I/O Final EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND DETALED CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

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Industrial & Organizational Psychology I/O

Final EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM

QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT

ANSWERS| I/O A+ GRADE

You are appraising the performance of your employees. The performance measure contains a scale that measures dependability. This scale lists several behaviors that vary in dependability from "often misses work with no excuse" to "always completes tasks by deadline." The rater selects the behavior that best describes the ratee. This performance measure is a ____________. Correct Answer behaviorally anchored rating scale Which of the following is a subjective measure of teaching performance? Correct Answer average student report of how much they like the course The degree to which a criterion falls short of measuring job performance refers to Correct Answer criterion deficiency. A new client asks you to recommend a performance appraisal method that would allow them to measure the amount of time that an employee was engaged in particular behaviors. What type of scale would you recommend? Correct Answer A behavior observation scale (BOS) Seminars could best be used for training Correct Answer accountants on changes in the tax laws.

Evidence indicates that training is more effective when practice is Correct Answer spaced. Which type of training method has the advantage of giving the trainees the most immediate practice of new skills? Correct Answer simulation. Growth needs strength is defined as Correct Answer an employee's need and desire for personal growth and development on the job According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, achievement and responsibility are called _______ factors and can lead to___________. Correct Answer motivator; job satisfaction If a worker were experiencing overpayment inequity, he or she may Correct Answer change his/her comparisons of other's inputs and outputs. Equity theory Correct Answer examines employee's perceptions of fairness in relation to other employees. According to goal-setting theory and research, Correct Answer specific goals are more motivating than vague goals. Global job satisfaction is related to facet job satisfaction in which of the following ways? Correct Answer You take the weighted average of the different facet satisfactions to obtain global satisfaction. A person who would tend to respond to their job negatively and would be dissatisfied with it would score high in which of the following personality traits? Correct Answer Negative affectivity

Which of the following is NOT a specific type of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)? Correct Answer self-development You have just started a new job and are unsure of your responsibilities due to your supervisor's unclear directions. You are likely to be _________ your job because of _________? Correct Answer less satisfied with; role ambiguity Job satisfaction is defined as Correct Answer all the positive and negative feelings one has about one's job. Suppose that a manager wants to increase the output of a staff of word processors/typists. Which of the following strategies would be consistent with the principles of scientific management? Correct Answer Studying and then designing work stations to increase the efficiency of typing Sally is interested in writing a research paper on the field of industrial/organizational psychology. She knows that you are taking a psychology course she asks you to explain to her the major concerns of I/O psychology. You would be most likely to tell her that I/O psychology is concerned with Correct Answer understanding employees' cognition and behavior at work as well as enhancing the well being of employees in the workplace One important objective of I/O psychology involves Correct Answer applying principles of psychology to solve problems at work. When Putting People First in the Organization, which if the following is NOT one of the seven important practices: Correct Answer job satisfaction

In the famous Hawthorne studies, workers became more productive because Correct Answer they knew they were being observed A random sample is one in which Correct Answer participants are chosen in such a way that each individual has an equal probability of being selected. Which of the following is a well-written hypothesis? (What I mean is that another could be a poorly written hypothesis, so which is the best) Correct Answer As stress increases, job satisfaction decreases. A statistical technique that allows the results from many different research studies to be combined and summarized is called Correct Answer a meta-analysis You want to study the effects of pay (high vs. low) on the performance of men and women. Which of the following is a dependent variable? Correct Answer performance Dr. Psych has been hired to determine how well XYZ company's training program increases worker productivity. In this example, the dependent variable is Correct Answer worker productivity. Which of the following is one of the categories of job elements in the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)? Correct Answer Information input Of the following, job analyses are most useful because: Correct Answer they provide objective information about what needs to be done on the job and who is the best person to perform it A job description is Correct Answer a detailed accounting of the tasks and responsibilities associated with a job

The Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) analyzes various jobs in terms of Correct Answer a survey with nearly two hundred job elements You have been hired to conduct a job analysis at a local fast food chain. After completing your analysis, you conclude that the job requires the job incumbent to cook hamburgers. What information have you identified? Correct Answer Task information Which of the following questions is ILLEGAL to ask on a job interview? Correct Answer Does your religion prevent you from working at nights or on the weekend? In employee selection, a variable used to select a successful job candidate is referred to as a Correct Answer predictor Providing applicants with realistic job previews Correct Answer All of the above (can cut down on new employee turnover; can increase the satisfaction levels of new employees; can increase applicants' rates of turning down employment offers.) The multiple regression approach to employee selection involves Correct Answer combining various predictors of success in a statistical manner To avoid unintentional discrimination against women, minorities, the elderly, and the disabled in the recruitment process, organizations should Correct Answer take steps to attract these applicants in proportion to their numbers in the local population. The two approaches to criterion-related validity are Correct Answer predictive validity and concurrent validity.

One strength of biographical inventories is that: Correct Answer They are generalizable across other jobs in the organization. You have applied for a job as a Public Relations spokesperson for New Millennium Enterprises. As part of the hiring process you are required to take a test designed to measure your tendency to behave in an extroverted way. What type of test were you given? Correct Answer A personality test A situational interview Correct Answer asks interviewees how they would deal with hypothetical job situations. When a researcher is interested in measuring the consistency of measurement across repeated observations of a variable on the same subject they are said to be measuring the ____________ of the measurements. Correct Answer reliability Cognitive restructuring is Correct Answer an individual coping technique that has been found to be effective. Stress resulting from a feeling of lack of control is particularly common in Correct Answer lower-level workers. Measurements of worker stress include Correct Answer All of the above The more control an individual has over their job Correct Answer the lower his or her job stress. The relationship between stress and performance is Correct Answer curvilinear, like an inverted U Which of the following communication channels is more likely to be misunderstood? Correct Answer Written channels

Which statement is NOT true regarding rumors? Correct Answer Rumors in organizations are usually false. Encoding involves Correct Answer the selection of a shared code as a means of communication. "Noise" in the communication process refers to Correct Answer All options are correct All of the following are types of nonverbal communication except Correct Answer words of endearment. Group polarization involves Correct Answer groups making decisions that are more extreme than those of individuals. The main reason that cooperation is the rule rather than the exception in work settings is that Correct Answer it is often very difficult to achieve work goals alone. Jane likes to work with others on tasks at work because she has to work harder when she is working alone. It is likely that Jane is Correct Answer engaging in social loafing. Conflict in groups Correct Answer usually involves both task and interpersonal conflict. An example of the reciprocity rule is when an employee Correct Answer helps out a colleague knowing she will do the same for her someday. According to Fiedler's contingency model, task oriented leaders are more effective than relationship-oriented leaders in situations that are Correct Answer either very favorable or very unfavorable.

Contingency theories of leadership Correct Answer examine the interaction of leader characteristics and the situation. The transformational and charismatic leadership theories consider whether or not a leader can __________ followers. Correct Answer inspire Which model predicts that some workers will have low levels of satisfaction because they do not have close relationships with their leaders? Correct Answer the leader-member exchange model Which of the following is NOT one of the four categories of leader behavior outlined in path-goal theory? Correct Answer Authoritative What was The Purdue Pegboard was designed to test? Correct Answer fine motor movement The validation of the IQ test scores with performance would fall under: Correct Answer Industrial Psychology The titles "Director of Personnel" "Management Consultant" and "Organizational development specialist" are all used to describe functions that I/O psychologists do in the workplace Correct Answer True A direct result of Fredrick Taylor's work was Correct Answer assembly lines Father of I/O psychology Correct Answer Hugo Munsterberg The scientist-practitioner model is a major part of I/O psychology because it emphasizes the generation of abstract knowledge more than applied knowledge Correct Answer False

The study of stress would fall under Correct Answer Organizational Psychology The majority of I/O psychologists work in academia Correct Answer False Many believe that organizational psychology started because of Correct Answer The Hawthorne Studies Fortune 500 Companies have good systems in place and rarely hire I/O psychologists Correct Answer False Lillian Gilbreth is responsible for the foot pedal operated trash cans Correct Answer True Helping new employees adjust to a new workplace would most likely fall under Correct Answer Organizational Psychology The difference between the US Army's Alpha and Beta tests is that Beta tests Correct Answer were developed for the illiterate The main organization to which most I/O psychologists belong to is Correct Answer SIOP When the National Academy of Science decided the first Hawthorne study was a failure, G.E. funded the experiment on their own dime in order to investigate what happened. Correct Answer True The study of leadership would probably fall under: Correct Answer Organizational Psychology The original purpose of the Hawthorne Studies was to: Correct Answer Understand how lighting impacts productivity

Scientific management is: Correct Answer a process in which worker movements were timed a process that ignored worker well-being a process that emphasized efficiency The intelligence tests adapted for military use were called the: Correct Answer Alpha and Beta tests In order to earn their doctorate (Ph.D.) psychologists must complete a dissertation. Correct Answer True If a specific quality is considered abstract and difficult to measure, it is a(n)..... Correct Answer construct The most frequently used method of data collection in I/O psychology is.... Correct Answer surveys What is the major difference between an experiment and a quasi- experiment? Correct Answer Quasi-experiments do not include random assignment Harry believes that people see a white light as they are about to die. Hermione argues that if a person is dead, it is impossible to find out if that person saw a white light as they died, therefore there is no way to support this theory. Harry's theory lacks.... Correct Answer testability Correlations are relevant to I/O psychology because they are involved in making.... Correct Answer predictions Which of the following correlation values indicates the strongest relationship? Correct Answer -.

Dr. Green, using an archival data set for his research, sees that data were collected from the same group of students when they were in in sixth, seventh, and eighth grade. This data set is..... Correct Answer longitudinal The extent to which results in an experiment generalize to other people, settings, and timesis referred to as..... Correct Answer external validity In an experiment, a researcher is investigating the effects of three types of rewards on job satisfaction. The independent variable is.... Correct Answer the types of rewards Dr. Brown is curious whether the size of desks impacts the number of thefts among office employees. She goes to four different floors in a law firm building and gives them each difference size desks (extra small, small, medium, large). She then uses a complex system to track theft and compares the results across groups. This study is most likely..... Correct Answer Quasi-experimental External validity..... Correct Answer is inversely related to internal validity Dr. Blue read about a theory that suggested that students perform better on tests if they study in the same room that they take the test in. She decides to collect data in order to support this theory. In this situation, Dr. Blue is using... Correct Answer deduction What is a common way to measure job satisfaction? Correct Answer both self-administered questionnaires and interviews Which of the following is the LEAST common method of collecting data for I/O psychology research? Correct Answer naturalistic observation

An operational definition is..... Correct Answer a concrete definition on how a construct is to be measured What is one benefit of an experimental design? Correct Answer It can be tightly controlled When data that has already been collected are reanalyzed in a different way to find new information it is considered.... Correct Answer archival observations ___________ is when a scientist starts with data and creates a theory to explain it whereas ___________ is when a scientist starts with a theory and collects data to support or refute it. Correct Answer Induction, deduction The goals of science include description, explanation, control, and ________. Correct Answer prediction A measure is considered to have parallel form reliability if..... Correct Answer the test reflects the extent to which two independent forms of the test are equivalent measures of the same construct According to the point-system approach: Correct Answer an individual who works in dangerous conditions should receive more compensation One way job analysts can gather information about a job is by simple observation. What the benefit in gathering data this way? Correct Answer Analyst gets a good understanding and appreciation for the conditions under which that job is performed

Which is the most commonly used method for gathering information about a particular job? Correct Answer Interviews What is a benefit for using surveys as a ways of gathering information for job analysis? Correct Answer It's the most legally defensible Job analysis is the process of _________ a job. Correct Answer defining __________ presents the task requirements of a job (working conditions, machinery involved, etc.) , while ________ presents the people requirements of a job (reading and writing, ability to communicate, etc.) Correct Answer job description; job specifications KSAOs constitute the knowledge, skills, ________, and other characteristics someone must have for a job. Correct Answer abilities According to the text, in a Functional Job Analysis, tasks are rated on three factors: Correct Answer people, data, and things An incumbent is: Correct Answer a person who is currently occupying a specific job Which of the following is NOT information provided by the ONET? Correct Answer satisfaction indices In an effort to make job analysis easier, researchers have put job descriptions on the Internet.The name of this database of job descriptions is known as: Correct Answer the ONET For the job of a typist, pressing a key on a keyboard is an example of a _______; being able to type words on they

keyboard, format a document, and email final documents would be examples of ________. Correct Answer elements; tasks In job analysis, we often need to consult people, usually job incumbents or supervisors, who have a great deal of expertise in how a particular job is done. These people are known as: Correct Answer SMEs According to long-established findings, what can be expected to occur when a field, such as administrative assistants, becomes dominated by women? Correct Answer the rate of pay in the field decreases When an I/O psychologist focuses broadly on the general aspects of a job including the physical, interpersonal, and mental factors necessary to complete that job, (s)he is using a _______ approach to job analysis. Correct Answer worker-oriented In one job analysis approach, experts generate task statements that are then administered to incumbents of that job, who check off which tasks they do on the job. This technique is known as the: Correct Answer Task Inventory Approach What is the purpose of job analysis? Correct Answer job placement, job classification, appraisal of worker's performance Before the development of O*NET, _________ was developed by the Department of Labor using the Functional Job Analysis method to match job seekers to jobs. Correct Answer Dictionary of Occupational Titles John is conducting a job analysis for the job of a pizza delivery driver. He focuses on describing the various tasks (driving car to a delivery address, giving customers correct change, etc.). Which of

the following describes John's approach to job analysis? Correct Answer job-oriented approach The compensable factors that are used to determine the value of jobs are effort, skill, responsibility, and: Correct Answer working conditions In I/O psychology, ________ are evaluative standards that can be used as yardsticks for measuring employees' success or failure. Correct Answer criteria If you were somehow able to measure everything that makes up job performance, you would be measuring: Correct Answer ultimate criterion A real-world representation of all aspects of performance that define success on the job is known as the: Correct Answer actual criterion The amount of overlap between the actual criterion and the ultimate criterion is known as criterion ______________. Correct Answer relevance ______________ is the condition in which a measure accesses something that is not part of the ultimate criterion. Correct Answer criterion contamination Even though Emilana's job performance has not changed over the past year, she received a higher evaluation this year because she has become better friends with her boss. This is an example of ______, which leads to _________. Correct Answer bias, criterion contamination

One contributing factor of criterion contamination is: Correct Answer random measurement error Employees at a dry cleaning service are evaluated on the number of shirts ironed per hour. All of the employees iron between 10 and 12 shirts per hour, so it is difficult to distinguish between effective and ineffective employees. There appears to be a problem with the performance criterions: Correct Answer sensitivity Which of the following best describes the Criterion Problem? Correct Answer There is no one performance criterion that is suitable for purposes. Sara, an I/O psychologist, develops a performance appraisal system that measures employee leadership effectiveness, attendance, and team performance, and combines these into a single performance index. Which type of criterion has Sara create? Correct Answer composite criterion An I/O psychologist develops measures that will reflect performance levels that change over time to address the issue of: Correct Answer dynamic criteria Objective criteria tend to be more appropriate for: Correct Answer non-managerial positions According to the text, what is one limitation of objective criteria? Correct Answer They can be limited by situational constraints, for example, a jammed machine. Which of the following is NOT an example of a counterproductive behavior? Correct Answer anger

Spending extra time helping a coworker is an example of _______; stealing paper from a company is an example of _________. Correct Answer an OCB, a CWB Which two areas have to do with the human element (an employee's perception of the criteria) involved in the use of criteria? Correct Answer fairness, practicality True/False: Performance can be measured on a single dimension Correct Answer False What is traditionally viewed as the "cleanest" type of criterion measure as it does not involve making judgments calls? Correct Answer objective criteria What type of objective criterion is typically used in manufacturing plants and assembly lines? Correct Answer productivity Contextual performance is most similarly related to: Correct Answer both OCBs and POBs Performance appraisal can be used to make important personnel decisions such as: Correct Answer Which employees get laid off;When an employee can be fired; Which employees receive pay increases Which of the following is NOT an example of a significant purpose of performance appraisal? Correct Answer Identifying disgruntled employees who feel they deserve a pay increase In organizations, a performance management system is implemented: Correct Answer On a continuous cycle A student giving a professor feedback at the end of the semester is an example of: Correct Answer An upward appraisal rating

One critical reason that organizations use 360-degree feedback is that: Correct Answer This technique can help overcome any biases that exist within a single rater One difficulty related to telework is that: Correct Answer Supervisors tend to over rely on direct sources of information, which are less frequent in telework Distributional errors are more likely associated with which type of appraisal scales? Correct Answer Graphic Rating Scales Megan is completing a performance appraisal and must chose two items (from a group of four) that best describe her customer service employee. This type of appraisal format that Megan is completing is known as a: Correct Answer Forced-Choice Checklist Although Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) are both time and money intensive, research shows that it is more accurate than other appraisal formats for evaluating employees Correct Answer False The type of rating format most prone to rater error is: Correct Answer Checklists Gina, the CEO, is concerned that her managers are purposefully misusing appraisal ratings to make it look as though their teams are very effective. Which of the following should Gina do to solve the problem? Correct Answer Tell the managers that they will have to justify their ratings to her in a face-to-face meeting Research on the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship has shown that employees who experienced a high level of LMX

with their supervisor were rated: Correct Answer High on performance regardless of objective performance indicators Jack is working on a performance appraisal for his subordinate, Jill. The questionnaire asks whether Jill is effective at working with others. Jack doesn't have many opportunities to observe Jill around others, but he thinks she's a good employee in general, so he rates her high on this characteristic. Jack has made which type of rating error? Correct Answer Halo Terry is trying to decide which employees in his company should receive promotions this year. He only has a limited amount of money to offer. What is the best appraisal format for him to use in order to determine the distribution of promotions? Correct Answer Employee Comparison According to research, what typically occurs when employers give justification to their employees when determining promotions? Correct Answer Employees have a higher perception of justice Employees experience less anger Employees may sue their employers What can be done in order to avoid lawsuits when doing performance appraisals? Correct Answer People are trained on how to do ratings of employees Which type of performance appraisal is generally most disliked by both raters and ratees? Correct Answer employee comparison Larry has recently become good friends with his subordinate, Jerry, because their sons are on the same baseball team. When it comes time to do performance appraisals, Larry rates Jerry highly due to their close relationship. What is this an example of? Correct Answer Halo Effect

When given self-ratings, people tend to rate themselves better than they actually are. Correct Answer true When creating a Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale, what is used to make a series of examples of job performance? Correct Answer Critical incidents Daniel is a candidate for a nursing job. He is asked to complete a testing packet to access his medical knowledge and is told to turn it in whenever he has finished. He is likely taking a(n): Correct Answer power test Daniel is asked to participate in a test that will demonstrate his ability to operate a piece of machinery. This type of test is known as a(n): Correct Answer performance test Which statement best summarizes research on test delivery? Correct Answer There are no meaningful differences between students who take their tests using a computer and those who take it using pencil-and-paper. Individual tests are often used only for upper-level managerial positions Correct Answer true Marcy has to chose between four different ability tests. Out of the following options, which represents the BEST choice? Correct Answer a test with a validity coefficient of. Approximately how much variance in performance is explained in cognitive ability? Correct Answer between 25% and 35% The Civil Rights Act requires that if businesses require tests which disparately impact ethnic minorities (such as the Duke Energy case), then they are required to: Correct Answer demonstrate that

such tests are "reasonably related" to the job for which the test is required. The Wonderlic Personnel Test is an example of a(n) _____________, while the Purdue Pegboard test is an example of a _____________. Correct Answer cognitive ability test; psychomotor test Which of the following is NOT a Big Five personality factor? Correct Answer adaptability Which of the following personality predictors has received the most research attention and is reported to be the best predictor of job performance? Correct Answer conscientiousness and emotional stability Which of the following explains why integrity tests have taken a more important role in selection? Correct Answer passage of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act Blll is a candidate for the job of a store security guard. He watches a videotaped scenerio of an attempted store theft and is given four alternatives for how to respond to the theft. Bill is most likely taking a: Correct Answer situational judgement test (SJT) Which of the following statements about work samples is TRUE? Correct Answer They are one of the most valid predictors of job performance. Darcy takes part in a selection session where she completes an in-basket and a leaderless group discussion. This selection tool is best described as: Correct Answer an assessment center

Which of the following options lists predictors from MOST valid to LEAST valid? Correct Answer general cognitive ability, assessment centers, unstructured interviews Integrity tests do not actually predict counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) Correct Answer false Roy is applying to be a firefighter. What is a question that his interviewer can legally ask? Correct Answer "What is your previous work experience?" Which type of specific cognitive ability is considered relevant for secretaries? Correct Answer clerical ability Emotional intelligence is a better predictor of _______ than general cognitive ability. Correct Answer social interactions with others What is the most frequently used selection device when determining who to hire? Correct Answer Application blank How are predictors administered when the multiple hurdle approach to selection is applied? Correct Answer least expensive to most expensive Which of the following would be covered under the Family and Medical Leave Act? Correct Answer temporary mental illness of an employee serious illness of a spouse birth of a child When predictors are administered in a predetermined order, and applicants are measured on a subsequent predictor only if they pass the cutoff on a previous predictor, the approach to selection is known as: Correct Answer multiple hurdle

Mary is 55 years old, Jeff is 21 years old, and Jorge is 45 years old. All three work at a computer software firm and all were fired to be replaced by three new 20-year-old employees. Which employees are covered under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act? Mary is 55 years old, Jeff is 21 years old, and Jorge is 45 years old. All three work at a computer software firm and all were fired to be replaced by three new 20-year-old employees. Which employees are covered under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act? Correct Answer Jorge and Mary only Which of the following statements is TRUE? Correct Answer Hiring members of minorities at a rate below 80% that of members of the majority indicates adverse impact Which of the following is the best example of a BFOQ? Correct Answer An organization requires that applicants be female because they will be monitoring security footage of the women's changing room. One factor that makes predictive validity studies difficult to conduct is that they require: Correct Answer selecting employees based on predictors other than those we intend to validate A selection tool that has poor decision accuracy and is also expensive would likely also have: Correct Answer low utility Alayna is applying for a job as a computer technician. She passes a cognitive test but fails a job knowledge test, and thus she is eliminated from the applicant pool. The approach that was most likely used in this case is: Correct Answer multiple hurdle To be hired as an airline pilot, one must pass three cutoffs: attain a 90% or higher score in a flight simulator, attain an 80% or

higher score on a technical knowledge test, and have at least 500 hours of flying experience. This approach to employee selection is known as: Correct Answer multiple cutoff Ideally, the measures in a selection battery should: Correct Answer have low correlations with one another Which of the following tests would demonstrate the greatest utility? Correct Answer a test in which the selection ratio is .25, and the validity of the measure is .55 Dr. Hawkins obtains a measure of applicant personality. Once applicants have been hired and have been in their position for at least six months, Dr. Hawkins assesses their job performance. In this case, Dr. Hawkins is examining: Correct Answer predicative validity Which selection approach creates the best combination of tests (i.e. work samples, interviews, and assessment centers) to maximize the prediction of the criterion? Correct Answer multiple regression Why is it important to know the base rate of employees on the job? Correct Answer It helps to compare the old selection battery to the new selection battery What is the relationship between the selection ratio and the utility of a selection battery? Correct Answer small selection ratio=greater utility What law doctrine states that employers have the right to fire their employees at any time for any reason or for no reason at all? Correct Answer employment at-will

If a company had 50 Caucasian applicants and hired 30, how many African American applicants would need to be hired in order to avoid adverse impact if 50 African Americans applied? Correct Answer 24/50 applicants True or false: Affirmative action is meant to be a quota system for companies Correct Answer false What is it called when a person is intentionally discriminated against? Correct Answer disparate treatment cases In general, research shows that ______ practice is best for short- and long-term retention of skills. Correct Answer distributed Todd has spent hours mastering how to land a plane in a flight simulator, however when he is asked to land a plane in real life he panics. Todd's training doesn't appear to have __________. Correct Answer psychological fidelity Off-site training, such as in a classroom lecture, has the benefit of being both an efficient and effective way of learning and retaining information Correct Answer false Coach Wilson attends a training session at which he learns a great deal, and he does well on a post-test. However, when he attempts to apply his learning to the job, he finds that he cannot do it effectively. In this case, the training demonstrated good results on the ____ criterion, and poor results on the ____ criterion. (Hint: Criteria come from Kirkpatrick's Model) Correct Answer learning;behavioral The step that companies do the least in Kirkpatrick's Model is: Correct Answer Evaluation of Results