IB Biology, Unit 2 - Molecular biology Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023), Exams of Nursing

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and Answers (Latest Update 2023)

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids. - Correct Answers ✅protein Class of organic compounds containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - Correct Answers ✅carbohydrate Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. - Correct Answers ✅lipid The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid - Correct Answers ✅peptide bond Bond beween the hydroxyl group C-1 carbon and hydroxyl group of another sugar - Correct Answers ✅glycosidic bond The bond formed when fatty acid molecules are joined to glycerol molecules in condensation reactions. - Correct Answers ✅ester bond

and Answers (Latest Update 2023)

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water - Correct Answers ✅hydrolysis A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction. - Correct Answers ✅condensation reaction A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. - Correct Answers ✅polypeptide The overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. - Correct Answers ✅quarternary structure Irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges. - Correct Answers ✅tertiary structure The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain. - Correct Answers ✅secondary structure

and Answers (Latest Update 2023)

Sequence of Amino Acids - Correct Answers ✅primary structure A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group. -COOH - Correct Answers ✅carboxyl group A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by Beta glycosidic linkages - Correct Answers ✅cellulose A complex, extensively branched polysaccharide of many glucose monomers; serves as energy storage molecule in liver and muscle cells - Correct Answers ✅glycogen Compact, generally rounded, and readily enter an aqueous solution. Can only function if in a solution - Correct Answers ✅globular protein (Structural proteins) Insoluble in water; chief building materials of the body; usually used to construct connective tissues, tendons, bone matrix and muscle fiber. - Correct Answers ✅fibrous protein

and Answers (Latest Update 2023)

An insoluble fibrous protein of vertebrates that is the chief constituent of the fibrils of connective tissue (as in skin and tendons) and of the organic substance of bones. - Correct Answers ✅collagen An iron-containing protein present in red blood cells that combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin. It's function is to transport oxygen around the body. Example of a globular protein. - Correct Answers ✅haemoglobin changing the conformation of a protein through, pH, temperature, or salt concentration changes - Correct Answers ✅denaturing hydroxyl group on carbon number one and carbon number five are on the same sides of the carbon ring. forms the polymers starch and glycogen - Correct Answers ✅alpha glucose forms the polymer cellulose; OH above the plane of the ring on C1; cannot be digested (broken down) by most organisms - Correct Answers ✅beta glucose

and Answers (Latest Update 2023)

A molecule made up of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol; Does energy storage, thermal insulation, binds and cushions organs, fills space - Correct Answers ✅triglyceride A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. Phospholipids form bilayers that function as biological membranes. - Correct Answers ✅phospholipid Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end - Correct Answers ✅polar molecule A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule - Correct Answers ✅covalent bond A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. - Correct Answers ✅ionic bond

and Answers (Latest Update 2023)

A type of weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water coalesce to exclude the water. - Correct Answers ✅hydrophobic interactions A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. - Correct Answers ✅hydrogen bond Building blocks of protein - Correct Answers ✅amino acid a molecule that has two poles - Correct Answers ✅dipole