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Dr. Kamraj Sharma delivered this lecture for Communication Skills course at Ambedkar University, Delhi. It includes: Communication, Skills, Improve, Transmitter, Shannon, Weaver, Model, Organizations, Paradoxical
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๏ Shannon-Weaver model of Communication 1949 assumed the following elements of communication: ๏ an information source, which produces a message; ๏ a transmitter, which encodes the message into signals; ๏ a channel, to which signals are adapted for ๏ transmission;
๏ But is the transmission model accurate?
๏ Does it reflect what actually happens when people communicate with each other?
๏ And, if itโs so easy to understand, why does communication โ especially in organizations โ so often go wrong?
๏ Context is important in every message.
๏ Why, where, to whom we are sending the message
๏ What is our state of mind when formulating the message, how does the receiver react according to their state of mind/emotions etc.
๏ The transmission model is linear
๏ It ignores the active role of the receiver in generating meanings from the message received
๏ Humans donโt process messages, they process meanings
๏ Understanding involves pattern-matching between external stimuli with the mental patterns in our minds
๏ Bottom-up processing constantly sends new information upwards
๏ So that the higher regions can update and adjust their neural networks.
๏ Meanwhile, top-down processing constantly organizes incoming information into new or existing patterns
๏ The brain creates a mental model: a representation of reality, created by matching incomplete information to learned patterns in the brain.
๏ Pattern-matching model of communication is based on three principles: ๏ Firstly, communication is a continuous process not a one-time event
๏ Secondly, communication is a complicated process which involves understanding of not just words but also non-verbal messages
๏ We communicate when we are being observed
๏ Thirdly, communication is affected by at least five types of contexts :
๏ Psychological : your identity, needs, desires, values, beliefs
๏ Relational : how we define each other and behave with each other, where status or power lies, whether we like each other
๏ Communication creates understanding on three levels:
๏ The primary reason why we communicate is to build relationships ๏ If we fail to establish a relaxed relationship, everything in the conversation becomes more difficult
๏ We create rapport through:
๏ Verbal behaviour : the words we use ๏ Vocal behaviour : how we use our voice pitch, pace, volume and tone ๏ Physical behaviour : physical signs of being welcoming, open and giving
๏ Taking the initiative in conversation is important ๏ The other person should not be made to feel excluded or interrogated ๏ Hence avoid: ๏ Talking about yourself only ๏ Asking the other person direct questions about themselves