Introduction to Psychology - Midterm Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Psychology

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Intro to Psychology - Midterm Exam Questions with

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1. What is psychology? - Correct Answer The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
2. Why is psychology a science? - Correct Answer Collection of data through systematic observation in order to describe, explain, predict, and hopefully control behavior. (Scientific Method)
3. What are the 2 areas of psychology? - Correct Answer Research-oriented and application-oriented
4. How many divisions of the APA are there? - Correct Answer 54
5. What are the 3 subdivisions of research-oriented psychology? - Correct Answer Developmental, physiological, and experimental
6. What are the 2 subdivisions of application-oriented psychology? - Correct Answer Clinical (Counseling), Sports and Exercise
7. What is the advantage of Naturalistic Observation? - Correct Answer Behavior is natural and spontaneous
8. What are 2 disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation? - Correct Answer Time consuming, observer bias
9. What are 2 advantages of Case Studies? - Correct Answer Close and concentrated, examine all aspects of behavior
10. What are 2 disadvantages of Case Studies? - Correct Answer Schedule conflicts, can't generalize
11. What is the advantage of Surveys? - Correct Answer Quick way to gather info
12. What are 2 disadvantages of Surveys? - Correct Answer Do not determine or explain causes of behavior, sampling error
13. What is the advantage of Correlational Research? - Correct Answer Allows for predictions
14. What is the disadvantage of Correlational Research? - Correct Answer Can't prove cause/effect

15. r =? - Correct Answer -1 < r < -0.5: negative correlation 0.5 < r < 1: positive correlation anything else: no correlation
16. What is the advantage of Experimental Research? - Correct Answer Cause/effect
17. What is the disadvantage of Experimental Research? - Correct Answer Lab setting
18. What is a Longitudinal Study? - Correct Answer Studying the same group at different times
19. What is a Cross-Sectional Study? - Correct Answer Studying different groups at the same time
20. Who was Wilhelm Wundt? - Correct Answer First formal psychological laboratory, 1879 First psychology class - 4 students First experiment: reaction time study
21. Who was Sigmund Freud? - Correct Answer Case studies on people's dreams Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamics
22. Who was Stanley Milgram? - Correct Answer Obedience experiment in 1963
23. Who was Ivan Pavlov? - Correct Answer Learning occurs through classical conditioning
24. Who was B.F. Skinner? - Correct Answer Learning is best achieved through operant conditioning - rewards & punishments
25. Who was G. Stanley Hall? - Correct Answer Student of Wundt who founded APA in 1890
26. Who was Alfred Binet? - Correct Answer 1st modern intelligence test, 1905
27. What is a neuron? - Correct Answer Smallest unit in CNS
28. How many neurons reside in the brain alone? - Correct Answer 100 billion+
29. What are the 4 components of a neuron? - Correct Answer Dendrites, Soma, Axon, and Myelin Sheath
30. What is a Dendrite? - Correct Answer Incoming message

31. What is a Soma? - Correct Answer Cell body
32. What is an Axon? - Correct Answer Outgoing message (1 per neuron)
33. What is the Myelin Sheath? - Correct Answer Insulates axons & increases speed
34. What is the Synaptic Cleft? - Correct Answer The small space between neurons
35. What does Acetylcholine contribute to? - Correct Answer Alzheimer's
36. What does Neuropeptide cause? - Correct Answer Food cravings
37. What does Serotonin influence? - Correct Answer mood regulation; depression
38. What do Endorphins do? - Correct Answer Inhibit pain messages
39. What does Dopamine contribute to? - Correct Answer Parkinson's
40. What are the 3 types of neurons? - Correct Answer Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons
41. What do sensory (afferent) neurons do? - Correct Answer Carry messages from the senses to the brain
42. What do motor (efferent) neurons do? - Correct Answer Carry messages from the brain to the muscles
43. What are interneurons and how much of the total neuron count do they make up?
    • Correct Answer "extension cords;" 99%
44. What is the Corpus Callosum? - Correct Answer The nerve fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of the brain
45. What does the Cerebellum control? - Correct Answer Reflexes, balance, coordination
46. What does the Thalamus do? - Correct Answer Relays & translates incoming messages from the sense receptors (except smell) to the brain
47. What does the Hypothalamus control? - Correct Answer Emotion, primary motivations (eat, drink, sex)
48. What is the Medulla and what does it control? - Correct Answer The "gate" that controls HR and breathing

49. What are the 4 lobes of the brain? - Correct Answer Frontal, Occipital, Temporal, Parietal
50. What does the Occipital Lobe control? (If you miss this one, you're stupid) - Correct Answer Receives and interprets visual information
51. What does the Frontal Lobe control? - Correct Answer Voluntary movements, muscle control, attentions, drive, & task completion
52. What does the Temporal Lobe control? - Correct Answer Regulates complex visual tasks, hearing, & smelling; handles balance, coordination, motivation & emotion
53. What does the Parietal Lobe control? - Correct Answer Responds to sensations of touch and bodily positions
54. What does the left hemisphere control? - Correct Answer Right hand,Speech, Language & Mathematics, Writing, Math, Logic
55. What does the right hemisphere control? - Correct Answer Left hand, Spatial Construction, Face Recognition, Music, Dance, Art, Sculpture, Fantasy
56. What does Broca's Area control? - Correct Answer Ability to talk
57. What does Wernicke's Area control? - Correct Answer Ability to understand what is heard or read
58. What is an EEG? - Correct Answer Electroencephalograph - 1929, size, strength, & rhythm of brain waves
59. What is a CT scan? - Correct Answer Computerized axial tomography - 3D images of brain via X-ray
60. What is an MRI? - Correct Answer Magnetic resonance imaging - magnetic field & radio waves to produce image of inner brain structures
61. What is a PET scan? - Correct Answer Positron emission tomography - injection of radioactive substances to map brain activity
62. What is an fMRI? - Correct Answer Functional MRI - like an MRI but with more brain activity
63. What are the 2 systems of the Autonomic Nervous System? - Correct Answer Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

64. What is the Sympathetic Nervous System? - Correct Answer Converts body to action (gas pedal)
65. What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System? - Correct Answer Conserves body, slows down action (brake pedal)
66. What is Behavior Genetics? - Correct Answer Study of the relationship between heredity and behavior
67. What are the 3 types of studies within Behavior Genetics? - Correct Answer Family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies
68. What is Prosopagnosia? - Correct Answer The inability to recognize faces, but the ability to recognize the emotion on faces
69. What is Glaucoma? - Correct Answer Fluid buildup in eyes that eats away at optic nerves; typically seen in elderly
70. What is Tinnitus? - Correct Answer CONSTANT ringing in ears - 1% of population
71. What are the 2 systems of smell? - Correct Answer Odor detection, communication (mostly nonhuman)
72. What are pheromones? - Correct Answer Chemicals that communicate by smell
73. What is Anosmia? - Correct Answer Complete loss of smell
74. What is the kinesthetic sense? - Correct Answer Sense that provides info about muscle movement, changes in posture, and muscle strain
75. What is the vestibular sense? - Correct Answer Awareness of body position in space
76. What are the 3 possible factors that contribute to pain being different for everyone? - Correct Answer Environmental, psychological, biological
77. What is the Gate Control theory? - Correct Answer Explanation for "biological" pain factor: body made up of small & large fibers; the more large fibers you have, the less pain you feel (because large fibers CLOSE "gate"
78. What is a placebo? - Correct Answer A fake bracelet, pill, etc. that is advertised to relieve pain; works ONLY if patron doesn't realize it's fake because the pain is in their head

79. What are the 4 types of waking consciousness? - Correct Answer Learning, memory, problem solving, attention
80. What are the 7 types of altered states of consciousness? - Correct Answer Sleep, meditation, hypnosis, daydreaming, dreaming, sensory deprivation, flow
81. What is "Flow?" - Correct Answer An almost euphoric moment of total absorption when an individual is heavily involved in a task
82. When does Flow happen? - Correct Answer When demands are high and a task is challenging
83. Why are daydreams useful? - Correct Answer Relaxing, reduces internal tension & external aggression, builds cognitive & creative skills, helps express various [guilty] desires, aids in problem solving, memory storage, helps endure difficult situations
84. What is the official term for "Flow?" - Correct Answer IZOF: Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning
85. When does the Twilight stage of sleep come? - Correct Answer Before Stage 1
86. What does epinephrine do? When does it peak? - Correct Answer Causes body to wake up; 10-11am
87. What is melatonin? - Correct Answer Body's natural sleeping pill
88. What is NREM? - Correct Answer Non-rapid eye movement; another name for Stages 1-
89. How many US adults are sleep deprived? - Correct Answer More than 50%
90. What is sleep apnea? - Correct Answer Difficulty breathing while sleeping
91. What is the effect of narcolepsy? - Correct Answer Suddenly falling asleep
92. What is insomnia? - Correct Answer Difficulty falling/staying asleep
93. What is Bruxism? - Correct Answer Grinding of teeth while sleeping
94. What is Kleine-Levin Syndrome? - Correct Answer "Sleeping Beauty," excessive sleeping, for up to 2 weeks; unknown cause
95. About how many hours does a person dream in a single night? - Correct Answer 2

96. About how many dreams can a person have in a night? - Correct Answer 5-
97. What are Sleep Terrors? - Correct Answer AKA Night Terrors, screaming in middle of night and cannot be awakened
98. What are the 2 interpretations on the significance of dreams? - Correct Answer Freud's wish-fulfillment, Mental Housecleaning
99. What does Freud's wish-fulfillment theory propose? - Correct Answer Dreams represent our unconscious desires, symbolic
100. What do men vs. women typically dream about? - Correct Answer Men: aggression, hostility, sexuality, achievement, men
101. Women: pleasant emotions, family
102. What are the 4 types of meditation? - Correct Answer Zen, progressive relaxation, Sufism, and transcendental
103. What is Zen? - Correct Answer Calm state based on constant breathing rhythm
104. What is progressive relaxation? - Correct Answer Respiration/muscle contractions
105. What is Sufism? - Correct Answer Dancing and prayer
106. What is transcendental meditation? - Correct Answer Mantra (chanting)
107. How is hypnosis done? - Correct Answer Relaxed position, participant focused on voice/object
108. Who is most susceptible to hypnosis? - Correct Answer Those who believe it'll work, have vivid imaginations, abusive family past, children