Human Resource Exam 1: Environmental Sustainability, Exams of Human Resource Management

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Human Resource Exam 1Questions

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Which of the following best describes behind the parable of "the tragedy of the commons"? - Correct Answers The exercise of individual self-interest will result in the destruction of land that is freely accessible to all. A measurable aspect of environmental, economic, or social systems that is useful for monitoring changes in system characteristics relevant to the continuation of human and environmental well-being is called a(n) - Correct Answers Sustainability indicator When data collected does not fit your hypothesis, the proper scientific response is to: - Correct Answers Change your hypothesis Nutrient cycling taking place in soil and maintaining a functioning ecosystem is an example of _____ ecosystem services. - Correct Answers Supporting Which elements are associated with eutrophication? - Correct Answers Nitrogen and Phosphorus Production of wood (i.e., lumber) by a forest is an example of ecosystem —— services.

• Correct Answers Provisioning A set of variables can be combined into a single value that provides a convenient way to make comparisons between and track changes in societies. This type of combined values is called - Correct Answers an index Which of the following problems is run-off most closely associated with? - Correct Answers Eutrophication Which of the following best fits within the view of weak sustainability? - Correct Answers Natural capital can decrease as long as increases in other types of capital increases to compensate. Which of the following would NOT result in an increase of carbon in the atmosphere? - Correct Answers Photosynthesis Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of the gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of progress? - Correct Answers The GDP does not measure the distribution of income within a society.

Which of the following best expresses Daly's point regarding "empty world" and "full world" economics? - Correct Answers Neoclassical economic assumptions work are applicable to an "empty world," but not a "full world." Which of the following is NOT renewable resource? - Correct Answers Gasoline Which type of capital is most like to be the limiting factor to growth in "full world" economics? - Correct Answers Natural capital Your ——— is the amount of productive land, fresh water, and ocean required on a continuous basis to supply the resources you use and the process the waste that you produce. - Correct Answers Ecological footprint Which of the following is NOT an example of a common resource? - Correct Answers A privately owned pine forest How did the Brundtland Commission (1987) define sustainable development? - Correct Answers development which meets the needs of the present generation, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Which of the following best describes the movement of matter and energy through the Earth system (i.e., on a planetary scale)? - Correct Answers Matter cycles around the system while energy flows into and out of the syste Which of the following best describes a project in which experts from a wide range of disciplines as well as stakeholders from outside of government and academia are all involved in discussions regarding an environmental challenge? - Correct Answers Trans disciplinary Which of the following best describes a project that includes experts from a wide range of disciplines who are addressing the same issue more or less independently? - Correct Answers Multidisciplinary Which of the following refers to a description of an issue or question used to achieve a desired interpretation or response? - Correct Answers Framing Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes an increase in plant growth since carbon dioxide is a necessary raw material for plants. Increased plant growth draws carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. This is an example of a feedback loop. - Correct Answers Negative (balancing) Wes Jackson's "ignorance-based worldview" by which one accepts that s/he does not know everything there is to know about a system connects best to which of the following interdisciplinary values? - Correct Answers Humility

Which of the following refers to a set of explicit or implied rules guiding behavior? - Correct Answers Social norms Which of the following elements is most closely associated with climate change? - Correct Answers Carbon Which of the following best characterizes Leopold's point in "Thinking Like a Mountain"?

• Correct Answers The importance of understanding the impacts of our decisions on multiple scales Which of the following refers to the tendency to favor immediate benefits over delayed ones? - Correct Answers Discounting Which of the following refers to a simplification of reality-based on intuition, knowledge, and memories-that we use o understand systems - Correct Answers Mental model The lost profits of restaurants along the coast of Louisiana that resulted from the BP oil spill keeping tourists away is considered a(n) because it is not included in the price of oil. - Correct Answers Externality Which of the following best characterizes the environmentalist's paradox? - Correct Answers Human well-being is increasing while ecosystem services are decreasing Which of the following is NOT a lesson from the Goulburn-Broken Catchment case study in Resilience Thinking? - Correct Answers? Which of the following results in exponential growth? - Correct Answers positive (reinforcing) feedback loop Corn harvested from a field is an example of an ecosystem service. - Correct Answers provisioning When the United Nations uses the acronym "SDG," which of the following are the most likely referring to? - Correct Answers O Sustainable Development Goal Impacts of global warming are often most pronounced in developing countries whose residents produce relatively low amounts of carbon emissions per capita. Which of Costanzo’s social traps best describes this aspect of global warming? - Correct Answers Externality The graph shows the number of people entering and leaving a store. During what minute were the most people in the store? (Think about what you know about stocks and flows here.) - Correct Answers Minute 8 (28-9= 19) Flood control by wetlands that keeps water from collecting in our homes and businesses is an example of an ecosystem service. - Correct Answers regulating

A coral reef providing a beautiful place to snorkel is an example of ecosystem services.

• Correct Answers Cultural Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes more extreme conditions in forests (e.g., increased pest populations, droughts) that kill trees. This results in a net loss of forest coverage. This is an example of a feedback loop. - Correct Answers Positive (reinforcing) Which of the following best describes Lynn White Jr.'s contribution to thinking about environmental behavior? - Correct Answers Igniting debate about how our foundational beliefs impact our environmental behavior The figure below shows the populations of a predator species (lynx) and a prey species (hare). What type of feedback loop is dominating this system? - Correct Answers Negative feedback Which of the following best describes Costanzo’s vicious cycles trap? - Correct Answers A positive feedback loop accelerating change in an undesirable direction. People in industrialized countries tend to have larger per capita ecological footprints than people in developing countries. - Correct Answers True Fossil fuels, forests, and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are all important stocks of carbon. - Correct Answers True Intrinsic value is dependent upon the usefulness of the person or thing being valued. - Correct Answers False Energy-Efficient Technologies enable absolute decoupling of human well-being and ecosystem - Correct Answers False Studies show that people are generally well aware of the influence that social norms have on their behavior. - Correct Answers True According to Jackson and Webster, evidence suggests that humans are currently following the stabilization scenarios most closely. - Correct Answers False Increased uncertainty in a situation tends to decrease individuals' willingness to cooperate with each other. - Correct Answers True Ecological economists generally work from the assumption that markets are able to capture the costs of services/products in the price of those services/products. - Correct Answers True

In the Northern Highland Lake District case study from Resilience Thinking, the authors point out the usefulness of feasible scenarios (rather than predictions of simulation models) to explore the future of a social-ecological system. - Correct Answers True Resilience refers to the ability of a system to resist any change from disturbances, consistently maintaining an optimum state. - Correct Answers False