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A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to the first exam in an introductory course on early childhood education. It covers key concepts such as the ethics of social reform in education, the importance of play in child development, and the core components of developmentally appropriate practice (dap). The document also explores various theories of child development, including vygotsky's sociocultural theory and the individuals with disabilities education act (idea).
Typology: Exams
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Ethic of Social Reform - Correct Answer-expects that schooling for young children lead to social change and improvement Importance of Childhood - Correct Answer-the entire concept of the child as a special part of human existence and, therefore, a valuable part of the life cycle rests on this theme. Play - Correct Answer-is essential to children's development Transmitting Values - Correct Answer-what children should ultimately do and be is at the core of all child-rearing practices, whether in the home or the school; values-- whether social, cultural, moral, or religious-- have been the essence of education for centuries Professionalism - Correct Answer-Sense of Identity, Purpose to engage in DAP, Commitment to Ethical Teaching and to Child Advocacy, Participation in the Work as a legitimate livelihood Sense of Identity - Correct Answer-early childhood professionals see themselves as caregivers who strive to educate the whole child, taking into consideration the body, the mind, and the heart and soul Purpose to Engage in DAP - Correct Answer-knowledge of child development and learning; the strengths, interests, and need of each child; the social and cultural contexts in which children live Commitment to Ethical Teaching and to Child Advocacy - Correct Answer-Behaving with a child's best interests in mind, keeping confidentiality, upholding a code of ethics, and taking one's self and work seriously Participation in the Work as a Legitimate Livelihood - Correct Answer-Early childhood educators deserve wages and working conditions that are worthy of their efforts; testing- high stakes, working with parents and dealing with different styles, salary, classroom management (discipline,) meeting the needs of the kids Three Core Components of DAP - Correct Answer-What is known about child development and learning, what is known about each child as an individual, what is known about the social and cultural contexts in which children live
What is known about child development and learning - Correct Answer-knowledge of age-related characteristics that permit general predictions about what expectations are likely to best promote children's learning and development. This is the core around which the idea of what is developmentally appropriate is built What is known about each child as an individual - Correct Answer-what practitioners learn about each child that has implications for how best to adapt and be responsive to individual varations What is known about the social and cultural contexts in which children live - Correct Answer-the values, expectations, and behavioral and linguistic conventions that shape children's lives at home and in their communities that practitioners must strive to understand in order to ensure that learning experiences are meaningful, relevant, and respectful for each child and family Guidelines for DAP - Correct Answer-creating a caring community of learners, teaching to enhance development and learning, planning curriculum to achieve important goals, assessing children's development and learning, establishing reciprocal relationships with families, core Curriculum - Correct Answer-(What children learn) a framework in which teachers define the content, the process, and the context for what is being taught and what children learn Instruction (Intentional teaching) - Correct Answer-(How children learn) being clear about what is being taught, knowing the purpose of every lesson or activity, and articulating decisions to help children achieve certain goals Assessment - Correct Answer-(Result of learning) An evaluation or determination of importance, disposition, or state of something or someone, such as in evaluating a child's skills, a teacher's effectiveness, or a classroom environment Development of the child - Correct Answer-refers to those teaching practices that are based on the observation and responsiveness to children as learners with developing abilities who differ from on another by rate of growth and individual difference Standards - Correct Answer-degree or level of requirement, excellence, or attainment that is mandated by local or national government agencies that describe the learning outcomes for various age groups Alignment - Correct Answer-the act of matching the subject matter of the curriculum with the desire outcomes required by the learning standards Accountability - Correct Answer-the quality or state of being answerable to someone or of being responsible for explaining exact conditions; schools often must give specific
accounts of their actions to a funding agency to reassure the agency that funds and operation of the school are being handled properly The Whole Child - Correct Answer-based on the accepted principle that all areas of human growth and development are integrated. It is only for the purpose of studying one area or another in depth that categories are created. All areas of growth are knitted together into a mutually supportive network creating the uniqueness of each child Influences on Child Development - Correct Answer-Genetic Makeup, Environment, Gender & Race Differences, and Learning styles Genetic Makeup - Correct Answer-genes Environment - Correct Answer-from conception, the brain is affected by environmental conditions attitudes, culture, socioeconomic status (SES), kinds of care giving they experience, and community Gender & Race Differences - Correct Answer-differ in both the rate and pattern of growth, especially during adolescence; Ethnic variations in growth are common; Variations in growth are common; Growth norms should be used with caution and with respect to ethinic differences Learning Styles - Correct Answer-children exhibit a number of different approaches to learning that must be accounted for when planning programs Social-emotional development - Correct Answer-a child's relationship with herself and others, self-concept, self-esteem, and the ability to express feelings Physical-motor development - Correct Answer-includes gross motor, fine motor, and perceptual motor activity Cognitive-language development - Correct Answer-includes curiosity, the ability to perceive and think, memory, attention span, general knowledge, problem solving, analytical thinking, beginning reading, and computing skills, as well as children's utterances, pronunciation, vocabulary, sentence length, and the ability to express ideas, needs, and feelings Teaching with Intention: Using Word Pictures - Correct Answer-1) Balance your impression of the Word Pictures with your experience with children
Private Speech - Correct Answer-language, even in its earliest forms, was socially based and critical to how children internalize and learn Psychodynamic Theory - Correct Answer-Of Freud and others; asserts that the individual develops a basic personality core in childhood and that responses stem from personality organization and emotional problems as a result of environmental experiences Behaviorist Theory - Correct Answer-A psychological theory developed in the US in the 20th century which states that all important aspects of behavior and people are learned and can be modified or changed by varying external conditions Cognitive Theory - Correct Answer-The psychological theory developed by Piaget and others; focuses on thought processes and how they change with age & experience; this point of view contrasts with the stimulus-response aspects of behaviorist theory Sociocultural Theory (Key Tenets) - Correct Answer-Aspects of theory or development that refer to the social & cultural issues; key descriptor of Vygotsky's theory of development Ecological Theory - Correct Answer-Based on the premise that development is greatly influenced by forces outside of the child. Describes four systems that influence human development, nested within each other like a circle of rings. The child is at the center of their development and are influenced by proximal and distal ecological influences Multiple Intelligences - Correct Answer-A theory of intelligence, proposed by Gardner, which outlines several different kinds of intelligence, rather than the notion of intelligence as measured by Standardized testing such as IQ tests Maturation Theory - Correct Answer-A set of ideas based on the notion that sequence of behavior and the emergence of personal characteristics develop more through predetermined growth processes than through learning and interaction with the environment; the theory of growth and development proposed and supported by Gesell & associates Humanist Theory - Correct Answer-The psychological theory of Maslow and others; it involves principles of motivation and wellness, centering on people's needs, goals, and successes Five Factors that Affect Behavior - Correct Answer-1) Developmental Factors
Guidance - Correct Answer-is an ongoing system by which adults help children learn to manage their impulses, express feelings, channel frustrations, solve problems, and learn the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior A-B-C - Correct Answer-Antecedent: Any situation, action of event that immediately precedes a behavior Behavior: an observable or measurable act Consequence: a response, action, or event that immediately follows a behavior Reinforcement - Correct Answer-increases the probability that a behavior will occur in teh future Positive Reinforcement - Correct Answer-PROVIDE something that is PLEASANT (reward) Negative Reinforcement - Correct Answer-REMOVE something that is UNPLEASANT (relief) Positive & Negative Punishment - Correct Answer-DECREASE the probability that a behavior will occur in the future Positive Punishment - Correct Answer-PROVIDE something that is UNPLEASANT Negative Punishment - Correct Answer-REMOVE something that is PLEASANT Extinction - Correct Answer-WITHHOLD something that is PLEASANT to eliminate the likelihood that a behavior will occur in the future Ten Effective Strategies - Correct Answer-1) Ignoring Behavior