Important Figures and Theories in Grief Counseling, Exams of Career Counseling

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Important Figures in Grief Counseling

(Thanatology FSE2061) 2024-2025.

Questions & Correct Answers. Graded A+

Bowlby - ANSCreated the Attachment Theory Bowlby & Parkes - 4 phases - ANS-Numbness, Shock -Yearning and searching - Disorganization, Despair -Reorganization Carl Rogers - ANSDeveloped client-centered (person centered) counseling Carl Rogers' definition of Counseling: - ANSGood communication within and between men; and good (free) communication is always therapeutic Edgar Jackson's definition of Counseling: - ANSAnytime someone helps someone else with a problem Elizabeth Kubler-Ross - ANS5 Stages of Grief: -Denial -Anger -Bargaining -Depression -Acceptance George Engel's 5 phases of grief: - ANS-Shock and disbelief -Developing awareness -Restitution -Resolution of the loss -Recovery Herzburg - ANSDeveloped the Two-Factor theory Herzburg - Maintenance/Hygiene factor - ANSIncludes status, job security, salary, work conditions, etc - do not give positive satisfaction or

lead to higher motivation, although dissatisfaction results from their absence. Herzburg - Motivational factor - ANSArises from intrinsic conditions of the job itself, such as recognition, achievement, or personal growth, a sense of importance in an organization. Lindemann - 3 steps to recovery - ANS-Accepting the loss as a definite fact -Adjusting to life without the deceased -Forming new relationships in the world Lindemann - ANSCreated "Grief Syndrome" Lindemann - Grief Syndrome - ANS-Somatic (Bodily) distress -Preoccupation with image of the deceased -Guilt, relating to the deceased or circumstance of death -Hostile reactions -Inability to function as before the loss Maria Nagy - the Child and Death stage 1 - ANS0 to 5 years - Children have no understanding of death Maria Nagy - the Child and Death stage 2 - ANS5 to 9 years - Children interpret death in anthropomorphic forms, such as skeletons, bogeymen, that can be avoided Maria Nagy - the Child and Death stage 3 - ANS

• years - understands death as a final and inevitable outcome Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANS1 - physiological needs,

(food, water) 2 - Safety needs, (shelter, security) 3 - Social needs (friendship, family) 4 - Esteem needs (compliments, recognition) 5 - Self-actualization needs (one's highest potential to attain fulfillment) McGregor's Theory X - ANSEmployees are lazy and only concerned for money McGregor's Theory Y - ANSEmployees excel when given the right opportunities and environment Ohlsen's definition of counseling: - ANSA therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons. Clients are encouraged to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or characterological disorders. Rabbi Dr. Earl Grollman - ANS-Accept your grief -Express your feelings -Be patient with yourself -Monitor your health -Share the pain of your loss with friends -Join a group of others grieving -Delay major decisions -Help others -Confront your own mortality - Determine to Live again Sigmund Freud - ANSFounder of Psychoanalytic theory Sigmund Freud - Ego - ANSMostly conscious state of thoughts and perceptions Sigmund Freud - Id

• ANSUnconscious state of fears, irrational wishes, immoral or

violent urges and desires. The "pleasure-seeker" of mental processes. Sigmund Freud - Superego - ANSMostly pre- conscious state of memories and stored knowledge; has ideals, morals, and consciousness incorporated from parents. Theresa Rando's 6-R phases of grief: - ANS-Recognize the loss -React to the separation -Recollect and re-experience -Relinquish attachments to the deceased -Readjust, adapt to the new world without forgetting the deceased -Reinvest freed-up energy in a new life and identity Webster's definition of Counseling: - ANSAdvice, especially given as a result of consultation William Ouchi - ANSDeveloped Theory Z, an extension of Theory Y. (Employees are more motivated if they actively participate in decision making at all levels of organization. ) Wolfelt - ANSCredited with the 6 Mourning Reconciliation Needs Wolfelt

• helping a friend in grief: - ANS-Listen with your heart -Be compassionate -Avoid cliches ("time heals all wounds") - Understand the uniqueness of grief -Offer practical help -Make contact (attend funeral, be available) -Write a personal note -

Be aware of holidays, anniversaries -Understand the importance of the loss Wolfelt - mourner's bill of rights - ANSRights to: -Experience your own unique grief -Talk about your grief -Feel a multitude of emotions -Be tolerant of your physical/emotional limits -Experience "grief bursts" -Make use of ritual -Embrace your spirituality -Search for meaning - Treasure your memories -Move toward your grief and heal Wolfelt - purposes of funeral ceremonies - ANS-Confirm that the loved one has died -Helps us care for the body with respect and honor -Serves as a private and public transition -Assists us in creating sacred time -Affirm the worth of our relationship to the deceased -Helps us remember, share memories -Offers a time and place to talk and remember -Provides social support system for mourners -Helps integrate mourners back into society -Allows us to search for meaning -Reinforce the fact of death in our lives Wolfelt's 6 Mourning Reconciliation Needs - ANS-Acknowledge the reality of the death -Embrace the pain of the loss -Remember the deceased -Search for Meaning -

Develop a new sense of identity -Receive ongoing support after the death Worden - ANSCredited with the 4 tasks of mourning Worden's 4 tasks: - ANS-Accept the reality of the loss -Work through to the pain of grief -Adjust to the environment in which the deceased is missing -Emotionally relocate the deceased, withdraw emotional energy and reinvest in other relationships