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A comprehensive overview of the field of psychology, covering key concepts, theories, and approaches. It delves into the origins of the mind, the purpose of the mind, and the reasons for its failures. Various psychological perspectives, including nativism, empiricism, phrenology, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology, behavioral neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, social psychology, cultural psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. It introduces influential psychologists such as wilhelm wundt, william james, sigmund freud, abraham maslow, carl rogers, b.f. Skinner, and others, highlighting their contributions to the understanding of the human mind and behavior. The document serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the multifaceted field of psychology, providing a solid foundation for further exploration and understanding of the complexities of the human psyche.
Typology: Exams
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The scientific study of mind and behavior - What is psychology? The private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories and feelings - What is the mind? Observable actions of humans and nonhuman behaviors - What is behavior?
The study of the purpose that mental processes serve - What is functionalism? Wundt - tried to isolate and analyze a particular moment of consciousness James - consciousness is like a flowing stream and needs to be understood in its entirety. Figure out the "why" of consciousness - How did William James differ from Wundt in studying consciousness? William James - Who thought consciousness is a stream? Wilhelm Wundt - Who thought consciousness can be broken up? The features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations - What is natural selection? temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences - What is hysteria? the part of the mind that operates outside of awareness, but that influences thoughts, feelings, actions - What is unconsciousness? The unconscious mental processes - What is emphasis in Freud's psychoanalytic theory? bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders - What is psychoanalysis? His ideas were hard to test. His vision of human nature was pessimistic and dark. - What are main criticisms to Freud's approach? an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings
stimulus-response - Why is behaviorism called S-R psychology? B.F. Skinner, Pavlov, Watson - What psychologist is associated with behaviorism? It is manipulative to "train" people to react certain ways to stimuli - What are main criticisms of behaviorism psychology? a psychological approach that emphasizes the active role that the mind plays in generating a perceptual experience - What is Gestalt psychology? Behaviorism - What psychology was dominant from 1930s-50s? the scientific study of mental processes including perception, thought, memory and reasoning - What is cognitive psychology? The invention of the computer - Why did cognitive psychology take over behaviorism in the 1950s? an approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes - What is behavioral neuroscience? explains mind, behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection - What is evolutionary psychology? the study of the causes and consequences of sociality - What is social psychology? the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members - What is cultural psychology? the field of study that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity - What is cognitive neuroscience?