Industrial Equipment and Piping Systems, Exams of Nursing

Download Industrial Equipment and Piping Systems and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! -Power Plant Maintenance SOLUTION - answer ✅✅ ________ of the valve disc and seat is the best form of preventive maintenance. - answer ✅✅Periodic inspection , drill presses are also used for: - answer ✅✅• Counter boring • Spot facing • Reaming • Grinding • Tapping , for a heavy rough cut - answer ✅✅, a large, coarse double cut file is best. . Gaskets - answer ✅✅are made of a soft mater . In general, blades with fine teeth are used? - answer ✅✅for thin metal stock and coarse teeth for thick stock. . The supporting arrangement - answer ✅✅must be designed to carry the weight of the pipe, valves, fittings, and insulation plus the weight of the fluid contained within the pipe. 4 items of responsibility are - answer ✅✅provide safe premises provide and maintain safe guards not have work methods that expose workers to undue risk give employees instructions concenring hazards to expand its entire length toward an expansion joint. A surface plate - answer ✅✅is a flat topped, close-grained, cast-iron plate heavily ribbed and reinforced at the bottom. A tap with the markings M4 x 0.7 would indicate: - answer ✅✅M- a metric thread 4- the nominal diameter of the thread in millimetres 0.7- the pitch of the thread in millimetres A torque wrench - answer ✅✅is used to tighten fasteners to a specified turning force. It is used on machines, engines, flanges and bearings, where application of a specified force is required to ensure alignmen and evenly distributed clamping force. a) Chalk or soapstone may be rubbed on rough surfaces of castings or steel. b) Layout ink or dye may be applied to the surface. c) Blue vitriol (copper sulfate) may be applied to a clean surface. The surface must be free of dirt and grease so the blue vitriol solution will stick. - answer ✅✅Different materials are used for this purpose: Adjustment is accomplished by means of two adjusting screws, which push against each half of the dies. - answer ✅✅One side of each die half is tapered in the thread, to permit easy starting of the die. The other side of the die is stamped with the manufacturer's name. . ALL FITTINGS NOT PROPERLY OR CLEARLY IDENTIFIED SHOULD Be - answer ✅✅REJECTEDE All markings must be legible. They must indicate the following minimum requirements. - answer ✅✅1. The manufacturer's name or trademark. 2. Service designation, such as pressure- temperature rating for which the fitting is designated. 3. Material designation, steel, cast, malleable or ductile iron. The ASTM No. is also required. (Assigned by the American Society for Testing and Materials.) All markings shall be legible and must indicate at least the following: - answer ✅✅a) Manufacturer's name or trademark strain. Both of these materials have an approximate density of 8 x 103 kg/m3. - answer ✅✅8 x 103 kg/m3 Brass and Copper - answer ✅✅(other copper alloys) are non-ferrous materials. They are used in power plants in instrumentation and water services, where extreme pressure and temperature are not prime considerations Bushings - answer ✅✅- The male end fits into a coupling, tee or elbow fitting. The smaller pipe is then screwed into the female end. The smaller connection may be tapped eccentrically to permit free drainage of water. butterfly valve - answer ✅✅is often used as a final control element in air or large water piping systems. sizes from 25 to 3800 mm in diameter. pressures up to 13 800 kPa and temperatures up to 1100° Butterfly valves are used in: - answer ✅✅• Thermal and hydroelectric power stations • Oil and gas processing industries • Oil and gas transmission • Water and sewage plants Butterfly valves have two body styles: - answer ✅✅lug body (or double ported) and wafer. Calcium Silicate - answer ✅✅is a granular insulation made of lime and silica, reinforced with organic and inorganic fibres, and molded into rigid forms. Service temperature range is 38°C to 650°C. calcium silicate use to ? - answer ✅✅flexibility is good The material is non-combustible and is used primarily on hot piping can you see Glove Valve to inspect or clean interconnecting piping? - answer ✅✅it is not possible to "see through" an open globe valve Cap screws - answer ✅✅are made of low- carbon steel and are very common in the construction of machinery such as of pumps and compressors. Carriage bolts - answer ✅✅are normally available with truss type heads while some may have square heads. check valve - answer ✅✅prevents reversal of flow in piping. The flow of fluid keeps the check valve open, whereas gravity or reversal of flow causes the valve to close. chisel edge - answer ✅✅is the chisel shaped portion of the bit point. Chisels - answer ✅✅are the simplest type of cutting tool. They are made from heat-treated steel and come in several cutting edge shapes. Clear the area nearby of combustibles. A hot-work permit may be required, depending on the job location. In addition: - answer ✅✅a) Long hair must be tied back and concealed so that it cannot come into contact with the grinding wheel. b) Long sleeves must not be allowed to interfere with the grinding wheel. It may be necessary to roll-up long sleeves when grinding. c) Jewelry should not be worn while grinding. clove - answer ✅✅pull at right angles combination wrench (Figure 16) is open at one end and has a 6 or 12-point box end at the other (A). Normally, openings at both ends are the same size. T - answer ✅✅is open at one end and has a 6 or 12-point box end at the other. Normally, openings at both ends are the same size. come-alongs can be used - answer ✅✅used in any position from the vertical to the horizontal, or they can be inverted. Commercial pipe - answer ✅✅is manufactured in standard sizes, each having a unique diameter and wall thickness. Tables for the various pipe sizes list these dimensions. Consideration must be given to the following details. - answer ✅✅Working pressure and temperature • Type of fluid (corrosive or erosive) • Flow rate • Valve characteristics desired (percentage valve travel to flow rate) Describe a Bi-metal type thermostatic steam trap - answer ✅✅. This design consists of bimetal strips (dissimilar metals welded together), which deflect when heated. As condensate fills the trap, its temperature decreases. In response, the bimetal strip straightens, opening the valve and allowing condensate to flow through the trap. However, when the trap fills with steam, the bimetal strip heats up and deflects downward to fully close the valve, keeping steam from passing to the condensate line. Describe an disc type Thermodynamic steam trap? - answer ✅✅In this type, the condensate entering the trap raises the disc and flows under it to the discharge. When steam enters the trap, the steam expands and travels at high velocity across the underside of the disc. Some of the steam also passes up to the small space above the disc. The steam, passing at high velocity under the disc, causes a pressure reduction in that area. The steam above the disc, being at higher pressure, forces the disc down, and closes off the outlet of the trap. Describe an external spring reducing valve - answer ✅✅same principle as a valve with an internal diaphragm. However, it differs in basic design in that the diaphragm and spring are mounted outside the valve housing on a yoke Describe an impulse type thermodynamic steam trap? - answer ✅✅This design consists of a piston type valve working within a control cylinder. When cool condensate enters the trap, the pressure of the condensate, acting upon the piston disk, will lift the valve to the open position. This allows the condensate to escape through the outlet orifice. Describe an internal spring reducing - answer ✅✅has two main sections: the valve housing, and the bonnet. The bonnet is open to the atmosphere. describe an inverted bucket steam - answer ✅✅Also called an inverted open float trap. The bucket initially hangs down and holds the discharge valve open. Condensate enters the trap and flows under the bottom edge of the bucket to fill the trap body. Then the condensate flows through the open discharge valve at the outlet. describe four types of pipe of flanges? - answer ✅✅screwed van stone welded slip-on weld-neck It is available in pre-formed shapes and sheets. The upper temperature limit is 125 Elbows - for making angle turns in piping. - answer ✅✅for making angle turns in piping. Expansion Bends - answer ✅✅make use of pipe fabricated with special bends is usually preferred for high-pressure work, as there is no maintenance involved and there is little likelihood of leaks developing. require more room than expansion joints. explain how valves are identified? - answer ✅✅l material of construction, and service conditions for which they are designed. explain the causes and prevention of water hammer - answer ✅✅design steam line open all drains wide open have drain lines explain the purpose and construction of a steam separator - answer ✅✅(sometimes called steam purifiers) installed in the steam line, will remove moisture droplets and other suspended impurities from the steam use baffles to cause the steam flow to suddenly change direction eye bolts - answer ✅✅are often used to make the lifting work safer, faster, and more efficient. are devices used as substitutes for chains or slings to suspend lifting equipment, such as chain hoists or come-alongs. are meant to be used with the pull in the same direction as the bolt. If the load pulls at an angle, the eye bolt may bend and break Fabricated frame scaffolding - - answer ✅✅is constructed from welded tubular end-frames that support work platforms. fasteners may be divided into three classes: - answer ✅✅threaded, fixed, and aligning. figure eight - answer ✅✅stop end of rope going through a hold Files name the parts - answer ✅✅handle, tang , edge, face, point , length 3. A chuck 4. Trigger switch Four cuts( file teeth) - answer ✅✅single, double, rasp, curbed Glass Fibre - answer ✅✅is glass that has been processed into fibres. temperatures up to 454°C. It is non-combustible, but is water absorbent. Globe Valve - answer ✅✅is constructed in such a way that fluid flow passing through it must change direction twice is ideal for throttling or regulating flow with a minimum of wire drawing and seat erosion. Good practice dictates at least___________ teeth should be cutting at any one time? - answer ✅✅three Grease fitting - answer ✅✅are used to provide lubrication Hacksaw blades - answer ✅✅are made from thin high-grade steel which has been hardened and tempered. Hand grinders power tools are used - answer ✅✅remove material from a work piece in the field, by abrasive means. Hand hacksaws are mainly used - answer ✅✅cramped areas Hermaphrodite Calipers - answer ✅✅have one leg blunt and bent at the end while the other leg has a scriber point, which is usually adjustable. These are used to scribe lines parallel to an edge. hexagonal head bolt is available in three grades: - answer ✅✅regular, semi-finished, and finished. Hoisting involves the use of the following: - answer ✅✅a) A rope, cable, _ding, or chain strong enough to support the load. b) A method of connecting the ropes, cables, or chains to the load such as knots, eye bolts, and rigging hooks. c) A hoisting device, such as a crane, a come-along, a block and tackle, or a chain hoist. Total = 17.51 mm In the mechanical trap design, either a ____ or _______float is used. - answer ✅✅ball or bucket In the weld neck type, the hub of the flange is? - answer ✅✅butt welded to the pipe, whereas the slip-on flange is attached by two fillet welds. Insulating and finishing cements - answer ✅✅are a mixture of various insulating fibres and binders. Temperature limits reach 1038°C used in the lower intermediate range and as a finish to other insulation applications. It is important to understand the different piping requirements for the various fluids used. This includes selection of: - answer ✅✅a) The most suitable piping materials b) The proper pipe sizes for the volumes transferred c) The most appropriate methods of connection, and d) The most appropriate fittings. it must be______ that before admitting steam to any piping system, all water or condensate must be______from all parts of the system. - answer ✅✅stressed removed Lift check valves. - answer ✅✅are similar in configuration to globe valves, except that the disc operates automatically with a reversal of flow. lip clearance is the relief which is ground on the point of the bit, and extends from the cutting edge to the heel. - answer ✅✅is the relief which is ground on the point of the bit, and extends from the cutting edge to the heel. list 4 things which must be known to perform safe rigging - answer ✅✅material, weight, size of object path of move what rigging devices are available safety precautions list 4 types of chisels and state a common use of each - answer ✅✅cold Flat ( a flat chisel) --to cut metals, shear old bolts and split nuts. cape--to cut key ways & slots Round- to cut round shaped channels such as oil grooves. List the important points in lock out procedures - answer ✅✅until all parts are secured against movement until all hazardous conditions have been removed until lockout procedures have been applied list the possible file shapes define" Pinning " - answer ✅✅when small pieces of metal get clogged in the teeth list the three types of hand taps in a full set and state where each would be used - answer ✅✅plug- is used for tapping through a workpiece and for general use. taper tap-- is used to start a thread easily, for tapping a hole which goes through the workpiece, or for starting a blind hole. bottoming tap-- is used to finish threads to full size after they have been started with a taper or plug tap. Blind holes are finished with this tap so that full threads go to the bottom of the hole. list three classifications of steam traps: - answer ✅✅Mechanical Thermostatic Thermodynamic list three classifications of tools and give an example of each - answer ✅✅Hand tools Measuring tool power tools list three materials common used for synthetic ropes - answer ✅✅nylon, Darcron, saran, polyethylene list three materials commonly used for natural ropes - answer ✅✅Manila , cotton, wire list three types of thread dies and state the purpose of each - answer ✅✅solid die -- is used primarily to recut battered thread and clean rusted or otherwise clogged threads. It is driven by a suitable wrench and is not adjustable. round split die-- has a set screw which permits a certain amount of adjustment. The set screw spreads the jaws when tightened and allows them to spring back when loosened. The adjustable die -- is the most efficient because it provides a relatively wide range of thread fits. Mineral Fibre - answer ✅✅Also call (Rock and Slag Wool) are bonded together with a heat resistant binder to produce mineral fibre or wool available in loose blanket, board, pipe insulation, and molded shapes. temperature limit approaches 1040°C. is non-combustible, and has good sound control qualities. Miniature metric bits range from - answer ✅✅0.04 to 0.09 mm, in steps of 0.01 mm. Mobile scaffolding - answer ✅✅- is mounted on castors, or may be truck-mounted or self- powered lifts. Molybdenum blades - answer ✅✅hard, long wearing , & strainght cutting Needle valves - answer ✅✅are designed to allow precise flow control. They are extensively used for controlling continuous blowoff or chemical feed. New piping systems must be blown clear of all_______ before trap installation. - answer ✅✅foreign matter Nipples - answer ✅✅for making close connections. They are nominal inside diameter of the pipe. - answer ✅✅Up to and including NPS 12 (DN 300) pipe, Nominal pipe size - answer ✅✅is an approximate indication of pipe diameter. non rising stem - answer ✅✅In this design, the stem has threads on the bottom half, which mesh with threads inside the disc. When the valve wheel turns, the disc moves up or down on the stem. non-return stop valve - answer ✅✅referred to as a "stop-and-check" valve, special type of globe valve. Nylon rope - answer ✅✅is very strong and elastic. It is used where shock loading is common, or when a rope smaller than natural fibre, but of equal strength, is needed. older method - answer ✅✅pipe as Standard (S), Extra strong (XS), or Double extra strong (XXS). plug valve - answer ✅✅is a quarter turn valve, as are butterfly and ball valves. self-cleaning has a tendency to jam in the tapered seat and can cause scoring if forced to turn. Most plug valves Plug valves are used as quick opening valves in: - answer ✅✅• Gas supply lines • Low-pressure steam lines • Water treatment plants • Pulp and paper and chemical industries > Plugs and Caps - answer ✅✅for closing off open pipe ends or fittings. Plugs have male (external) threads and caps have female (internal) threads. Polyethylene rope - answer ✅✅is highly resistant to acids, alkalis, and common solvents. is unaffected by mildew, rot, or fungi. It has high elasticity, but poor resistance to abrasion Portable Grinders can be used for tasks such as: - answer ✅✅a) Wire brushing rust and paint b) Grinding surfaces flat c) Removing welding or other protrusions d) Buffing or polishing to finish a work piece pressure reducing valve (PRV) - answer ✅✅also called a pressure regulator. Reducers . - answer ✅✅for reducing pipe size. Reducers have two female connections into which the different sized pipes fit. They may also be made with one connection eccentric to facilitate drainage of water. Reflective Metal Insulation - answer ✅✅new type of insulation. It is constructed of metal reflective sheets of stainless steel, spaced and baffled to form isolated air chambers around the piping. used for temperatures above 1040°C. Refractory Fibre - answer ✅✅are mineral or ceramic fibres, including alumina and silica, bound with extremely high temperature binders. Temperature limits reach 1650°C material is non-combustible. Return Bends - answer ✅✅for reversing direction of a pipe run. Scaffolds - answer ✅✅are temporary structures made of posts, planks, and boards. Workers stand on scaffolds to perform work from an otherwise inaccessible height. Screwed Connections - answer ✅✅threads are cut into the pipe at each end, and screwed fittings such as unions, couplings, and elbows are used to join the lengths. This method is generally used for pipe sizes scriber - answer ✅✅(or scratch awl) essentially consists of a steel rod, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, with a sharp, hardened point and a handle. It is used for scribing the layout lines. It must be kept very sharp since a very thin scribe line is required in good layout work. semi-plastic packing - answer ✅✅is used around the outside of the slip pipe. Set screws - answer ✅✅are used for assembling shafts to parts such as pulleys and flywheels or to hold parts in a fixed relative position to each other. sheet bend - answer ✅✅is used to join together two ropes of equal or of unequal thickness. shoulder eye bolts - answer ✅✅can be loaded at an angle up to 45 degrees, Since the outside diameter never changes, the actual inside diameter can be determined by the formula: - answer ✅✅d = D - 2t d = inside diameter t = wall thickness (in the Tables, the upper number in the boxes below each Schedule) D = outside diameter (see column three) Single pole scaffolding - answer ✅✅(carpenter's bracket scaffolds) - has a bracketed frame that supports a work platform, which is bolted to a supporting wall Slip Expansion Joint - answer ✅✅features a slip pipe with a flange bolted to an adjoining pipe socket welded. - answer ✅✅When piping of DN 50 (2 in. NPS) and smaller is welded Sockets have two openings: - answer ✅✅a square hole that fits the driver and a circular hole with notched sides to fit the nut or bolt head. and measure narrow slots and gaps. They are also used to check spark plug gaps and tappet valve clearances. Thickness gauges should be kept clean from dirt and rust. A thin coat of oil should be occasionally applied to the leaves. state two basic styles of hand grinders - answer ✅✅vertical horizontal state two items of responsibility for an employee regarding safety - answer ✅✅make use of all safeguards, safety devices aviable and follow safety instructions immediately report to employer or supervisor any hazardous condition Steel pipe is manufactured in two main categories - answer ✅✅seamless and welded steel ruler - answer ✅✅(or scale) was described previously. It is used for measuring and as a straight edge for scribing lines. steel scale - answer ✅✅is a flat metal ruler. One edge may be calibrated in millimetres and the other edge in sixteenths of an inch. Steel Square - answer ✅✅(or try square) consists of a beam and blade at right angles to each other. It is made from high-grade tool steel and ground to be highly accurate. Stem leaks - answer ✅✅can normally be fixed by slightly tightening the packing nut or gland. step ladder consists - answer ✅✅Pail Tray Spreader Arms Back Rail Horizontal Braces Front Rail Step Bracing Step Safety Feet Step ladders include ___________ and _________________. - answer ✅✅regular step ladders and platform ladders. Stove bolts - answer ✅✅are used in either tapped holes or through holes with nuts on the end. Tapping Holes by Hand - answer ✅✅1. Select the correct tap and tap wrench for the job. 2. Apply a suitable cutting fluid to the tap. No cutting fluid is required on brass or cast iron. 3. The tap should be started square with the hole as judged by eye. Press down on the wrench equally to both sides. Turn clockwise (right hand thread) for approximately two turns. 4. Remove the tap wrench and, using a set square, check the tap at two positions to ensure it is perpendicular to the work surface. 5. If the tap is not square, it should be backed out and started again. 6. When it has been started squarely, turn the tap clockwise one-quarter turn and then turn backward to break the chip which will allow cutting fluid to cover the cutting edges. Tees and Crosses - answer ✅✅for making branch line connections at 90°. terms used for the degree of coarseness - answer ✅✅Rough , course , Bastard , 2nd cut , smooth, Dead smooth The action of the non-return valve is important in three situations. - answer ✅✅1. When the boiler is being started and brought on line with other boilers, the disc will remain closed until the boiler pressure exceeds the pressure in the common steam header. This prevents the higher steam header pressure from flowing back into the boiler. 2. If the boiler trips during normal operation, the pressure in the boiler will quickly drop below the pressure in the common header. The non-return valve will close, again preventing flow reversal into the boiler. 3. If a boiler tube were to rupture, the pressure in the boiler would drop and the non return valve would automatically close, thus preventing the other boilers from feeding steam into the damaged boiler. the actual outside diameter of the pipe. - answer ✅✅For NPS 14 (DN 350) and larger pipe, the number represents The advantage of butterfly valve - answer ✅✅• Relatively light weight • Ease of operation • Self-cleaning • Small pressure drop across the valve when it is fully open. the disadvantage of ball float trap? - answer ✅✅of being vulnerable to damage from water hammer. In addition, this type of trap is not suited for outdoor use. The condensate may freeze in cold weather, which will damage the float. the disadvantage of globe valve? - answer ✅✅, due to the change in flow direction, it offers more resistance to flow than the gate valve does. the disadvantages of connecting piping by welding - answer ✅✅need a qualified welding The following procedures can be used for globe valves to repair damaged valve discs and seats - answer ✅✅1. Slightly damaged surfaces can be refaced by grinding the valve disc in on the valve seat in combination with a grinding compound. 2. If damage is more extensive, the seat should be refaced with a reseating tool. The valve disc should be refaced either by carefully filing down the damaged seating surface, or by taking a slight cut of material off using a lathe or grinding machine. Then the disc and seat should be ground in together to obtain matching seating surfaces. 3. When the valve is equipped with a renewable seat, and the disc and seat are extensively damaged, it is cheaper and less time consuming to replace both disc and seat rather than to repair them. The full-face gasket - answer ✅✅covers the entire face of the flange and has holes provided for the flange bolts. This is primarily a low-pressure type of gasket. It is used for joining cast iron and steel flanges. The hand drill is used to do a variety of jobs, such as: - answer ✅✅• Drilling • Buffing • Grinding • Driving • Removing screws The internal burr is removed with a special tool known as a ______________? - answer ✅✅pipe reamer The large drive sizes permit ? - answer ✅✅permit more torque to be applied to larger fasteners. The main advantage of the lift check valve - answer ✅✅simplicity The prick punch - answer ✅✅is used to make light indentations on layout lines and provide starting points for dividers The property classes of nuts are designated by the numbers - answer ✅✅4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 The purpose of a pressure reducing station (PRS) - answer ✅✅is to receive a process fluid (such as steam) at a higher pressure and reduce it to a controlled lower pressure for use in a downstream, lower pressure system, or equipment. The roughing wheel is used The finishing wheel is then used - answer ✅✅remove a large amount of material quickly. used to give a smoother finish; this is the wheel used to sharpen tools. The small size drives are used ?. - answer ✅✅apply smaller amounts of torque to smaller nuts and bolts. The test valve will discharge high temperature condensate and steam! Water hammer is the term used to describe a series of loud, violent shocks, produced within the piping of a steam system. - answer ✅✅DO NOT open the test valve unless suitable safe work procedures are followed and correct personal protective equipment is used. The two basic types of check valves - answer ✅✅e swing check lift check The volume of a complex shape can be determined by following these steps: - answer ✅✅1. Divide the complex shape into several simple shapes. 2. Calculate the volumes of the simple shapes. 3. Add the volumes of the shapes together There are three general methods used to join or connect lengths of pressure piping. - answer ✅✅1. Threaded pipe and screwed connections 2. Flanges 3. Welded joints There are two systems used to designate nominal pipe size. - answer ✅✅1. The Imperial System uses an "NPS" (Nominal Pipe Size) number, which indicates inches. b) Hold the other end in your left hand with your fingers curled under it. The file must be held straight or the surface of the work will not be flat. c) Maintain a speed of about 30 to 40 cutting strokes per minute. To determine the mass of an object: - answer ✅✅• Use manufacturer's specification sheets • Calculate the mass, based on the object's physical dimensions, or • Estimate the mass. To file brass or bronze, - answer ✅✅start with a bastard cut file and finish with a second cut or smooth cut. To file cast iron - answer ✅✅, start with the bastard cut file and finish with a second cut. To file hard steel, - answer ✅✅start with a smooth cut file and finish with a dead smooth. To file soft steel - answer ✅✅start with a second cut file and finish with a smooth cut. To prevent leakage at flanged connections, the flange faces, which butt together, need to be __________________ - answer ✅✅absolutely flat and smooth. To select the materials of construction for valve bodies, designers need to consider the pressure, temperature, and type of fluid in the application. For example: - answer ✅✅a) Cast iron is used for applications with low- pressure and temperature. b) Bronze is used for moderate pressures and temperatures up to 280°C. c) Carbon steel is used for services up to 425°C. d) Alloy steel is used for high-pressure applications and temperatures up to 650°C. e) Special alloy steels are used for temperatures in excess of 650°C. Torque wrenches - answer ✅✅are made to indicate the degree of torque being applied to the nut or bolt. Tube and coupler scaffolding - answer ✅✅has work platforms supported by separate tubing and couplings. tungsten blades - answer ✅✅hardest of all , can be used to cut tool steel. Valve packing, depending on the service, is made of combinations of: - answer ✅✅• Teflon • Teflon coated high strength yarns and vegetable fibres • Graphite • Metallic reinforcement used for corrosive surfaces Valve trim - answer ✅✅consisting of the disc, seat ring, valve stem, and guide bushings, are manufactured from bronze, mild steel, alloy or stainless steel. Van Stone flange - answer ✅✅are used in piping systems constructed from stainless steel or other costly materials. wafer body type - answer ✅✅does not have flanges. It is installed by sliding it between two flanges in the piping. Washers - answer ✅✅are metal rings or discs which are used between a nut or bolt head and the work surface. They are either of the flat or lock type. Water hammer - answer ✅✅is the term used to describe a series of loud, violent shocks, produced within the piping of a steam system. Wear appropriate PPE when using a grinder. Minimum protection includes: - answer ✅✅a) Safety glasses with side shields and a face shield b) Respiratory protection c) Hearing protection What are files used for? - answer ✅✅used to cut and smooth surfaces by removing small amounts of material. what are hand threading tools used to ? - answer ✅✅used to cut connection threads in pipe and fittings, both internally and externally. What are six basic notations for abrasive wheels - answer ✅✅1. Abrasive type 2. Grain size 3. Grade 4. Structure 5. Bond type 6. Manufacturer's record what are socket wrench consists? - answer ✅✅consists of a drive handle and a socket to fit a particular nut, bolt, or headed what is a gasket used ? - answer ✅✅itt is used between the two lapped faces of the pipes. what is meant by " bond type" and what are four general types - answer ✅✅identifies the method used to hold the grains together. 1. Vitrified (V) 2. Resinoid (B) 3. Rubber (R) 4. Shellac (E) what is meant by "nominal" pipe size? - answer ✅✅in name only what is meant by "Structure" - answer ✅✅refers to a range of grains from dense to open type. what is meant by a 6 * 19 wire rope - answer ✅✅6 strands of 19 wires per stand what is meant by the markings M4x0.7 - answer ✅✅a 4mm metric thread with a 0.7mm pitch what is meant by"grade". - answer ✅✅refers to the grit bond strength. what is pipe supplied from? - answer ✅✅from the manufacturer in standard lengths. It may be cut to the required length by means of a displacement cutter. what is the angle on a center punch? - answer ✅✅The point angles are 60° for a prick punch and 90° for a centre punch. what is the differecne between single pole and double pole scaffolds - answer ✅✅The double pole scaffold is free standing from the building or structure and, therefore, places no load upon the building. The single pole scaffold is partially supported by the building what is the most common material used for piping? - answer ✅✅steel what is the peen side of the hammer used for ? - answer ✅✅The peen side of the hammer is used for peening (rounding over) and heading rivets. what is the point angle for general drilling? - answer ✅✅The point angle normally used for general drilling is 118° what is the purpose of a lock washer and name two types - answer ✅✅are metal discs what two general methods are used to allow for thermal expansion in piping? - answer ✅✅expansion bend expansion joint what type of disc can be easily replaced on globe valves? - answer ✅✅composition disc Whatever the size of a micrometer, the working parts can only move a distance of ________. - answer ✅✅25mm When cutting with the hacksaw: - answer ✅✅1. The work piece should be held firmly in a vise, a little below the height of the elbows. 2. Hold the saw firmly with one hand on the grip and the other at the top of the frame, near the front. 3. When commencing the cut, use light pressure and slow short strokes. Pressure should be applied only on the forward stroke. 4. When the cut has been started, increase the stroke length to use the full blade. Lift up a little on the return stroke because the blade cuts only on the forward stroke. Maintain about 40 strokes per minute. When putting a new blade in a hacksaw: - answer ✅✅1. Point the teeth of the blade away from the handle. 2. Fasten the blade to the hook at each end of the frame. 3. Apply tension to the blade by turning the tightening nut. A loose blade makes a crooked cut and is likely to break. 4. Release the tension on the blade when storing the hacksaw when sharpening a bit, four points must be considered: - answer ✅✅1. Lip clearance 2. Length of lips 3. Lip angle 4. Location of the dead center When using a rung ladder, what should the distance be from the wall to the foot of the ladder - answer ✅✅ladder foot about 1/4 length from wall Whenever possible, it is preferable to use some form of _________ which allows lifting with one lifting device - answer ✅✅bridle who is responsible for a safe working environment? - answer ✅✅Management (employer)