Illinois Pesticide Applicator Test 2024 (Answered 100% Correctly), Exams of Pest Management

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Illinois Pesticide Applicator Test 2024

(Answered 100% Correctly)

Federal insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide act (FIFRA) Approved in 1947. It provides a framework for pesticide registrations an is the pesticide users assurance that the product, if used correctly will provide some helpful service without endangering the user, other persons, or the environment Economic Injury Level break- even point at which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused by a pest. Aesthetic Injury Level number of pests that might cause enough damage to the appearance of a plant to warrant the cost of control Scouting Regularly monitoring pest populations and plant or crop conditions. Could be the owner, maintenance technician, or grower. What is the Goal of IPM? To optimize, NOT maximize pest control Pest

any insect, mite, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, or other organism that is injurious to humans or their structures, or to plants, or animals of interest to humans. 5 Control Methods Cultural Control, Mechanical Control, Biological Control, Preventative Control, Chemical control Cultural control improves plant health so that they plants are able to compete better against pests. EX: soil preparation, fertility, proper planting, plant selection, crop rotation, mulching, mowing Mechanical control Physically eliminates the pest. EX: Cultivating, pruning, hoeing, weed pulling, mowing, hand picking Biological control Uses living organisms to reduce pest populations to economically acceptable levels. EX: predators, parasites, pest diseases preventative control Helps prevent the entry and spread of pests. EX: quarantines, inspections, certified seed chemical control

Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, repellents, fumigants Pesticide any chemical used to destroy, prevent, or control any form of like declared to be a pest Two general types of ingredients Active, Inert Active ingredient part of the formulation that is effective against the targeted pest Inert ingredient does not have a direct effect on the pest Adjuvants chemical that modifies a pesticide's physical properties and/ or enhances its performance emulsions mixtures in which one liquid is suspended as tiny drops in another liquid. fumigants substances or mixtures of materials that produce gas, vapor, fumes, or smoke intended to control pests. Drift reduction additives thickening agents that increase the droplet size and reduce spray drift.

Stickers Used to increase the adherence of the chemical to the treated surface, thus increasing its persistence, particularly under adverse weather conditions Surfactants (spreaders or wetting agents) Surface- action agents that decrease the surface tension of water, allowing the water carrier to spread over the surface rather than forming droplets formulations Salable forms of pesticide, including active and inert ingredients. Buffering agents may be added to reduce pesticide inactivation due to the pH of the carrier antagonism Decreased activity or effectiveness synergism increased activity or effectiveness Early Preplant (EPP) pesticides are applied several weeks before a crop is planted Preplant incorporated (PPI) pesticides are applied prior to planting and worked into the soil Preemergence (PrE) pesticides are applied during or soon after planting but before weeds emerge

Postemergence (PoE Pesticides are applied to the foliage of plants Directed Postemergence Less- selective herbicides are directed away from the crop and onto the weeds to minimize crop injury Systematic pesticides move within the plant or animal from the site of uptake to other parts of the plant or animal residue pesticide or its breakdown products that remain in or on plants or animals or in the soil after treatment tolerance amount of pesticide residue that may legally remain on or in the food or feed crop when harvested selective pesticides control certain pests with little or no injury related to organisms nonselective (broad- spectrum) pesticides control nearly all related organisms contact pesticides control by direct contact with the pest

resurgence occurs when these predator or parasite populations rebound more slowly than the target pest Resistance develop s when a few individuals in a pest population survive a pesticide treatment because of their slightly different genetic makeup spot applications Treat only a portion of the total area and are used to control pests that are grouped or clustered Band applications Treat only a narrow strip over or alongside a row of desirable plants Broadcast applications Treat the entire area or field Hydraulic agitatoin some of the solution circulates through the pump and back into the tank to mix the solution