Human Physiology Chapter 13 Test Bank, Exams of Nursing

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Questions and Answers (Latest 2024)

1. The circulatory system helps to maintain normal body temperature. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE
2. Transportation functions of the circulatory system include ________. A) carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide B) carrying metabolic waste C) carrying leukocytes D) carrying absorbed products of digestion E) All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅E
3. The circulatory system is able to provide regulation of other body systems by circulating ________. A) clotting B) hormones C) immunity D) blood gases - Correct Answer ✅B
4. How does the circulatory system function in a protective role in the body?

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A) Prevents blood loss through clotting B) Leukocytes fight infection C) Delivers leukocytes to areas of inflammation and infection D) All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅D

5. Interstitial fluid is derived from ________. A) lymph B) cells C) plasma D) formed elements - Correct Answer ✅C
6. Arteries usually carry oxygen-rich blood toward the heart. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE
7. The "buffy coat" is made up of thrombocytes and leukocytes. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE
8. I Damage to capillaries would prevent cells from exchanging gases and nutrients with one another. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE

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9. Dark red colored blood would be found in the ________, traveling to the ________. A) arteries; heart B) veins; heart C) heart; veins D) capillaries; arteries - Correct Answer ✅B
10. How much blood does the average-sized adult have? A) 2 liters B) 4 liters C) 5 liters D) 7 liters - Correct Answer ✅C
11. A normal hematocrit for women would be ________. A) 30% B) 40% C) 48% D) 52% - Correct Answer ✅B

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12. If blood was only serum, it would lack the ability to stop bleeding when necessary. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE
13. The major plasma protein is ________. A) alpha globulin B) beta globulin C) fibrinogen D) albumin - Correct Answer ✅D
14. Decreased liver protein synthesis would cause the amount of ________ and ________ in the blood to be decreased. A) thromboplastin; RBCs B) RBCs; WBCs C) albumin; fibrinogen D) platelets; albumin - Correct Answer ✅C
15. Blood globulins include which of the following types?

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A) Alpha globulins B) Beta globulins C) Gamma globulins D) All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅D

16. Which blood globulin is an antibody that helps fight infection? A) Alpha globulin B) Beta globulin C) Gamma globulin D) None of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅C
17. Individuals with an increased hematocrit would likely be anemic. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE
18. A normal red blood cell count is in the range of ________ /mm3. A) 4.23-5.98 million B) 4,300-10,

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C) 120-

D) 130,000-400,000 - Correct Answer ✅A

19. Having no nucleus, a biconcave shape, and the function of gas transport would describe a ________. A) red blood cell B) platelet C) white blood cell D) albumin - Correct Answer ✅A
20. Which part of the red blood cell can bind to oxygen? A) Globin part of hemoglobin B) Cell cytoplasm C) Heme part of hemoglobin D) Plasma membrane - Correct Answer ✅C
21. Iron is transported in the blood by the protein ________. A) globin B) fibrinogen

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C) transferrin D) albumin - Correct Answer ✅C

22. A patient has a large portion of his stomach removed during a weight reduction surgery. Following this procedure, he experiences fatigue and is short of breath upon exertion. His surgery most likely resulted in ________. A) iron-deficiency anemia B) pernicious anemia C) aplastic anemia D) leukemia - Correct Answer ✅B
23. Polycythemia would be induced by ________ in the blood. A) decreased oxygen B) increased oxygen C) decreased carbon dioxide D) increased infection - Correct Answer ✅A
24. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of white blood cells?

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A) Have nuclei and mitochondria B) Have amoeboid movement C) Can leave blood vessels D) Make up the major formed element - Correct Answer ✅D

25. The most common type of anemia is ________. A) polycythemia B) pernicious anemia C) iron-deficiency anemia D) aplastic anemia - Correct Answer ✅C
26. The most abundant leukocytes in the blood are the ________. A) eosinophils B) basophils C) neutrophils D) monocytes - Correct Answer ✅C
27. Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte?

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A) Neutrophil B) Eosinophil C) Monocyte D) Basophil - Correct Answer ✅C

28. Which of the following cells produces antibodies? A) Monocyte B) Plasma cell C) Basophil D) Neutrophil - Correct Answer ✅B
29. Blood would clot more slowly in an individual with 100,000 platelets/mm3. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE
30. Leukocytes secrete serotonin, which will reduce the loss of blood. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE

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31. The development of ________ would be inhibited if the actions of granulocyte colony stimulating factor were blocked. A) thrombocytes B) neutrophils C) erythrocytes D) lymphocytes - Correct Answer ✅B
32. The process of blood cell formation is ________. A) leukocytosis B) polycythemia C) hematopoiesis D) hemogenesis - Correct Answer ✅C
33. What is the major hematopoietic organ in the fetus? A) Liver B) Spleen C) Red bone marrow D) Kidneys - Correct Answer ✅A

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34. Which organ secretes erythropoietin? A) Kidneys B) Liver C) Bone marrow D) Lungs - Correct Answer ✅A
35. What is the stimulus for the release of erythropoietin? A) Low RBC count B) Decreased blood oxygen levels C) Low amount of hemoglobin D) All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅D
36. What substances are needed to produce red blood cells? A) Vitamin B B) Folic acid C) Iron D) All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅D

Questions and Answers (Latest 2024)

37. How does hepcidin function in iron homeostasis? A) Increases production of transferrin B) Promotes cellular storage of iron by removing ferroportin channels in enterocytes C) Promotes production and insertion of ferroportin channels in enterocytes D) Increases macrophage destruction of old red blood cells to release iron - Correct Answer ✅B
38. When the wrong blood type is given to a patient, the antibodies in the patient's blood react with the antigens on the surface of the transfused blood causing a reaction called ________. A) neutralization B) precipitation C) agglutination D) coagulation - Correct Answer ✅C
39. John has blood type B. In an emergency, John could receive which of the following blood types?

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A) B only B) AB only C) O only D) B or O - Correct Answer ✅D

40. What type of antigens are present in Type O blood? A) A only B) B only C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B - Correct Answer ✅D
41. Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when ________. A) the mother has blood type A and the fetus has blood type O B) the mother has Rh+ blood and the fetus has Rh− blood C) the mother has Rh− blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood D) the mother has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood - Correct Answer ✅C

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42. A person with Rh− blood will normally have antibodies against Rh present in their blood. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE
43. Mary has type AB blood. Which type of antibodies is present in her plasma? A) Anti-A B) Anti-B C) Anti-A and anti-B D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B - Correct Answer ✅D
44. The prostaglandin, thromboxane A2, stimulates ________. A) vasodilation B) platelet aggregation C) platelet repelling D) vasoconstriction - Correct Answer ✅B
45. Prostacyclin, PGI2, prevents ________. A) vasomotion

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B) platelet aggregation C) vasoconstriction D) clot retraction - Correct Answer ✅B

46. Which substance does NOT inhibit platelet aggregation? A) Nitric oxide B) Prostacyclin C) von Willebrand factor D) CD39 - Correct Answer ✅C
47. Which of the following stimulates the formation of the platelet plug? A) von Willebrand's factor B) ADP C) Thromboxane A D) All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅D

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48. The platelet release reaction is initiated by platelets binding to exposed collagen in a broken membrane. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE
49. Damage to tissues stimulates the activation of the ________ pathway. A) complement B) hemophilic C) intrinsic D) extrinsic - Correct Answer ✅D
50. What ion is necessary for the clotting process? A) Na+ B) K+ C) Ca2+ D) Mg2+ - Correct Answer ✅C
51. What is the role of serotonin in blood clotting? A) Causes platelets to become sticky

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B) Enhances the platelet release reaction C) Causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels to slow loss of blood D) Converts fibrinogen to fibrin - Correct Answer ✅C

52. Hemophilia is ________. A) an X-linked trait B) more prevalent in women C) results in excessive blood clots D) All of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅A
53. Aspirin inhibits blood clotting by directly preventing ________. A) thrombin formation B) platelet plug formation C) fibrin formation D) clot retraction - Correct Answer ✅B
54. The final protein that forms a blood clot is ________.

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A) fibrin B) thrombin C) thromboplastin D) plasmin - Correct Answer ✅A

55. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways activate factors that ________. A) convert prothrombin to thrombin B) convert fibrinogen to fibrin C) convert plasminogen to plasmin D) None of the choices are correct. - Correct Answer ✅A
56. What is the enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin? A) Prothrombin B) Thrombin C) Thromboplastin D) Plasmin - Correct Answer ✅B

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57. Kallikrein is responsible for ________. A) clot dissolution B) serum production C) platelet plug formation D) fibrin formation - Correct Answer ✅A
58. Vitamin K is needed for ________. A) proper clotting factor function B) directly activating fibrinogen C) directly stabilizing the fibrin polymer D) activating antithrombin III - Correct Answer ✅A
59. Which anticoagulant and its action is NOT correctly matched? A) Aspirin—inhibits prostaglandin production and platelet aggregation B) Heparin—inhibits action of thrombin C) Coumadin—inhibits tissue thromboplastin

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D) Citrate—combines with calcium to prevent its function with clotting factors - Correct Answer ✅C

60. The pulmonary veins return oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium. - Correct Answer ✅FALSE
61. The pathway of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart is the ________ circulation. A) cardiac B) systemic C) pulmonary D) pleural - Correct Answer ✅C
62. The oxygen content of arteries in the pulmonary circulation is high. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE
63. A greater pressure in the right ventricle than the aorta causes the pulmonary valve to open. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE

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64. If the ________ were not properly functioning, congestion in the venous system would be an expected sign. A) tricuspid valve B) bicuspid valve C) mitral valve D) pulmonary semilunar valve - Correct Answer ✅A
65. What structures keep the AV valves from everting under high ventricular pressure? A) Annuli fibrosis B) Interventricular and interatrial septa C) Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae D) Semilunar valves - Correct Answer ✅C
66. The amount of blood ejected by the ventricles per beat is termed the ________. A) cardiac output B) end diastolic volume C) blood pressure

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D) stroke volume - Correct Answer ✅D

67. Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the end of diastole/beginning of systole. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE
68. During isovolumetric ventricular contraction, ventricular pressure is ________. A) increasing B) decreasing C) unchanged - Correct Answer ✅A
69. During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation ________. A) left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure B) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure C) ventricular pressure is increasing D) the atrioventricular valves are open - Correct Answer ✅B
70. The first heart sound is produced when the semilunar valves close. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE

Questions and Answers (Latest 2024)

71. Heart murmurs may be caused by ________. This causes valves to be less compliant, creating difficulty for blood to move from one chamber to another. A) stenosis B) fibrillation C) regurgitation D) septal defects - Correct Answer ✅A
72. In the fetus, blood can flow from the right atrium to the left atrium through the ________. A) tricuspid valve B) ductus arteriosus C) foramen ovale D) ductus venosus - Correct Answer ✅C Section: 13.03
73. Valves are said to be ________ when they do not close properly and blood leaks through them.

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A) stenotic B) weak C) incompetent D) flappy - Correct Answer ✅C

74. Systole refers to the ________ of the ventricles, when pressure is ________. A) relaxation; lowest B) filling; highest C) contraction; highest D) blood flow; lowest - Correct Answer ✅C
75. Increasing the time that the heart spends in diastole has the potential to increase stroke volume. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE
76. What causes the semilunar valves to close? A) Higher pressure in the ventricles than in the atria B) Higher pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles

Questions and Answers (Latest 2024)

C) Higher pressure in the atria than in the ventricles D) Higher pressure in the ventricles than aorta and pulmonary trunk - Correct Answer ✅B

77. What occurs when the pressure in the ventricles drops below the pressure of the atria? A) AV valves open B) AV valves close C) SL valves open D) SL valves close - Correct Answer ✅A
78. The ventricles completely empty when they contract in systole. True or False - Correct Answer ✅FALSE
79. A medication that blocks the calcium channels in the heart muscle would cause a decrease in heart rate. True or False - Correct Answer ✅TRUE