HUN1201 Mosing Midterm Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023, Exams of Advanced Education

Download HUN1201 Mosing Midterm Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! HUN1201 Mosing Midterm Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023 Major purpose of dietary guidelines - Correct Answer-to prevent chronic disease and promote health Dietary guidelines - Correct Answer--published and revised by US Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services -provide helpful advice for making smart food choices Observation that provides evidence that a person had good nutritional status is - Correct Answer-normal weight to height ratio Registered Clinical Dietitian - Correct Answer-professional primarily responsible for application of nutrition science in a clinical practice settings Public Health Dietitian - Correct Answer-professional primarily responsible for application of nutrition science in a public health setting Metabolism - Correct Answer-sum of all of the body's chemical processes inside the cells of the nutrients that sustain life and health Food change and transformation through a successive interrelated system - Correct Answer-foods are transformed into simple substances that can be absorbed into the body and enters the metabolic pathways in the cell Nutrients interact in the body to - Correct Answer-regulate metabolic processes, to build and repair tissue, and to provide energy Best source of nutrients - Correct Answer-provided by a variety of foods (mixture of macro and micronutrients) Primary nutritional function of the large intestine - Correct Answer-absorption of water Most digestion in the body takes place in - Correct Answer-the small intestine specifically the duodenum Exchange Lists for Meal Planning - Correct Answer--groups food that are equivalent in their macronutrient content -specifically designed to have carb consistency for patients with diabetes Food as it occurs naturally is - Correct Answer-a mixture of chemical substances and nutrients Nutrients released from food - Correct Answer-remain unavailable to the body until they cross the intestinal wall and are transported to tissues for storage or immediate use 4 major functions in digestion and absorption - Correct Answer-1. receives food 2. releases nutrients from food 3. delivers nutrients into the blood 4. excretes indigestible waste Digestion - Correct Answer-the first step in preparing food for use by the body 2 types of actions produced by digestion - Correct Answer-1. muscular- chew the food into small particles 2. chemical- enzymes act on it Muscles along the GI tract produce - Correct Answer--mixing motions assist in the breakdown of food materials -rhythmic contractions propel the food mass forward along the tract -valve control assists in moving the food forward at the appropriate rate for the digestive function Ileocecal valve connects - Correct Answer-Ilium and Cecum Throughout the GI tract specific nerves - Correct Answer-regulate muscle action Interrelated network of nerves within the GI wall that extends from the esophagus to the anus - Correct Answer-Intramural Nerve Plexus Mastication - Correct Answer-the action of biting, chewing, and breaking up ingested food into smaller particles Mucus benefits - Correct Answer-the lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from self-digestion by mucus CCK- Cholecystokinin - Correct Answer-hormone responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile Salivary Glands (found in the mouth) - Correct Answer-Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublingual Glands Bile - Correct Answer--fluid made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder -helps with digestion -helps enzymes in your body to break down fats into fa, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract 2. glycogen 3. dextrins Glycogen - Correct Answer--storage form of carbohydrate in animals -made in liver cells and stored in relatively small amounts in the liver and muscle Glycogen Reserves - Correct Answer--protect cells, especially brain cells, from depressed metabolic function and injury -support urgent muscle responses as needed -back up source of energy Antiketogenic effect - Correct Answer--ketones are intermediate products of fat metabolism -under extreme conditions when available carbs are inadequate to meet energy needs, fat is oxidized at excessive rates -ketones accumulate and the result is ketoacidosis -sufficient amounts of dietary carbs prevent damaging excess of ketones Nutrition Science - Correct Answer--body of scientific knowledge related to nutritional requirements of human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction -knowledge of the nutritional requirements for the body Macronutrients - Correct Answer-fat, CHO, protein Micronutrients - Correct Answer-vitamins, minerals Water - Correct Answer--regulatory agent -provides essential base for all metabolic processes -percentage of body weight that consists of water in a person of normal body weight is approximately 50-65% -men have more body water because they have more muscle Recommended Nutrient Ratios (calories) - Correct Answer--Protein 10-35% -CHO 45-65% -Fat 20-30% Functions of Food - Correct Answer--source of nutrients that the body requires -plays a factor in satiety Individual nutrients have specific functions - Correct Answer-no nutrient ever works alone! General Functions of Nutrients - Correct Answer--provide energy -build and repair body tissue -regulate metabolic processes that maintain homeostasis and sustain life Fiber - Correct Answer--another form of CHO -does not provide energy or calories Fats - Correct Answer--body's alternate storage form of energy -9 kcal/gram -intake limited to 20-35% total kcal -< 10% should be from saturated fat Lipoproteins are produced - Correct Answer-in the intestinal wall after the initial absorption of dietary lipids and liver for constant recirculation to and from cells LDL - Correct Answer--low-density lipoprotein -positively associated with cardiovascular disease Amino Acids - Correct Answer--form basic building blocks of protein -20 used to build body proteins -9 essential amino acids- cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food -5 indispensable amino acids- can be made by the body in adequate amounts -conditionally indispensable amino acids fall in between Protein - Correct Answer-nitrogen is a vital element in protein necessary for our body's structure (protein is 16% nitrogen) Protein Balance - Correct Answer-the steady state that exists between protein synthesis (anabolism) and protein breakdown (catabolism) Complete Proteins - Correct Answer--animal foods -contain all of the indispensable amino acids in the amounts and ratio needed to support protein synthesis -includes eggs, milk, cheese, meat, poultry, and fish Incomplete Proteins - Correct Answer--plant proteins -supply less than the required amount of one or more indispensable amino acids or are missing an indispensable amino acid Infections are - Correct Answer-common in people who have inadequate protein intake because of insufficient quantity of antibodies Low protein intake during pregnancy - Correct Answer-increases risk of a low-birth weight infant Primary function of proteins - Correct Answer--build, repair, and maintain body tissues -provide energy if there is a shortage Anabolism - Correct Answer--tissue building -builds tissue through the synthesis of new protein Tissue building nutrients - Correct Answer-protein, minerals, and vitamins Calcium and Phosphorous - Correct Answer-build and repair bone Iron builds - Correct Answer-hemoglobin Vitamin C - Correct Answer-tissue synthesis and healthy skin Vitamin A - Correct Answer--aids in vision in dim light -fat-soluble (also D, E, K) heat stable -pro-vitamin A- produce section -pre-vitamin A- liver Hormones - Correct Answer-substances that serve as chemical messengers to help regulate and control enzyme activity Nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control - Correct Answer-include minerals, vitamins, and water Ideal Status - Correct Answer--nutrient intake neither deficient or an excess -nutrient reserves at upper end of normal range and not used for daily use Marginal or Borderline Status - Correct Answer--nutrient intake is minimal -nutrient reserves are lacking Overt Malnutrition - Correct Answer--nutrient intake insufficient -reserves are depleted -most vulnerable- those living in poverty, infants and children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and hospitalized patients and residents in long-term care facilities Monitoring Well Being - Correct Answer--health measure of concern- nutrition, intake, body weight status, bone health, iron deficiency anemia, blood lipid levels Guides have shifted from - Correct Answer-preventing undernutrition to controlling chronic diseases related to overnutrition RDA - Correct Answer-reference for intake levels of essential nutrients to be adequate for most healthy people Adequate Intake (AI) - Correct Answer-suggest new beneficial effects of particular nutrients (i.e. calcium and vitamin D) Upper Level (UL) - Correct Answer-draws attention to dangers of inappropriately high intakes of specific nutrient (more is not better)