HUN 1201 Midterm Exam Questions and Answers: Nutrition Fundamentals, Exams of Nutrition and Aging

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HUN 1201 Midterm Exam Questions and

Answers.

_____________ is a polysaccharide, but not a dietary source of carbohydrate. - Correct Answer starch Which of the following is an herbal product that has recently been granted the status of "generally recognized as safe" and will be used as an alternative sweetener in the United States? - Correct Answer stevia The process of converting protein to glucose is called: - Correct Answer gluconeogenesis When blood glucose falls, the liver cells break down the glycogen through ____________ reactions into single molecules of glucose and release them into the blood stream. - Correct Answer hydrolysis Which location along the GI tract is responsible for most of the work of carbohydrate digestion? - Correct Answer small intestine ____________ contributes about half the added sugars in the U.S. food supply and accounts for about 10 percent of the average energy intake in the United States. - Correct Answer glucose Which of the following foods has the lowest glycemic index - Correct Answer cherries Which of the following statements regarding lactose intolerance is false? - Correct Answer total elimination of milk products is necessary for those who are lactose intolerant. When blood glucose levels fall, which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to stimulate the liver to break down it's glycogen? - Correct Answer glucagon Which if the following statements about diabetes is true? - Correct Answer In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce insulin.

____________ is the sweetest of the sugars. - Correct Answer fructose When blood glucose falls, the liver cells breaks down glycogen through ___________ reactions into single molecules of glucose and release them into the bloodstream. - Correct Answer hydrolysis Which of the following monosaccharide combinations make up the disaccharide lactose? - Correct Answer glucose + galactose Which of the following carbohydrates is not a monosaccharide? - Correct Answer sucrose Which of the following locations in the body store glycogen? - Correct Answer muscle, liver, and brain The DRI recommendation for fiber intake is - Correct Answer 25-35 grams per day Some studies have shown that selecting foods with a low glycemic index may improve: - Correct Answer blood lipids, weight management, glucose control By following MyPyramid and making careful food selections, a typical adult can obtain all the needed nutrients within an allowance of about ___________ kcalories. - Correct Answer 1500 Which of the following elements is not part of various lipid compounds? - Correct Answer nitrogen Which of the following is not a major source of trans fat? - Correct Answer eggs Which of the following is not a role of lipids in the body? - Correct Answer provision on materials for hair and nail creation. Of the following locations, which one is the site of the greatest fat digestion? - Correct Answer small intestine

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 fatty acids important for all of the following except: - Correct Answer prevention of cancer The roles of phospholipids include: - Correct Answer acting as an emulsifier, being part of cell membranes, helping fat-soluble substances pass in and out of cells The excretion of bile into the feces helps reduce ______________ - Correct Answer blood cholesterol Which of the following oils is not a major source of monounsaturated fat? - Correct Answer corn oil Fats are ______, meaning that they tend to separate from the watery fluids of the Gi tract. - Correct Answer hydrophobic _________ is responsible for converting the inactive form of the enzyme pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin in the stomach. - Correct Answer a. none of these choices b. hydrochloric acid c. saliva d. chymotrypsin e. bile a. none of these choices. Which of the following elements makes proteins different from carbohydrates and fats? - Correct Answer nitrogen Which of the following is not a feature of kwashiorkor? - Correct Answer slow development of condition The most common sign of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is: - Correct Answer poor growth During times of critical illness or protein malnutrition, plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels into the tissues causing swelling. This swelling is called: - Correct Answer edema

__________ is responsible for converting the inactive form of the enzyme pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin in the stomach. - Correct Answer a. none of these choices b. hydrochloric acid c. saliva d. chymotrypsin e. bile a. none of these choices Protein provides ____ kilocalories per gram. - Correct Answer 4 Digestibility for most plant proteins is ________. - Correct Answer 70%- 90% Fat helps add ________ to foods. - Correct Answer flavor, texture, aromas, palability Which of the following is an advantage of hydrogenation? - Correct Answer prolonged shelf life of fats and alteration of food texture by making liquid vegetables more solid only. Which of the following fatty acids in an essential fatty acid? - Correct Answer linoleic acid and linolenic acid only __________ is the nations number one killer of adults. - Correct Answer heart disease The omega number indicates the ____________. - Correct Answer position of the first double bond in a fatty acid. Fatty acids differ from one another according to which of the following characteristics? - Correct Answer length of their chains, degree of saturation, location of double bonds Which of the following statements is true regarding lipid chemistry? - Correct Answer Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids, Fatty acids come in long chains made up of an even number of carbon atoms, Trigylcerides are made up of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

The DRI and Dietary Guidelines recommend a diet that is low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol and provides _________ percent of the daily energy intake from fat. - Correct Answer 20- A/an ________ bond connects the acid end of one amino acid with the amino end of another, forming a link in a protein chain. - Correct Answer peptide The process of _____________ is the making of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids. - Correct Answer gluconeogenesis The quality of a food protein is determined by comparing its amino acid composition with the essential amino acid requirements of which population? - Correct Answer preschool children The area of study that examines how environmental factors influence gene expression without changing the DNA is known as ________________. - Correct Answer epigenetics Which of the following is a role that proteins assist with in your body? - Correct Answer muscle contraction, vision, blood clotting Which population(s) require(s) protein intake to exceed RDA values of 0.8/kg of body weight? - Correct Answer pregnant women, children, infants, women who are breastfeeding Which of the following statements regarding protein absorption is correct? - Correct Answer The digestive enzyme absorbs amino acids at rates that are optimal for the body's use, Enzymes in foods are digested just like all other proteins, Most proteins are broken down to amino acids before absorption.. In order for complementary proteins to function together, they must be consumed in: - Correct Answer the same day The _____________ structure of proteins involves the interaction between two or more polypeptides. - Correct Answer quaternary

During times of critical illness or protein malnutrition, plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels into the tissues causing swelling. This swelling is called: - Correct Answer edema To prevent upsetting the acid-base balance of the blood, the liver cells combine ammonia with ____________ to make urea. - Correct Answer carbon dioxide The study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients is termed: - Correct Answer nutritional genomics The percentage of kcalorie intakes for protein, fat, and carbohydrate that are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases are termed the - Correct Answer Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges. Which of the following is used to determine the presence of abnormal functions inside the body due to a nutrient deficiency? - Correct Answer Laboratory tests Recommendation Dietary Allowances are based on the - Correct Answer Estimated Average Requirement Which of the following is an overt symptom of iron deficiency? - Correct Answer headaches An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a - Correct Answer negative correlation Which of the following is not a feature of the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)? - Correct Answer AI values are more tentative than RDA values. Which of the following figures falls within the carbohydrate range of the AMDR? - Correct Answer 50% International units of energy are expressed in - Correct Answer kilocalories

Which of the following statements defines the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease - Correct Answer The more risk factors for a disease, the greater the chance of developing that disease. Approximately how much water (lbs) would be found in a 120-lb person? - Correct Answer 72 Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients? - Correct Answer some may be destroyed during cooking The complete lining of a persons digestive tract is renewed approximately every - Correct Answer 3-5 days A health magazine contacted you for your expert opinion on what measure best describes the amounts of nutrients that should be consumed by the population. Your reply should be: - Correct Answer The Recommended Dietary Allowances because they represent the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people. What is the upper range of fat intake in the AMDR? - Correct Answer 35% Which of the following is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake? - Correct Answer Setting nutrient goals for individuals. What term describes a food that resembles and substitutes for another food but is nutritionally inferior to it? - Correct Answer imitation food What are the principles of diet planning? - Correct Answer adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety. A food label ingredient list reads in the following order: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would be found in the smallest amount in the food? - Correct Answer cornstarch Which of the following is an enrichment nutrient for grains? - Correct Answer folate

The part of the grain that remains after being refined is the - Correct Answer endosperm Which of the following is a characteristic of food serving sizes? - Correct Answer serving sizes on food labels are not always the same as those of the USDA food patterns. The concept of nutrient density is most helpful in achieving what principle of diet planning? - Correct Answer kcalorie control. Population groups such as sedentary older men, sedentary older women, and active older women have a daily energy need (kcalories) of approximately - Correct Answer 2000 According to USDA Food Patterns, which of the following protein foods should be most limited? - Correct Answer baked beans How many subgroups compromise the vegetable food group? - Correct Answer 5 According to nutrition labeling laws, the amounts of what two vitamins must be listed on the package label as a percent Daily Value? - Correct Answer Vitamins A and C. A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a - Correct Answer nutrient claim. Approximately what minimum percentage of all grains consumed by a person should be whole grains. - Correct Answer 50 Which one the following is a characteristic of enriched grain products? - Correct Answer They have all of the added nutrients listed on the label. __________ are living microorganisms that change the conditions and native bacterial colonies in the GI tracts in ways that seem to benefit health

• Correct Answer probiotics Heartburn can be caused by which of the following conditions? - Correct Answer smoking, wearing tight clothing, eating too much food

Which of the following series is in the correct order for the gastrointestinal tract? - Correct Answer mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Which statement regarding irritable bowl syndrome (IBS) is incorrect? - Correct Answer consuming large meals at regular intervals during the day may be an effective treatment in preventing IBS symptoms. The ____________ is/are the body's major metabolic organ(s) - Correct Answer liver Where goes chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin in the GI tract? - Correct Answer mouth Which of the following statements regarding nutrient transport is false? - Correct Answer Chylomicrons move through the lymph and later enter the bloodstream at a point near the heart. Which of the following types of nutrient absorption requires energy and occurs when nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) move against a concentration gradient? - Correct Answer active transport Which of the following causes ulcers? - Correct Answer bacterial infections Where does digestion begin? - Correct Answer mouth Which GI tract hormone is secreted from the stomach wall in response to the presence of food in the stomach and resulting in hydrochloric acid being secreted into the stomach? - Correct Answer gastrin Which of the following digestive secretions serves to emulsify fat so that enzymes can have access to break down the fat? - Correct Answer bile Which organ of the GI tract has the strongest muscles? - Correct Answer stomach Which of the following sphincters is responsible for preventing reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus? - Correct Answer cardiac sphincter.

The routing of blood for the digestive system has a special feature. Which of the following is the correct path of blood flow for the digestive system taking into account this special feature? - Correct Answer heart to arteries to capillaries to hepatic portal vein to capillaries to hepatic vein to heart. Which of the following foods is a common culprit for choking? - Correct Answer peanut butter, raw carrots, popcorn, hotdogs