Human Growth and Development CPCE 100 Questions with Verified Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download Human Growth and Development CPCE 100 Questions with Verified Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Human Growth and Development CPCE 100 Questions with Verified Answers Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are - CORRECT ANSWER psychosocial. In Freudian theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists - CORRECT ANSWER believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior. The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erikson. The statement, "the ego is dependent on the id," would most likely reflect the work of - CORRECT ANSWER Sigmund Freud. Jean Piaget's theory has four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is - CORRECT ANSWER sensorimotor, preparations, concrete operations, formal operations. Some behavioral scientists have been critical of the Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's developmental research inasmuch as - CORRECT ANSWER his findings were often derived from observing his own children. A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered - CORRECT ANSWER conservation. In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to - CORRECT ANSWER volume or mass. A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as - CORRECT ANSWER concrete operations—ages 7 to 11. _______ expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development. - CORRECT ANSWER Lawrence Kohlberg According to Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete op- erational thought. This notion suggests - CORRECT ANSWER one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape. During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget's stage of preoperational thought (stage 2) says, "The rain is following me." This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER egocentrism. Lawrence Kohlberg suggested - CORRECT ANSWER three levels of morality. The Heinz story is to Kohlberg's theory as - CORRECT ANSWER a typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered. The term identity crisis comes from the work of - CORRECT ANSWER Erikson. Kohlberg's three levels of morality are - CORRECT ANSWER pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Trust versus mistrust is - CORRECT ANSWER Erik Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development. A person who has successfully mastered Erikson's first seven stages would be ready to enter Erikson's final or eighth stage, - CORRECT ANSWER integrity versus despair. In Kohlberg's first or preconventional level, the individual's mor- al behavior is guided by - CORRECT ANSWER consequences. Kohlberg's second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by - CORRECT ANSWER a desire to live up to society's expectations and a desire to conform. Heredity assumes - CORRECT ANSWER the normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, that heredity characteristics are transmitted by chromosomes and genes composed of DNA hold a genetic code. Piaget's final stage is known as the formal operational stage. In this stage - CORRECT ANSWER abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solved using deduction. Kohlberg lists _______ stages of moral development which fall into _______ levels. - CORRECT ANSWER 6,3 A person who lives by his or her individual conscience and universal ethical principles - CORRECT ANSWER has, according to Kohlberg, reached the highest stage of moral development and is in the post-conventional level of self-accepted moral principles. Freud's Oedipus Complex - CORRECT ANSWER is the stage in which fantasies of sexual relations with the opposite-sex parent occurs and occurs during the phallic stage. In girls the Oedipus complex may be referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER the Electra complex. The correct order of the Freudian psychosexual stages is: - CORRECT ANSWER oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Gibson researched the matter of depth perception in children by utilizing - CORRECT ANSWER a visual cliff. Theorists who believe that development merely consists of quantitative changes are referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER empiricists. An empiricist view of development would be - CORRECT ANSWER behavioristic. In the famous experiment by Harlow, frightened monkeys raised via cloth and wire mothers - CORRECT ANSWER ran over and clung to the cloth and wire surrogate mothers. A theorist who views developmental changes as quantitative is said to be an empiricist. The antithesis of this position holds that developmental strides are qualitative. What is the name given to this position? - CORRECT ANSWER organicism. In Piaget's developmental theory, reflexes play the greatest role in the - CORRECT ANSWER sensorimotor stage. A mother hides a toy behind her back and a young child does not believe the toy exists anymore. The child has not mastered - CORRECT ANSWER object permanence and representational thought. The schema of permanency and constancy of objects occurs in the - CORRECT ANSWER sensorimotor stage birth to 2 years. John Bowlby has asserted that - CORRECT ANSWER conduct disorders and other forms of psychopathology can result from inadequate attachment and bonding in early childhood. The Harlow experiments utilizing monkeys demonstrated that animals placed in isolation during the first few months of life - CORRECT ANSWER appeared to be abnormal and autistic. According to the Freudians, if a child is severely traumatized, he or she may _______ a given psychosexual stage. - CORRECT ANSWER become fixated at An expert who has reviewed the literature on TV and violence would conclude that - CORRECT ANSWER watching violence tends to make children more aggressive. A counselor who utilizes the term instinctual technically means - CORRECT ANSWER behavior that manifests itself in all normal members of a given species. The word ethology, which is often associated with the work of Konrad Lorenz, refers to - CORRECT ANSWER the study of animals' behavior in their natural environment. A child who focuses exclusively on a clown's red nose but ignores his or her other features would be illustrating the Piagetian con- cept of - CORRECT ANSWER centration. Piaget felt - CORRECT ANSWER teachers should lecture less, as children in concrete operations learn best via their own actions and experimentation. Piaget's preoperational stage - CORRECT ANSWER includes the acquisition of a symbolic schema. Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson agreed that - CORRECT ANSWER each developmental stage needed to be resolved before an individual could move on to the next stage. The tendency for adult females in the United States to wear high heels is best explained by - CORRECT ANSWER sex role socialization. The sequence of object loss, which goes from protest to despair to detachment, best describes the work of - CORRECT ANSWER Bowlby. A counselor who is seeing a 15-year-old boy who is not doing well in public speaking class would need to keep in mind that - CORRECT ANSWER girls possess better verbal skills than boys and boys possess better visual-perceptual skills. Two brothers begin screaming at each other during a family counseling session. The term that best describes the phenomenon is - CORRECT ANSWER sibling rivalry. A preschool child's concept of causality is said to be animistic. This means the child attributes human characteristics to inanimate objects. Thus, the child may fantasize that an automobile or a rock is talking to him. This concept is best related to - CORRECT ANSWER Piaget's pre-operational period, age 2 to 7 years. Elementary school counseling and guidance services - CORRECT ANSWER are a fairly new development which did not begin to gain momentum until the 1960s.