to measure variables The purpose of operational definitions is control in order for experiments to be replicated. Experimental Group - correct answer ✔✔The group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested. One variable is tested at a time. It is compared to a control group. Control Group - correct answer ✔✔The group in an experiment that closely resembles the experimental group demographically but does not receive the variable being tested. It serves as a comparison group. Random Sample - correct answer ✔✔A subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen. It is meant to be an unbiased representation of a group. Random Assignment - correct answer ✔✔An experimental technique for assigning subjects to either a control (no treatment) or experimental group (treatment). Placebo - correct answer ✔✔A harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect. Placebo Effect - correct answer ✔✔A phenomenon in which a fake treatment (placebo), improves a patient's condition because the person has the expectation that it will be helpful. Reliability - correct answer ✔✔Is the consistency with which a test measures what it measures. Validity - correct answer ✔✔Is the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. Nature and Nurture Issue - correct answer ✔✔The longstanding debate over the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors in human development. Heredity - correct answer ✔✔Physical characteristics and aspects of personality and behaviour that are passed down genetically from your relatives. Chromosomes - correct answer ✔✔Threadlike structures made of DNA and protein. They carry hereditary information from one generation to the next in the form of genes. Humans have 46; 23 from each parent. DNA - correct answer ✔✔The material that carries all of the information about how a living thing will look and function. It helps make protein and allows living things to reproduce. Genes - correct answer ✔✔The smallest unit of heredity that is passed from parent to offspring. They carry information that determines the characteristics, or traits, of a living thing. Environmental Influences - correct answer ✔✔Family, peers, socio-economic status, school, religion, workplace, government, media, etc. Identical Twins - correct answer ✔✔Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms. Also known as monozygotic twins. Fraternal Twins - correct answer ✔✔Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment. Also known as dizygotic twins. Twin and Adoption Studies - correct answer ✔✔Compare identical and fraternal twins and twins raised apart to study the impact of family environment and genetic makeup. Minnesota Twin Studies - correct answer ✔✔A series of studies designed to study the influence of genetics on personal and behavioral traits. Findings suggest that both genetics and environment play a strong role in the development of personal characteristics. Jim Twins - correct answer ✔✔Identical twins separated at birth and reunited 38 years later. They had surprising similarities:married women of the same name and named their sons and dogs the same names. Impact of Nature - correct answer ✔✔Personality, styles of thinking, and relating; abilities/intelligence test scores; attitudes; Interests and tastes; specific fears; brain waves and heart rate;temperament.