Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Cognitive Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Cognitive Psychology

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Cognitive Psychology Notes 1

Cognitive Psychology

 "Cognitive Psychology refers to all processes by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used.”

Questions

 I watched Insidious. On my way to bed I saw old women lurking in every dark corner.  Why?

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 Mitchell, Ropar, Ackroyd, and Rajendran (2005):  Some visual illusions driven by perceptual processes, some driven by knowledge.  Two versions of the Shepard illusion:

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 It’s not a stretch to go from that to being pre-loaded by a movie to see things that aren’t there:

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 A lot of people think they see something behind the man in this picture:

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 There are a lot of parts to the answer to this question, we’ll look at just one piece.  Summala, Pasanen, Räsänen, Sievänen (1996): Drivers are less likely to look where they don’t anticipate a threat, and are more likely to overlook (look-but-not- see) things in that direction.

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 Summala et al. (1996):

Questions

 I have an iTunes gift card with the following number on it:  XXTG2QYBKF4289QJ  I need to type that number into iTunes to redeem my credit.  How do I do it?  What processes are involved?  Can I make that process more efficient and less error prone?

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 Miller (1956): The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two  The capacity for hearing/seeing and repeating back accurately most kinds of information is 7 ± 2.  The code is letters mixed with digits, what do the data say?

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 Miller (1956):

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 Miller (1956):  To improve performance, we could recode it into chunks, but this code doesn’t really support that:  XXTG2QYBKF4289QJ  This one might:  ABCD1234EFGH

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 Morrison & Chein (2011)  This is a classic working memory task. You have to both maintain information and process that information in a flexible way. Performance on these kinds of tasks is related to a variety of important cognitive things.  Can you train it? That is a controversial question. Most training is generalizable only to similar situations, it might be possible.

Questions

 I go into the kitchen to get something. When I get there, I can’t remember why I came to the kitchen. I try to figure it out, do what I think it must have been, then get back to my original location and realize why I went to the kitchen in the first place.  What’s happening there?  Can we avoid these kinds of problems?