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IHP 515- Week 8 quiz- Population-Based

Epidemiology-with verified answers-2024-

Content

User Dina Mayo-Jones Course IHP-515-X4160 Population-Based Epidemiology 17TW4 Test 8-3 Quiz: Module Eight Started 5/25/17 4: PM Submitted 5/25/17 4: PM Status Completed Attempt Score 37.5 out of 50 points Time Elapsed 35 minutes Results Displaye d All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Feedback, Incorrectly Answered Questions

- Question 1

External validity is not connected with the selection of

sample subjects.

2.5 out of 2. points Selecte d Answer : Fals e Answers: True Fals Respons e Feedbac k: e

Good

work

- Question

2 2.5 out of 2.

points

In community intervention studies, it is important for the

investigator to evaluate whether a program has achieved its

intended results before assuming the benefits of the

intervention.

Selecte d Answer:

Review Test Submission: 8-3 Quiz:

Module Eight

Tru e Answers: Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question

3 2.5 out of 2.

points

Clinical trials enroll individual subjects and enable

randomization of subjects to receive or not receive the

intervention.

Selected (^) Tru

Answer: e Answers: Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question 4 The purpose of the washout period is to reinforce the carryover effect. 2.5 out of 2. points Selecte d Answer : Fals e Answers: True Fals Respons e Feedbac k: e Goo d wor k - Question

2.5 out of 2. points

Randomized controlled trials at the community level are

typically used in special situations where there is a simple

intervention.

Selecte d Answer : Tru e Answers: Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question

6 2.5 out of 2.

points

Relative risk is the ratio of the risk of disease among the

exposed to the risk among the unexposed.

Selecte d Answer : Tru e Answers:

Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question 7

A therapeutic trial involves the study of the

effectiveness of a substance or program to prevent

disease.

2.5 out of 2. points

Selecte d Answer : Fals e Answers: True Fals Respons e Feedbac k: e

Good

work

- Question 8

Cohort studies preserve the temporality of cause

(exposure) happening before the effect (disease).

0 out of 2. points Selecte d Answer : Fals e Answers: Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

That's not

correct

- Question

9 2.5 out of 2.

points

Survival curves may be used to portray patients' survival in

clinical studies.

Selecte d Answer : Tru e Answers: Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question

10 2.5 out of 2.

points

Repeated cross-sectional surveys may underestimate past

smoking behavior of older-age cohorts.

Selecte d Answer : Tru e Answers:

Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question

11 2.5 out of 2.

points

As an epidemiologist, you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women. For your sample, you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth, a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor. In addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. Note: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy. The resultant data are: Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions. The relative risk between exposure to the drug and malformations is: Selected Answer: 14 Answers: (^10) 12 14 16 18

- Question 12 Identify which of the following six types of study designs most appropriately characterizes the situation described below. 2.5 out of 2. points The physical examination records of the incoming freshmen class of 1935 at the University of Minnesota were examined in 1980 to see whether their recorded height and weight at the time of admission to the university are related to their chance of developing coronary heart disease by 1981. Selected Answer: (^) Historical prospective cohort study Answers: (^) Cross-sectional study Case-control study Prospective cohort study Historical prospective cohort study Clinical trial Community trial - Question 13

0 out of 2.5 points

As an epidemiologist, you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women. For your sample, you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth, a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor. In addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. Note: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy. The resultant data are: Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions. Suppose that a relative risk of 0.5 has been found. Which interpretation might follow? Selected Answer: (^) The risk of congenital malformations is equal among users and non- users of the drug. Answers: The risk of congenital malformations is half as high among users of the drug as among non-users. The risk of congenital malformations is equal among users and non- users of the drug. The risk of congenital malformations is twice as high among users of the drug as among non-users of the drug. Use of the drug is a protective factor for congenital malformations. A and D

- Question 14

Regarding the RR reported above, which statement is

correct?

Selected 2.5 out of 2. points Answer:

Exposure to vitamin A is a risk factor for morbidity

and a protective factor for mortality for measles.

Answer s:

Exposure to vitamin A appears to protect against

morbidity and mortality for measles.

Exposure to vitamin A appears to be a risk factor for

morbidity and mortality for measles.

Exposure to vitamin A is not associated with morbidity and

mortality for measles.

Exposure to vitamin A is a risk factor for morbidity

and a protective factor for mortality for measles.

Response Good

Feedback: work

- Question 15

Match the term with the definition below: arm

Selected Answer:

None of the above

Answers: A study plan on which all clinical trials are

based

0 out of 2. points Respons e Feedbac k:

Any of the treatment groups in a randomized trial

The process of learning the key facts about a clinical

trial before deciding whether or not to participate

A modification of the effect of the drug when

administered with another drug

None of the above

That's not

correct

- Question

16 2.5 out of 2.

points

Subjects for an exposure-based cohort study would be selected most

appropriately from:

Selected Answer:

certain occupational groups

such as battery workers

Answers : Respons e Feedbac k:

certain occupational groups such as

battery workers

the residents of a large U.S. county

male Harvard alumni from 1916 to

1950 all of the above

Good

work

- Question 17

Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials may

include:

Selected Answer:

all of

the

above

2.5 out of 2.5 points

Answers: subclinical disease

physical measures such as

reduction in blood pressure

reduction in symptoms associated

with disease

Respons e Feedbac k:

all of the above

Good

work

- Question 18 Identify which of the following six types of study designs most appropriately characterizes the situation described below. 0 out of 2. points You are interested in finding out whether middle-aged men who have premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are at greater risk of developing a myocardial infarction (heart attack) than men whose heartbeats are regular. Electrocardiogram (ECG) examinations are performed on all male office employees 35 years of age or older who work for oil companies in Houston. The ECG tracings are classified as irregular or regular. Five years later, myocardial infarction rates are compared between those with and those without baseline ECG irregularities. Selected Answer: (^) Cross-sectional study Answers: Cross-sectional study Case-control study Prospective cohort study Historical prospective cohort study Clinical trial Community trial - Question 19 0 out of 2.5 points As an epidemiologist, you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women. For your sample, you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth, a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor. In addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. Note: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy. The resultant data are: Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their

pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions. What type of study design is this? Selected Answer: (^) Prospective cohort study Answers: Retrospective cohort study Prospective cohort study Historical prospective study Ambispective cohort study None of the above

- Question

20 2.5 out of 2.

points

Which of the following studies is an example of a population-

based cohort study?

Selected Answer:

All of the above

Answers: Tecumseh Study

Framingham Study

Iowa Women's

Health Study

Respons e Feedbac k:

All of the above

Good

work

Sunday, June 4, 2017 8:38:36 AM EDT Review Test Submission: 8-3 Quiz: Module Eight

Content

User Dina Mayo-Jones Course IHP-515-X4160 Population-Based Epidemiology 17TW4 Test 8-3 Quiz: Module Eight Started 5/25/17 4:48 PM Submitted 5/25/17 5:16 PM Status Completed Attempt Score 45 out of 50 points Time Elapsed 27 minutes Results Displaye d All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Feedback, Incorrectly Answered Questions

- Question 1 Identify which of the following six types of study designs most appropriately characterizes the situation described below. 0 out of 2. points To test the efficacy of a health education program in reducing the risk of foodborne and waterborne diseases, the residents of two Peruvian villages were given an intensive health education program. At the end of two years, the incidence rates of important water-borne and food-borne diseases in these villages were compared with those in two similar control villages without any education program. Selected Answer: (^) Case-control study Answers: (^) Cross-sectional study Case-control study Prospective cohort study Historical prospective cohort study Clinical trial Community trial - Question 2

An example of passive follow-up in cohort studies

is:

Selected

Answer: collection and maintenance of data

by the federal government

2.5 out of 2. points Answer s:

collection and maintenance of data by the

f e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t

Respons e Feedbac k:

telephone calls to study

participants use of follow-up

mailings

use of written invitations to return to the

study site

Good

work

- Question

3 2.5 out of 2.

points

Which of the following studies is an example of a population-

based cohort study?

Selected

Answer: All of the above

Answers: Tecumseh Study

Framingham Study

Iowa Women's

Health Study

Respons e Feedbac k:

All of the above

Good

work

- Question

4 2.5 out of 2.

points

Which types of health issues are likely to be addressed in

community trials?

Selected Answer:

All of the

above topics

Answers:

Smokin

g

cessatio

n

HIV/AIDS

Healthy eating

Respons e Feedbac k:

All of the

above topics

Good

work

- Question 5

The purpose of double-blinding in clinical trials is to:

Selected Answer:

A and B only

Answers: reduce error that results from the way in

which the outcome is assessed

0 out of 2. points

reduce error that results from subjects' knowledge

of their assignment to study conditions

reduce error that results from non-random

assignment to study conditions

A and B only

Respons e Feedbac k:

all of the above

That's not

correct

- Question

6 2.5 out of 2.

points As an epidemiologist, you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women. For your sample, you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth, a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor. In addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. Note: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy. The resultant data are: Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions. The number of individuals who both did not take the drug and were not malformed was: Selected Answer: 15 0 Answers: 1 4 0 1 5 0

0

0

- Question 7 2.5 out of 2.5 points

Practical considerations in the design of cohort studies do not

usually include:

Selected Answer:

age of the

investigat

or

Answers: availability

of exposure

data

size and cost of

the cohort

follow-up issues

scientific

justification

Respons e Feedbac k:

age of the

investigator

Good

work

- Question 8

Match the term with the definition below: protocol

Selected Answer:

A study plan on which all clinical trials are

based

Answers: 2.5 out of 2. points Respons e Feedback:

A s t u d y p l a n o n w h i c h a l l c l i n i c a

l trials are based Any of the treatment groups

in a randomized trial

The process of learning the key facts about a clinical

trial before deciding whether or not to participate

A modification of the effect of the drug when

administered with another drug

None of the

above Good

work

- Question 9

Match the term with the definition below: informed

consent

Selected 2.5 out of 2.5 points Answer:

The process of learning the key facts about a

clinical trial before deciding whether or not to

participate

Answers: A study plan on which all clinical trials are

based Any of the treatment groups in a

randomized trial

Respons e Feedbac k:

The process of learning the key facts about a clinical

trial before deciding whether or not to participate

A modification of the effect of the drug when

administered with another drug

None of the

above Good

work

- Question

10 2.5 out of 2.5

points

Failing to account for age cohort effects in smoking prevalence may:

Selected

Answer: obscure the fact that there had been a shift in the

age of onset for lung cancer toward earlier ages

Answers: obscure the fact that older cohorts had higher

prevalence of smoking in comparison to younger

cohorts

Respons e Feedbac k:

obscure the fact that there had been a shift in the

age of onset for lung cancer toward earlier ages

obscure the differences in smoking prevalence for

males and females, and by level of education

B and C

Good

work

- Question

11 2.5 out of 2.5

points

Randomized controlled trials at the community level are

typically used in special situations where there is a simple

intervention.

Selecte d Answer : Tru e

Answers: Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question 12

External validity is not connected with the selection of

sample subjects.

2.5 out of 2.5 points Selecte d Answer : Fals e Answers: True Fals Respons e Feedbac k: e

Good

work

- Question

13 2.5 out of 2.5

points

Relative risk is the ratio of the risk of disease among the

exposed to the risk among the unexposed.

Selecte d Answer : Tru e Answers: Tru e False Respons e Feedbac k:

Good

work

- Question 14 The purpose of the washout period is to reinforce the carryover effect. 2.5 out of 2.5 points Selecte d Answer : Fals e Answers: True Fals Respons e Feedbac k:

e G ood wor k

- Question

2.5 out of 2.5 points

Exposure-based cohort studies permit investigations of

exposures that are uncommon.

Selecte d Answer : Tru