Integumentary System: Skin Anatomy, Conditions, and Treatments, Exams of Dermatology

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Chapter 4: Integumentary System

cutaneous - ANS pertaining to the skin derma - ANS skin dermis - ANS the layer of the skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue; the true skin or corium epidermis - ANS outermost layer of skin keratin - ANS a protein that thickens and toughens the skin and makes up hair and nails melanin - ANS a dark pigment that gives color to the hair and skin and protects the skin against the sun's radiation nail - ANS a plate-like keratinized outgrowth of the skin that covers the dorsal surface of the terminal phalanges sebaceous gland - ANS a skin gland that produces sebum; usually associated with a hair follicle sebum - ANS A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair. subcutaneous layer - ANS the layer of tissue beneath the skin; also called the hypodermis derm/o, dermat/o - ANS skin

kerat/o - ANS keratin, horny layer of skin melan/o - ANS dark, black, melanin hidr/o - ANS sweat, perspiration seb/o - ANS sebum, sebaceous gland trich/o - ANS hair onych/o - ANS nail bulla - ANS raised, fluid-filled lesion larger than a vesicle fissure - ANS crack or break in the skin macule - ANS flat, colored spot less than 1 cm in size nodule - ANS solid, raised lesion larger than a papule; often indicative of systemic disease papule - ANS firm, circular, raised surface lesion less than 1 cm in size, such as a pimple plaque - ANS superficial, flat, or slightly raised differentiated patch more than 1 cm in diameter pustule - ANS raised pus-filled lesion; often in a hair follicle or sweat pore

ulcer - ANS lesion resulting from destruction of the skin and perhaps subcutaneous tissue vesicle - ANS fluid-filled, raised lesion less than 5 mm in size, a blister or bleb wheal - ANS smooth, rounded, slightly raised area often associated with itching atopic dermatitis - ANS hereditary, allergic, chronic skin inflammation with pruritus (itching); eczema basal cell carcinoma - ANS an epithelial tumor that rarely metastasizes and has a high cure rate with surgical removal cicatrization - ANS the process of scar formation; a scar is a cicatrix debridement - ANS removal of dead or damaged tissue from a wound dehiscence - ANS splitting or bursting, as when the layers of a wound separate dermatitis - ANS Inflammation of the skin, often associated with redness and itching; may be caused by allergy, irritants (contact dermatitis), or a variety of diseases eczema - ANS a general term for skin inflammation with redness, lesions, and itching; atopic dermatitis erythema - ANS redness of the skin escharotomy - ANS removal of scab tissue resulting from burns or other skin injuries; a scab or crust is an eschar

evisceration - ANS protrusion of viscera through an incision exudate - ANS material, which may include fluid, cells, pus, or blood, that escapes from damaged tissue kaposi sarcoma - ANS cancerous lesion of the skin and other tissues, seen most often in patients with AIDS keloid - ANS a raised, thickened scar caused by tissue overgrowth during scar formation lupus erythematosus - ANS chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue that often involves the skin; types include more widespread systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a discoid form (DLE) that only forms in the skin melanoma - ANS a metastasizing pigmented skin tumor that arises from melanocytes; malignant melanoma pemphigus - ANS an autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by sudden, intermittent formation of bullae (blisters); may be fatal if untreated pressure ulcer - ANS an ulcer caused by pressure to an area of the body, as from a bed or chair; decubitus ulcer, bedsore, pressure sore Psoriasis - ANS a chronic hereditary dermatitis with red lesions covered by silvery scales rule of nines - ANS a method for estimating the extent of body surface area involved in a burn by assigning percentages in multiples of nine to various body regions

scleroderma - ANS A chronic disease that is characterized by thickening and tightening of the skin and that often involves internal organs in a form called progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) squamous cell carcinoma - ANS an epidermal cancer that may invade deeper tissues but tends not to metastasize acne - ANS an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles usually associated with excess sebum secretion actinic - ANS Pertaining to the effects of radiant energy, such as sunlight, ultraviolet light, and x-rays albinism - ANS a hereditary lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes alopecia - ANS absence or loss of hair beau lines - ANS white lines across the fingernails; usually a sign of systemic disease or injury Bromhidrosis - ANS sweat that has a foul odor because of bacterial decomposition carbuncle - ANS a localized infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, usually caused by staphylococcus and associated with pain and discharge of pus comedo - ANS a plug of sebum, often containing bacteria, in a hair follicle; a blackhead dermatophytosis - ANS fungal infection of the skin, especially between the toes; athlete's foot dyskeratosis - ANS any abnormality in keratin formation in epithelial cells

ecchymosis - ANS a collection of blood under the skin caused by leakage from small vessels erysipelas - ANS an acute infectious skin disease with localized redness and swelling and systemic symptoms erythema nodosum - ANS inflammation of subcutaneous tissues resulting in tender, erythematous nodules; may be an abnormal immune response to a systemic disease, an infection, or a drug exanthema - ANS any cutaneous eruption that accompanies a disease, such as measles; a rash excoriation - ANS lesion caused by scratching or abrasion folliculitis - ANS inflammation of a hair follicle furuncle - ANS a painful skin nodule caused by staphylococci that enter through a hair follicle; a boil hemangioma - ANS A benign tumor of blood vessels; in the skin, called birthmarks or port wine stains herpes simplex - ANS a group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus; type I herpes simplex produces fluid filled vesicles usually on the lips, after a fever, sun exposure, injury or stress, also called a cold sore or blister; type II infections usually involve the genital organs hirsutism - ANS excessive hair growth icthyosis - ANS a dry, scaly condition of the skin

impetigo - ANS A bacterial skin infection with pustules that rupture and form crusts; most commonly seen in children, usually on the face keratosis - ANS any skin condition marked by thickened or horny growth lichenification - ANS thickened marks caused by chronic rubbing, as seen in atopic dermatitis Mycosis fungoides - ANS A rare malignant disease that originates in the skin and involves the internal organs and lymph nodes. There are large, painful, ulcerating tumors nevus - ANS a defined discoloration of the skin; a congenital vascular skin tumor; a mole, birthmark paronychia - ANS Infection around a nail. Caused by bacteria or fungi, and may affect multiple nails pediculosis - ANS infestation with lice petechiae - ANS flat, pinpoint, purplish-red spots caused by bleeding within the skin or mucous membrane photosensitization - ANS sensitization of the skin to light, usually from the action of drugs, plant products, or other substances purpura - ANS a condition characterized by hemorrhages into the skin and other tissues rosacea - ANS A condition of unknown cause involving redness of the skin, pustules, and overactivity of sebaceous glands, mainly on the face

scabies - ANS A highly contagious skin disease caused by a mite senile lentigines - ANS brown macules that appear on sun-exposed skin in adults; liver spots shingles - ANS an acute eruption of vesicles along the path of a nerve; herpes zoster; caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox tinea - ANS fungal infection of the skin; ringworm tinea versicolor - ANS superficial chronic fungal infection that causes varied skin pigmentation urticaria - ANS A skin reaction marked by temporary, smooth, raised areas (wheals) associated with itching; hives venous stasis ulcer - ANS ulcer caused by venous insufficiency and stasis of venous blood; usually forms near the ankle verruca - ANS A small, usually benign epidermal tumor caused by human papilloma virus (HPV); a wart vitiligo - ANS patchy disappearance of pigment in the skin; leukoderma Xeroderma pigmentosum - ANS a fatal hereditary disease that begins in childhood with skin discolorations and ulcers and muscle atrophy. There is increased sensitivity to the sun and increased susceptibility to cancer aloe - ANS A gel from leaves of the plant Aloe vera that is used in treatment of burns and minor skin irritations

antipruretic - ANS agent that prevents or relieves itching cautery - ANS Destruction of tissue by physical or chemical means; cauterization; also the instrument or chemical used for this purpose dermabrasion - ANS a plastic surgical procedure for removing scars or birthmarks by chemical or mechanical destruction of epidermal tissue dermatoplasty - ANS transplantation of human skin; skin grafting diascopy - ANS examination of skin lesions by pressing a glass plate against the skin fulguration - ANS destruction of tissue by high-frequency electric sparks skin turgor - ANS Resistance of the skin to deformation. Evidenced by the ability of the skin to return to position when pinched. Skin turgor is a measure of the skin's elasticity and state of hydration. It typically declines with age and when decreased may also be a sign of poor nutrition wood lamp - ANS an ultraviolet light used to diagnose fungal infections ABCDE - ANS Asymmetry, uneven borders, different colors, diameter of more than 6 millimeters, and evolution (change). BSA - ANS body surface area DLE - ANS discoid lupus erythematosus

FTSG - ANS full thickness skin graft LE - ANS lupus erythematosus PSS - ANS progressive systemic sclerosis PUVA - ANS psoralen ultraviolet A SCLE - ANS subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus SLE - ANS systemic lupus erythematosus SPF - ANS sun protection factor STSG - ANS split-thickness skin graft UV - ANS ultraviolet VAC - ANS vacuum-assisted closure UVA - ANS ultraviolet A UVB - ANS ultraviolet B