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Human Case Study: Headache Diagnosis and Management, Exams of Nursing

A case study of a 26-year-old female patient experiencing frequent severe headaches. It explores various aspects of headache diagnosis, including differential diagnoses, investigations, and management strategies. Questions and exercises related to the case study, making it suitable for medical students or professionals seeking to enhance their understanding of headache management.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/10/2024

loftus-kiara
loftus-kiara 🇺🇸

5

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171 documents

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1 | Pa ge

WEEK 9 I HUMAN CASE STUDY FOR A 26

YEAR OLD FEMALE; REASONS FOR

ENCOUNTER- FREQUENT SEVERE

HEADACHES (CLASS 6512) SCREENSHOTS

INCLUDING ALL RESULTS LATEST AND

COMPLET VERSION 2024- 2025 GRADED A+||

ASSURED PASS!!!

2 | P a g e

3 | P a g e

4 | P a g e

neck stiffness mechanism

inflamed meninges press on dura matter pain fibers from trigeminal nerve

how is cerebral aneurysm screened

MR angiogram

CT w/ contrast angiogram

who need cerebral aneurysm screening

who have 2 1st degree relatives got aneurysm rupture

aneurysm rupture can be warning by

prior less severe headache

2 main reasons of sudden death

cardiac arrythmia

brain hemorrhage

headache differentials

migraine

tension type

cluster

tension type headache mechanism

muscle contraction

trigger by stress

headaches not to miss

subarachnoid hemorrhage

meningitis/encephalitis

subdural hematoma

tumor

giant cell arteritis

glaucoma

subarachnoid hemorrhage features

warning headache

sudden severe

reduced conscious

meningism

family history

causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage

70 % aneurysm rupture

AV malformation and others

meningism

Triad of nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness), photophobia (intolerance of bright light)

and headache

meningitis/encephalitis features

fever

neck stiffness

subdural hematoma features

elderly

alcoholics

anticoagulants

tumor in head features

morning headache

seizures

neurological defects

giant cell arteritis features

unilateral

visual change

jaw claudication

over 50yo

glaucoma features

unilateral

visual change

giant cell arteritis complication

blindness

different pupil size with headache suggest

Inc. cranial pressure

aneurysm at internal carotid/posterior commuting artery junction

how to investigate headache

FBE/UEC/LFT/Coag

CXR

CTbrain

lumbar puncture

how ling after intracranial hemorrhage will you see change in CT?

in secs/mins

Xanthochromia (CSF)

Yellow CSF = RBC's breakdown - implies blood is in CSF for several hours and

not due to trauma.

Usu 6- 24 hrs only

GOLD STANDARD for diagnosis!!

how to manage subarachnoid hemorrhage

prevent rebleeding

treat pain, N&V, inc.ICP

how to prevent rebleeding of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

analgesia

BP control

coiling/cliping/surgery

analygesia subarachnoid hemorrhage using principles

don't make patient drowsy

IV: morphin/phentynol/

oral:codien/oxycodone

BP target to prevent subarachnoid hemorrhage

sys 110- 140

how common is subarachnoid hemorrhage rebleeding

50 % in first 6 weeks

symptoms of inc.ICP

Cushing's triad +

headache

N&V

papilloedema

drowsiness

cushing's triad

increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic

bradycardia

irregular respirations

causes of inc.ICP

space occupying lession

inc. fluid volume

blood/CSF/edema

how hypoventilation causes inc.ICP

hypercapnia causes vasodilaiton in head

signs of transtentorial herniation

unilaterial pupil dilation

contralateral hemiparesis

Cushing reflex

resp failure

Transtentorial herniation

脑幕切迹疝

how to treat inc. ICP

situp 30deg

mannitol

hyperventilation

sedation

remove mass

drain CSF