IAI Certification Exam 2024: 400 Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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IAI CERTIFICATION EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 4 00 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ What happens as ISO increases - CORRECT ANSWER

image becomes more pixilated. grainy How do you eliminate a hotspot? - CORRECT ANSWER Hold flash at diagonal angle to wall use bounce flash slight diagonal viewpoint Theory of Reciprocity - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Multiple exposure combos as one goes up, the other goes down What virus lasts in dried blood at room temperature for a week? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Hep B

What part of the print causes stabilization on fire items - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The salt and moisture Will corrodes metal What is the class difference in blood? - CORRECT ANSWER

Blood Type A, B, AB, O and the blood antigens What are the passive blood stains? - CORRECT ANSWER Drops Flows Pools ***Gravity Acting on blood DNA was first reported? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>> When was the structure discovered? - CORRECT ANSWER

What is Zone Search? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>breaks down a zone into smaller more manageable areas What is the Nitrate Compound Test called? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Griers Test Blue Light with an Orange Filter is good for? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Hair and Fibers Prints with fluoresce powder

Biologicals Algor Mortis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The cooling of the body after death, highly variable Livor Mortis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Settling of blood due to gravity after circulation ends, visible as soon as 30 minutes after death, fixed in 8 hours Transitory Effects - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Fleeting changes eventually destroyed by time and environment ( ice in glass, heat from cig) Relational Details - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>details that allow for physical placement of items within the scene (Void in spatter) Functional details - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Operating condition ( Does it work, does the gun fire) Mechanical Fit - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Fracture matching, fitting pieces of damaged items to source object Spiral/ Circle Search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Mainly interior Managing pace is critical Start from outside work in, or vice versa

Transfer Stain - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Object contacts existing blood stain Wipes Swipes Pattern Transfer Smear How does light act on an object - CORRECT ANSWER

Reflected absorbed Transmitted converted What is the UV light range - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>100nm

• 400nm What is the visible light range - CORRECT ANSWER

400nm - 700nm What is the evidence Linkage Triangle - CORRECT ANSWER connects the scene, victim and suspect with the evidence Hair and Fibers Prints with fluoresce powder Biologicals Algor Mortis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The cooling of the body after death, highly variable Livor Mortis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Settling of blood due to gravity after circulation ends, visible as soon as 30 minutes after death, fixed in 8 hours Transitory Effects - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Fleeting changes eventually destroyed by time and environment ( ice in glass, heat from cig) Relational Details - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>details that allow for physical placement of items within the scene (Void in spatter) Functional details - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Operating condition ( Does it work, does the gun fire) Mechanical Fit - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Fracture matching, fitting pieces of damaged items to source object Spiral/ Circle Search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Mainly interior Managing pace is critical Start from outside work in, or vice versa Transfer Stain - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Object contacts existing blood stain Wipes Swipes Pattern Transfer Smear How does light act on an object - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Reflected absorbed Transmitted converted What is the UV light range - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>100nm - 400nm What is the visible light range - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>400nm - 700nm What is the evidence Linkage Triangle - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>connects the scene, victim and suspect with the evidence What are the 5 search patterns - CORRECT ANSWER Circle/ spiral Grid

Point to point Zone line/strip What is Strip/ Line search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Exterior scenes with large areas create strips and move down then loop back What is the correct order of Phenophalene - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Alcohol Pheno Hydrogen Peroxide What is line search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Good for uneven terrain all stand in an area and walk together in one direction What is called when A bullet enters and doesn't exit? - CORRECT ANSWER

Penetration What is body panorama - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Series of photographs to completely capture the body, includes facial close-ups and sides photographs

Rigor Mortis - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death, peaks at 8-12 hours and relaxes after 24-48 hours What are the class characteristics of tires? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Tread Noise treatment Tread wear bar What is close hand contact - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>muzzle direct contact on skin Loose contact - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>small gap between muzzle and skin Near contact - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Muzzle is less than 5 inches from skin Intermediate range - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>muzzle is 5- 40 inches from skin, stippling is present intermediate cannot be determined What is Decomp - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Physical putrefaction of the tissue due to bacteria What is Total station system - CORRECT ANSWER

Automated surveying system

Henery Classification system - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>A fingerprint identification system that assigns numerical value to each finger depending on if a type of print is found on that finger Classification of fingerprints - CORRECT ANSWER

Fingerprint pattern interpretation, ridge counting and ridge tracing What to consider with context of evidence ( it can manifest its self in 5 ways) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Predictable effects-change to the scene/evidence with regularity (Stages of Insects, rigor) Unpredictable effects- changes unexpectedly /random- lights on/off, doors open/closed Transitory effects- fleeting, fail to stand out (heat of cig, ice melt) ( time and environment destroy) Relational details- physically place items at scene- void patterns Functional details- operating condition- does the weapon work? Blood- Blood dispersed with accelerated motion - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Small jet, called cast off (linear pattern)

Blood Blood accumulating/ flowing on surface - CORRECT ANSWER

regular margins, pools, saturates Blood Blood dispersed due to secondary contact with surface - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Pattern transfers, smear/wipes/swipes Blood Blood dispersed with gravity - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>drip, drip trails, or blood into blood (circular with satellites) what is the difference between fluorescent and phosphorescence - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Fluorescent- emits a glowing light only while they are currently being stimulated by a stronger, higher intensity light. ( turn light off, it stop fluorescence) Phosphorescence- ability of some materials to retain some of the radiation they have absorbed from a stimulating light and then continue " glowing" after stimulation has ceased If a light source is emitting a UV Light, what filter should you use? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>UV filter or a yellow filter If a light source is emitting a blue light, what filter should you use? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>An orange filter

What is the IR light range - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>700nm - 1000nm What is Zone focusing - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Max DOF of an area when infinity is not in the background Best to .................................... a digital exposer? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Underexpose How much light/ how "Big" for F/2 and F/22 - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>F/22 little light, small shutter opening F/2 lots of light, wide open shutter opening Whay does it look like dirty snow - CORRECT ANSWER

snow reflects more than 18% of light, resulting in a Pattern transfers, smear/wipes/swipes Blood Blood dispersed with gravity - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>drip, drip trails, or blood into blood (circular with satellites) what is the difference between fluorescent and phosphorescence - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Fluorescent- emits a glowing light only while they are currently being stimulated by a stronger, higher intensity light. ( turn light off, it stop fluorescence) Phosphorescence- ability of some materials to retain some of the radiation they have absorbed from a stimulating light and then continue " glowing" after stimulation has ceased If a light source is emitting a UV Light, what filter should you use? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>UV filter or a yellow filter If a light source is emitting a blue light, what filter should you use? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>An orange filter What is the IR light range - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>700nm - 1000nm What is Zone focusing - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Max DOF of an area when infinity is not in the background Best to .................................... a digital exposer? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Underexpose How much light/ how "Big" for F/2 and F/22 - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>F/22 little light, small shutter opening F/2 lots of light, wide open shutter opening Whay does it look like dirty snow - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>snow reflects more than 18% of light, resulting in a camera trying to underexpose the image. so it looks dirty What is wagon wheel Ellipse? - CORRECT ANSWER Circular wheel appears elliptical when viewed from the side, distortion caused by perspective Interior Over Alls - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Search Warrant? place evidence to fixed item, only evidence and fixed object if possible, nothing else Bridge/ relate the interior to exterior, provide context for midrange photos

Buried Bodies (2 Varieties of cases) - CORRECT ANSWER

Police will be presented with a grave ( found) Police will be seeking a grave Vertical Surface Pattern V-Pattern - CORRECT ANSWER Suggest areas of specific Concern Fire- Point of Origin/ Low Burn - CORRECT ANSWER point of origin and low burn are usually found within proximity of each other. Not all low burns mean a point of origin Fire Patterns - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Char Pattern- direct flame involvement Pattern and depth analyses can demonstrate the relative time of burn and the direction Smoke/ Soot- Outflow of fire product Smoke associated with hot-gas-layer pattern on vertical surfaces help with the development and the flow of the fire Damage- Single item or whole room helps determine flow

Fire tends to flow...... - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Up and outward from the source in a 3D pattern When does fire become an Exothermic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>When there is sustained interaction between the pyrolyzed fuel, heat and oxygen All make a fire tetrahedron Fire is what type of reaction as it is starting - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Endothermic it requires sustained heat to actually break down the fuel source into gas vapors that burn (pyrolysis) Post- Mortem - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Paller- 12 - 120 minutes after death- paleness Livor-settling of blood in the body in as little as 30 minutes after death (Lividity, Hypostasis) Rigor- Stiffening of the muscles of the body, affects all the muscles of the body at the same rate. can appear after 2 hours of death, and is typically greatest at 8-12 hours after death. will begin to break down and disappear between 18- 12 hours. (Rigidity) Algor- Steady decline of body temp until it matches ambient

temperature- temperature reading from liver (cooling) Putrefaction- Decomp Wounds - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>incised - deep cut/slice into skin by sharp object - Longer than deep Stab - Sharp force- deeper than it is long Blunt - crushing of tissue-called abrasion, contusion, laceration laceration - deep tear of skin/flesh from blunt force trauma abrasions - scrape, scratch or graze to skin puncture - foreign body imbedded in skin contusion- bruises- beneath the skin How long after death do flies lay eggs - CORRECT ANSWER

around 20 minutes, in warm moist areas RFLPs downfall is - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>reliance on large and un-degraded samples PCR allows - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>a small amount of DNA to be increased exponentially decreasing the risk of contamination and destruction of a limited amount of DNA can use very small quantities STR can use? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>degraded and small samples

aperture - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>an opening or hole Shutter Speed - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The amount of time the shutter inside the camera is open to expose your photo. aperture problem - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Occurs when only a portion of a moving stimulus can be seen, as when the stimulus is viewed through a narrow aperture. This can result in misleading information about the direction in which the stimulus is moving. Aperture Priority Mode - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>mode which allows the photographer to select the F-stop and the camera to select the remaining settings for proper exposure Depth of Field (DOF) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The distance between the closest point to the camera that is in focus and the furthest point from the camera that is also in focus. Shutter Priority Mode - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Often represented by an "S" or "TV" on the camera settings. This mode allows the photographer to set the shutter speed, while the camera will adjust the other aspects (like aperture, white balance, and so on) in relation to the shutter speed setting.

Manual Mode - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>mode which allows the photographer to select the settings for aperture, shutter speed and ISO depth of field/focus - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The range of a camera lens. Depth of field refers to the distance furthest away from a lens in which the objects being photographed will remain in focus approaching infinity. Depth of focus refers to the closest proximity to the lens in which the objects being photographed will remain in focus approaching the infinitesimal. What is the express purpose of processing a scene? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>-Recover physical evidence

• Document the scene as found The 6 basic steps in the examination of a crime scene- assessing, observing, documenting, searching, collecting and analyzing- can be accomplished in any order. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False crime prevention - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>efforts to keep crime from occurring Crime repression - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Active investigation and the identification of those responsible for the crime

Regulating non-criminal conduct refers to - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>controlling general behavior patterns Provisions of services refers to: - CORRECT ANSWER

The scope of services provided by police Physical evidence is always collected? True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False Sometimes it is not collected at all If an item of evidence is individualized, there is no longer a need to consider its context. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False Probable cause is the investigative standard True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False it is not the investigative standard Timing and sequencing are two distinct concepts True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True A check list is useful when processing a scene and should always be followed step by step True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False you need to be flexible

Mechanical fit is another term for? - CORRECT ANSWER

Fracture match Fracture match is a class characteristic True or false - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False It is individualize Loops make up what percent - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>65% Arches make up what percent - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>5% Whorls make up what percent - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>30% In 1973 it was determined that there was no minimum requirement for agreement of minutiae in order for a print to be individualized True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True Fingerprints found at a crime scene consist of 98% grease,

oil, salt and amino acids True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False 98% water, 2% grease, oil, salts and amino acids

Wet bench serology testing results provide - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>class characteristics What is the correct pairing of the DNA subunits? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Guanine & Cytosine Adenine & Thymine what is the downfall of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The need for a large amount of un-degraded genetic material what is the downfall of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The resulting statistics the results are consistent with results for a class xharacteristic What are the benefits of short tandem repeats (STR) technology - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>They need for only small amounts of genetic material The resulting statistics What is the downfall of STR - CORRECT ANSWER

Contamination issues What is the difference between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA is - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The number of base pairs the structure

it is inherited from only the mother Hair examination routinely result in individualization True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False they are class Fibers are classified first by their origination source the categories of which include natural, synthetic and what? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Manufactured Comparing a glass fragment with a known glass sample in an effort to determine if it can be excluded or included as having originated from a common source is - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Type determination Concentric fractures radiate out from a central point in the fracture true or false - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False radial fractures radiate out Concentric encircles Ridge lines on radial fractures form right angles to the side from which the force was applied true or false - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False its the opposite side

The manner of death is categorized as - CORRECT ANSWER

Homicide Suicide Undetermined Can documenting a scene be intrusive - CORRECT ANSWER Yes, especially documenting blood stain patterns, road mapping and taking measurements A single barrier around the scene perimeter is adequate for long term scene integrity True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False need working area, buffer, evidence holding etc. The approach to processing in which a single tram handles all the activities is called? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Area approach In terms of using a wide angle lens, the distortion increase with an increase in the field of view True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True Placing scales and evidence markers into the scene is considered scene alteration True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True

Evidence establishing photographs are those that depict items that have been identified with placards True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False Close up photographs need to be taken without a scale to avoid attacks by defense counsel reference material alterations of the scene True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True Orientation issues are often significant because the orientation of an item has the potential to change conclusions True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True The term "primary subject" of a photograph refers to a single object within the composition. True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False primary subject - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>the thing about which a conclusion is being drawn. Is also referred to as the focal point or emphasis/focal point What does it mean to eliminate irrelevant subject matter in a photograph - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>To fill the frame

The use of a larger aperture results in a larger DOF true or false - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False results in a smaller DOF What is a functional approach - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The team leader designates different teams to do different activities Untreated fingerprints sometimes need to be photographed on glossy surfaces. What is the term used for the technique using a sheet glass at 45 degrees so that the camera and the light source can occupy the same space? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Coaxial lighting What is the term for the highest overall level of contrast found in an image - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Dynamic range dynamic range - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>the range of exposures that may be captured by a detector Camera sensors have the maximum dynamic range at the minimum ISO setting True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True The circle or spiral search pattern is generally used in what kind of scene? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Interior scene

You need to slow your speed as the area narrows more and more Strip and line searches are usually done in what kind of scenes - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Exterior scenes, with large areas What is the difference between a line search and a strip search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The number of searchers Strip has 1 or 2 Line has a group of searchers Zone search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Used for confined small areas like a car- break down into zones about 10 zones Used for larger scenes and break them into a more manageable size. Then the searcher can use another method in that zone How long does the HIV virus stay active in dry form - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>3-5 days Mid range photos are also called - CORRECT ANSWER

Evidence establishing/ relationship photographs Is road mapping an intrusive process - CORRECT ANSWER yes, multiple labels and scales make it intrusive

Class characteristics best serve the forensic professional by - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Placing an item in a group eliminating possibilities What does an acid phosphate test for - CORRECT ANSWER

Sperm What is the most common form of evidence at a scene - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Finger prints The presence of saliva can be determined by testing for the

True The circle or spiral search pattern is generally used in what kind of scene? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Interior scene You need to slow your speed as the area narrows more and more Strip and line searches are usually done in what kind of scenes - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Exterior scenes, with large areas What is the difference between a line search and a strip search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>The number of searchers Strip has 1 or 2 Line has a group of searchers Zone search - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Used for confined small areas like a car- break down into zones about 10 zones Used for larger scenes and break them into a more manageable size. Then the searcher can use another method in that zone How long does the HIV virus stay active in dry form - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>3-5 days Mid range photos are also called - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Evidence establishing/ relationship photographs Is road mapping an intrusive process - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>yes, multiple labels and scales make it intrusive Class characteristics best serve the forensic professional by - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Placing an item in a group eliminating possibilities What does an acid phosphate test for - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Sperm What is the most common form of evidence at a scene - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Finger prints The presence of saliva can be determined by testing for the presence of - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Amylase or starches what percent of hairs and fibers are lost in the first 8 hours?

• CORRECT ANSWER >>>>90% Evaluation of multiple bullet defects in glass and where their radial fractures meet is used with? - CORRECT ANSWER

Sequence of force determination Trace examiner uses what when analyzing paint samples - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>infrared spectrometry Gas chromatography Scanning electron microscopes Fluorescent Microscopy

What can detect singular particles of gun shot residue - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Scanning electron microscope The primer cap is struck by ........... which ignites the primer compound which in turn ignites the gunpowder - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Firing Pin The rule of thirds will not apply to close up photography true or false - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True What camera variables affect the cameras DOF - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>F/Stop Lens Selection Distance from camera to subject Who is credited as the inventor of photography and what year - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Joseph Niepce 1862 Aimee Laussedat - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>considered the developer of Photogrammetry Enhancing the DOF when taking close up photographs of small items requires a change in F/stop True or False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>False

The distance in millimeters between the optical center of a lens and the sensor when the camera is focused on infinity?

• CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Focal Length What type of lens will elongate the distance between the foreground and background (Increase DOF) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Wide Angle Why do some cameras have a focal length multiplier - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>the digital sensor is smaller than the film negative Defect in an image produced by a lens that reduces the resolution of the image - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Aberation Bending of light when it strikes an edge causing a loss of resolution, a loss of edge sharpness and loss of clairity - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Diffraction A flash guide number is a means to discuss a flash units outpower True False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True When standing close to your target, the flash is best removed so it can be aimed more accurately True False - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>True