IBHRE CEPS Test Final Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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IBHRE CEPS Test Final Exam Questions

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Latest Update 2025

Ohm's law equation --- correct answer --- V=IR

EKG monitored patient should be __________, monitor chassis should be ___________ (nonconductive). Why --- correct answer --- ungrounded, grounded. Grounded patient would be able to conduct leakage currents. we dont want this

lb to kg --- correct answer --- 2.2 lb = 1 kg

F to C --- correct answer --- C=5/9(F-32)

C to F --- correct answer --- F=9/5C+

3 things that change automaticity of automatic cells --- correct answer --- 1. slope of phase 4

2. Change of threshold potential
3. Change of resting membrane potential

a systole is represented by what portion of the ECG --- correct answer --- QT interval

What is main ion transfer during systole --- correct answer --- K+ seeps out, Ca2+ enters

At rest, what is intracellular/extracellular environment --- correct answer --- inside negative, outside positive

What phase of AP is resting membrane potential --- correct answer --- phase 4

P value --- correct answer --- Probability of certainty / smaller p value means the more likely the result could not occur by chance

survival curve showing % of patients surviving treatment over time --

- correct answer --- Kaplan - Meier curves

when measuring EGM's, earliest atrial activation usually from _____ and earliest ventricular usually from ______ --- correct answer --- P wave / QRS

Morady maneuver is used to differentiate --- correct answer --- differentiate AT from AVNRT/AVRT

Most common arrhythmia --- correct answer --- AF

Most common SVT --- correct answer --- AVNRT

What type of single use devices can be resterilized and why? --- correct answer --- Diagnostic EP electrodes because lumen and technically not a catheter because no lumen

Fr to mm --- correct answer --- 1 Fr = .33 mm

Tip inner diameter standard diagnostic cardiac catheters and why --- correct answer --- .038 inch / because it is supposed to be used with .035-.038 inch guide wires

What is 2 rules for CMC's like spiral or lasso --- correct answer --- 1. Only approved for use in LA due to chordae tendinea

2. Only rotate shaft clockwise

Stereotaxis catheters --- correct answer --- Have magnets in tip for maneuverability in response to changes in magnetic field

How each is measured: Diagnostic catheter OD , Inflated balloon cath OD, Needle OD, Guide wire --- correct answer --- Diag: Fr / Balloon: mm / Needle: gauge / GW: inch (thousandth of inches)

Standard sizes of micropuncture introducer sets and their purpose --- correct answer --- 21 gauge needle / .018 inch wire. Purpose of micropuncture introducer set is for placement of .035-.038 inch GW

Best needle to use for pericardial space via subxyphoid approach --- correct answer --- Tuohy needle

which type of guide wire is 260-300 cm long? --- correct answer --- exchange guide wires (much longer than diagnostic catheter)

advantage of bipolar leads --- correct answer --- less prone to EMI noise

Unipolar leads more prone to --- correct answer --- 1. EMI / muscle artifact oversensing

2. pectoralis muscle stimulation (pocket stim)

Steroid tip leads reduce acute: --- correct answer --- inflammation and stimulation threshold

Best numbers for ventricular lead --- correct answer --- Threshold <1 V / Sensing >4 mV

programmed stimulation --- correct answer --- Consists of incremental pacing and extrastimuli

Sharp, curved GW used to go transseptal --- correct answer --- SafeSept Guidewire

ICE advantage over TEE --- correct answer --- General anesthesia not needed for ICE

What is used to visualize shunts or distinguish right from left chamber --- correct answer --- Agitated saline

Where does conductive heating occur --- correct answer --- 2 - 5 mm beneath electrode

typical lesion size of 7 Fr 4 mm dry tip --- correct answer --- 5 - 6 mm wide / 2-3 mm deep

What to do when using irrigated ablation catheter at more than 30 W and why --- correct answer --- increase flow rate to 15-30 ml/min to avoid char formation

What happens to pump when coming on ablation --- correct answer --- increases flow (8-30 ml/min)

Never do what with cryoballoon --- correct answer --- never pull balloon sheath of catheter, only pull it back onto shaft / dont pull back while frozen

Inner/outer diameter of FlexCath --- correct answer --- 12 Fr/15 Fr

Cryomapping performed at what specs? --- correct answer --- - 30 C for <60s

Adherence to tissue with cryocath is indicated by --- correct answer --- distal electrode electrical noise

The worm like muscle strands within the RV chamber are termed? --- correct answer --- Trabeculae carnea

Diaphragmatic surface of LV is --- correct answer --- inferior wall

neurotransmitter at parasympathetic nerve junctions --- correct answer --- acetylcholine

Carotid sinus massage --- correct answer --- - chronotropic effect

inspiration results in --- correct answer --- increased heart rate and RV stroke volume, increased venous return, decreased intracardiac pressure

vascular resistance occurs at --- correct answer --- arterioles

where is blood flow slowest --- correct answer --- capillaries

vessels with greatest cross-sectional area --- correct answer --- capillaries

largest mean blood pressure drop occurs where --- correct answer --- arterioles

Which vessels store largest volume of blood --- correct answer --- systemic veins

which vessels have most smooth muscle --- correct answer --- large arteries

fastest blood flow --- correct answer --- aorta

lowest blood pressure --- correct answer --- SVC / IVC

dicrotic notch --- correct answer --- marks beginning of LV diastole

arterial pulse pressure --- correct answer --- the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

% of filling volume from different methods --- correct answer --- rapid diastolic filling (suction cup) = 60%

Diastasis (passive filling) = 25%

EF equation --- correct answer --- EF = SV/EDV

Most important measure of LV function --- correct answer --- EF

Preload --- correct answer --- end diastolic filling or stretching of ventricles. Increased preload means increase SV

Preload occurs during --- correct answer --- V diastole

What increases cardiac filling pressure (CVP) --- correct answer --- 1. calf muscle contraction

2. sympathetic vasomotor activity
3. exercise

ANYTHING that increase venous return and thus increases preload

Inotropism --- correct answer --- intrinsic ability of heart to contract with particular intensity

Afterload --- correct answer --- The force or resistance against which the heart pumps (force opposing ejection of blood). Increased afterload will decrease CO

athletes lower heart rate due to --- correct answer --- intrinsic decreased SAN rate

Peak exercise, why BP doesnt significantly elevate even though CO may increase 7 fold? --- correct answer --- decreased systemic VR

holding pressure: venous vs arterial sheath removal --- correct answer --- Venous: on the site / Arterial: just above

Order of pulling sheaths --- correct answer --- should pull arterial, hold pressure, then pull venous (Kern)

Loculated definition --- correct answer --- Means effusion is in small compartments (localized to certain area in the heart)

What will be seen when pericardiocentesis needle touches epicardium --- correct answer --- ST elevation

Common complication with high femoral artery punctures --- correct answer --- Retroperitoneal hemorrhage or bleeding into the belly

6 P's of acute arterial occlusion --- correct answer --- 1. Pain

2. Pulseless
3. Paralysis
4. Paraesthesia (numbness)
5. Polar (coldness)
6. Pallor

Most common chamber of perforation in right/left heart cath --- correct answer --- RV

To rule out pneumothorax, it is most important to order a ____ --- correct answer --- PA and lateral chest x-ray

2 most common complications during PVI procedures --- correct answer --- 1. PV stenosis

2. Cardiac tamponade

2 things to monitor to prevent phrenic nerve damage --- correct answer --- 1. pacing phrenic

2. observe inhalation on fluoro (if one side stops moving=bad)

asymptomatic phrenic nerve damage can be seen with --- correct answer --- hemidiaphragm on x-ray (half of diaphragm is elevated)