IPE375 FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM Question With 100% Complete Solutions Latest Updates 2024, Exams of Nursing

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IPE375 FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM

Question With 100% Complete Solutions

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6 aims of healthcare - correct answer Safe Effective Equitable Timely Patient-centered Efficient goals of IPE - correct answer Improve overall quality of community health Improve quality of healthcare provided Improve patient safety Emphasize patient-centered care Improve and increase communication among various providers Lower cost of healthcare triple aim - correct answer The "Triple Aim" represents the goal of IPE. It refers to the three main focuses of IPE use/implementation: improving patient experience of care, improving the health of the population, and reducing the per capita cost of care.

The idea of "Triple Aim" was created by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. We like to include the visual representation above to help students better conceptualize an idea that can seem a bit complex. If you visit the Institute for Healthcare Improvement website, you'll find many resources that further detail the Triple Aim concept - http://www.ihi.org/engage/initiatives/TripleAim/Pages/default.aspx. Again, we are showing you this to help you remember the three goals of IPE - better care, better overall health, and less cost. discipline - correct answer An broad area of academic study; the study of an academic subject chemistry, physics, sociology, psychology profession - correct answer A profession is an occupation or career that requires extensive study and mastery of specialized knowledge prolonged training, and formal qualification. Generally, those in a profession will provide a service to someone. speciality - correct answer A branch of a professional field that requires completing an advanced program of study, passing an examination for the specialty, and/or gaining experience through extensive practice in the specialty. subspecialty - correct answer A focused area of a specialty field/area of practice that requires extensive study and mastery of specialized knowledge and skills. unidisciplinary - correct answer Students from a single discipline learning/working with minimal contact with other students outside of that discipline; activity occurs in one discipline alone. Historically, this is the most standard structure seen in higher education uniprofessional - correct answer One provider/professional working independently to care for a patient. There is little awareness or acknowledgment of practice outside one's own profession; activity contained within one profession only.

Health professional practice that "involves functioning in isolation... there is no coordination or communication among those professions; they operate strictly in silos" (Ray, p. 1370-1371). multidisciplinary - correct answer Individuals from two or more disciplines working alongside one another, but independently toward a common purpose. interdisciplinary - correct answer Individuals from different disciplines who work collaboratively towards a common purpose interprofessional - correct answer The approach to work and learning that requires integration and collaboration to incorporate the perspectives of more than one profession" (OHSU Interprofessional Initiative common Glossary). "Interprofessional care is the provision of comprehensive health services to patients by multiple health caregivers who work collaboratively to deliver quality care within and across settings" (Health Force Ontario, 2007) transdisciplinary practice - correct answer Someone representing one disciplinary group takes on roles/tasks of another disciplinary group; the assumption is that person is qualified to do this (has the expertise). An example of this may be a faculty member who teaches psychology, but actually has a degree in child and family development transprofessional practice - correct answer An individual from one professional group assumes the roles/tasks of another profession, although traditionally outside the scope of practice, because s/he has the expertise to complete them. Health professional practice that "involves team members from different professions who share knowledge and skills. As a result, traditional boundaries between professions become less rigid, allowing members of the team to work on problems not typically encountered by or seen as the responsibility of their discipline" (Ray, pp. 1370-1371).

collaboration - correct answer Two or more individuals work together cooperatively, including sharing responsibilities for solving problems and making decisions to formulate and carry out plans. collaborative practice - correct answer Collaborative Practice in health care occurs when multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds provide comprehensive services by working together synergistically along with patients, their families, caregivers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care across settings (World Health Organization, 2008). patient centered care - correct answer The Institute of Medicine (2001) defines PCC as "a partnership among practitioners, patients, and their families (when appropriate) to ensure that decisions respect patient's wants, needs, and preferences and that patients have the education and support they need to make decisions and participate in their own care" (p.7). collaborative patient centered care - correct answer Promotes the active participation of each health care discipline in patient care. It enhances patient and family-centered goals and values, provides mechanisms for continuous communication among caregivers, optimizes staff participation in clinical decision-making within and across disciplines and fosters respect for disciplinary contributions made by all professionals" (CIHC). interprofessional competencies in healthcare - correct answer Integrated enactment of knowledge, skills, and values/attitudes that define working together across the professions, with other health care workers, and with patients, along with families and communities, as appropriate to improve health outcomes in specific care contexts. Involves a loosely organized group of individuals from different health and social care professions who meet and work together on a periodic basis (University of Arkansas Medical Science, 2016). development of inter professional competencies - correct answer Exposure Early stage in building interprofessional competencies. Students explore concepts, values and contexts; practice skills. Immersion Application of IP competencies. Students apply knowledge and skills; analyze concepts, values, and contexts.

Integration Interprofessional competency focused on Integrating and adapting knowledge and skills in practice; translating knowledge; seeking new knowledge; acting for change barriers to IPE education - correct answer Lack of funding for training and for faculty development Limited administrative support/buy-in Lack of coordination between units Geographical separation of programs Curricular overload/Inhibitive Curricular Structure Accreditation standards Professional Culture Lack of funding for training and for faculty development Possible solution Grant funding to support faculty development and training Limited administrative support/buy-in Possible solution Education of administrators Lack of coordination between units Potential Solution Organization of IPE leadership teams Geographical separation of programs Potential Solution Co-location of programs Increased IPE training opportunities

Accreditation standards in some professions may make interprofessional education more difficult Potential Solution Emphasis on IPE in accreditation standards Incorporating standards requiring IPE experiences Holding programs accountable (ensures the issue is at least addressed Curricular Overload/Inhibitive Curricular Structure Possible Solutions Early exposure to other disciplines Common course offerings Interdisciplinary faculty working teams Student involvement in curricular design Promotion of standards by accrediting bodies Professional Culture "Profession-centrism" Possible Solutions Application of the "IDEA" Framework Interaction - students have the opportunity to work with or learn directly with individuals from other health professions Data - obtaining accurate information about other health professions Expertise - allows students the chance to communicate clearly, and effectively with other professions concerning the values and processes of patient care Attention - students reflect upon their professional culture (assumptions and biases) as well as the cultures of other professionals barriers to Interprofessional practice - correct answer Individual Level Practice Level

Systems Level Individual-level Lack of role clarity & trust Difficulty managing and optimizing roles with the team if there is limited knowledge and understanding of other team members' knowledge, skills and scopes of practice Perceived and projected professional hierarchy Difficult to eliminate - legal responsibilities of physicians Tradition Language use Communications individual level - correct answer Lack of role clarity & trust Difficulty managing and optimizing roles with the team if there is limited knowledge and understanding of other team members' knowledge, skills and scopes of practice Potential Solution Continuing education for team with an emphasis on Interprofessional Education Perceived and projected professional hierarchy Difficult to eliminate - legal responsibilities of physicians Tradition Language use Communications Potential Solutions Communication training Clarification of legal responsibilities Lack of role clarity & trust

Difficulty managing and optimizing roles with the team if there is limited knowledge and understanding of other team members' knowledge, skills and scopes of practice Perceived and projected professional hierarchy Difficult to eliminate - legal responsibilities of physicians Tradition Language use Communications practice level - correct answer Lack of governance structure and leadership to manage complex practices Insufficient space and time for communication and collaboration Difficulty establishing appropriate skill mix and team size Inadequate communication mechanisms and technology Lack of governance structure and leadership to manage complex practices Potential Solution Training in facilitation and collaboration Insufficient space and time for communication and collaboration Potential Solution Co-location in early stages Difficulty establishing appropriate skill mix and team size Potential Solution Research and evaluation to inform decisions Inadequate communication mechanisms and technology Potential Solutions Interprofessional case conferences; "clinic huddles"? Electronic medical records, video-conferences, telehealth

Others?? system level barriers - correct answer Inadequate interprofessional education and training Sub-optimal funding Lack of appropriate monitoring and evaluation to inform change Inadequate interprofessional education and training Possible Solutions Integrate IPE education into academic preparation Employee continuing education in IPE and IPP Sub-optimal funding Possible Solution Reallocation of funds to support Lack of appropriate monitoring and evaluation to inform change Possible Solutions Improved monitoring and evaluation 5 core concepts of IPE - correct answer Mutual Respect Role Knowledge and Clarification Patient-Centered Care Interprofessional Team Communication Collaboration (five components of collaboration) Sharing Partnership Power Interdependency

Process mallows hierarchy of learning - correct answer Human actions are directed toward goal attainment Five levels of needs—typically represented as a pyramid People aim to meet basic needs before seeking the highest level, self-actualization. Maslow's Hierarchy of Learning was proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. You have probably studied this in Introductory Psychology and perhaps in other courses as well. Please review this theory to refresh your understanding of it. Basics: Human behavior/action is goal-directed (or is directed toward goal-attainment) Organized in hierarchical fashion and presented (typically) as a pyramid Four "lower order" needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem) Considered "deprivation" or "deficiency" needs because lacking in these needs creates an imbalance/deficiency that motivates one to achieve these needs Most obviously you could think of this as a hunger. If you're hungry, you're going to seek food (you have a deficiency you wish to rectify) One "growth" need (self-actualization) Also known as "self-fulfillment" Behavior is not motivated by deprivation/deficiency, but by the desire to grow/improve Very few people, according to Maslow, achieve this level of thought/behavior Lower order needs must be satisfied before higher order needs can have an impact upon behavior When applying this theory to the classroom, we find that the lower level needs can be distractions that can impact the attention given to the material. We also find that the social situation of the classroom can help satisfy some of the needs an individual may have.

blooms taxonomy theory - correct answer Bloom's Taxonomy is named for its developer, Benjamin Bloom. He proposed a way of organizing educational objectives with increasing complexity. Bloom's levels were later revised by Krathwohl. In this course you will be expected to know and use the revised terminology for the levels. Basics: Like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Blooms Taxonomy is also typically organized in a pyramid Created in collaboration with Max Englehart, Edward Furst, and David Krathwohl and initially known as "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives" Initially consisted of SIX major categories: Knowledge - "involves the recall of specifics and universals, the recall of methods and processes, or the recall of a pattern, structure, or setting" Comprehension - "refers to a type of understanding or apprehension such that the individual knows what is being communicated and can make use of the material or idea being communicated without necessarily relating it to other material or seeing its fullest implications" Application - "use of abstractions in particular and concrete situations" Analysis - "breakdown of a communication into its constituent elements or parts such that the relative hierarchy of ideas is made clear and/or the relations between ideas expressed are made explicit" Synthesis - "putting together of elements and parts so as to form a whole" Evaluation - "judgments about the value of material and methods for given purposes" Categories following "knowledge" are considered "skills and abilities"; idea is that knowledge is necessary to acquire, hone, and apply new skills Revised in 2001; renamed - A Taxonomy for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment Revision is meant to highlight the dynamism of the concepts (original version seemed static, whereas the new version is meant to show that concepts are constantly changing/evolving; this is why "ing" ve adult learning theory - correct answer Six Assumptions:

1. Need to Know: Adults need to know why they need to learn something

2. Self-Concept: Adults are self-directed (ready to learn) and like to be involved in planning and evaluation;
3. Life Experience: Adults bring life experience to learning (adults have diverse experience; learning can draw on experience; learning needs to be associated with existing knowledge; sometimes "unlearning" is required)
4. Readiness to Learn: Adults are interested in learning that can be applied to their career or personal life
5. Orientation to Learning: problem solving rather than simply learning content
6. Motivation Malcolm Knowles is known for his development of adult learning theories, also known as andragogy. Adult learning theory is especially appropriate for traditional and non-traditional students preparing for health disciplines. Basics: The term "andragogy" means "the art and science of helping adults learn"; contrasted with the term "pedagogy" ("the art and science of helping children learn") Knowles suggests that adult educators: Establish a climate of cooperation for learning Meet the learner where he/she is by assessing his/her needs Present materials sequentially/use activities that allow for sequential application of information Seek input from the learner to determine appropriate teaching methods, materials, and instruction resources Evaluate the learning experiences had by students and make adjustments based upon feedback A lot of self-directed learning happens with this population (adults) engagement theory - correct answer Main premise: Students should be meaningfully involved in their learning through interactive and worthwhile tasks. Engagement theory suggests that learning experiences focus on the following three elements/ideas:

1. Relate: learning through collaboration; emphasizes teamwork
2. Create: project-based learning; "students are working on a creative and purposeful activities"
3. Donate: projects should have an authentic focus; they should be seen as useful to an "outside customer" from the community Technology is not required but can facilitate engagement Kearsley and Shneiderman's engagement theory has been applied to interprofessional education and practice. Proposed by Shneiderman as the "teaching/learning philosophy for the cyber-generation" Three key elements are Relate, Create and Donate. This theory is frequently associated with the use of technology. Although technology is not required, it can facilitate engagement. reflective learning - correct answer "Reflection - in - action" "Thinking on our feet"; building new understandings to inform actions in the situation that is unfolding; Reflects on the situation Reflects on prior understandings Reflection - on - action - occurs after an encounter Reflection is an important aspect of successful interprofessional education and practice. Defined as "knowing in action" Emotional component to reflection; need to have some sort of emotional/affective response to a situation Use reflection to reframe troubling situations so that solutions can be generated and problem- solving can commence "Doing and thinking are complementary"

Guide for "reflecting in action"

1. Choose an incident/define a problem
2. Think about the situation before and after an intervention
3. "Consider" the thought process that led you to "fill in the gaps" between the before and after
4. Summarize the situation gibbs reflective cycle - correct answer Graham Gibbs has also published about the reflection and developed his Reflective Cycle as model for reflection. Encourages systematic thought about the "phases" of an experience Characterized as "Learning by Doing" Learning from mistakes; particularly useful in repeating situations (situations encountered regularly) Six stages in the cycle: Description (what happened?) Feelings (how did you feel/think about it?) Evaluation (what was good/bad about the situation) Analysis (how can I make sense of the situation?) Conclusions (what else/more could have been done?) Actions/Action plans athletic training - correct answer Roles/responsibilities: Athletic trainers specialize in examining, diagnosing and treating athletes and other active individuals with muscle or bone injuries. They emphasize prevention of injuries Collaborate with physicians (as well as other providers) Entry-level degree needed to practice: Through Fall 2022, the entry-level degree for practice is the Bachelor of Athletic Training. The profession is transitioning to an entry-level Master's degree currently

Accrediting Organization: CAATE - Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education National Credentialing Exam: Board of Certification for the Athletic Trainer (BOC) Licensure: Most states require licensure or certification for athletic trainers, but requirements vary. Most states require graduation from a CAATE accredited program and a passing score on the BOC. Continuing education required for professionals in this field Specialties Residencies available in areas such as advanced training in musculoskeletal evaluation and treatment Work Environment: Educational settings—colleges and high schools Hospitals/clinics Physicians' offices College Athletics Professional sports teams and with professional athletes Performing arts Military Corporate/industrial setting Professional Association National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) audiologist - correct answer Roles/responsibilities:

Audiologists examine, diagnose, and treat patients with hearing, balance, and ear problems. They may fit hearing aids, relieve vertigo and balance issues, and fit cochlear implants. Entry-level degree: Doctor of Audiology (AuD) - 4 years A Bachelor's degree is needed for admission to AuD programs. Accrediting Organization: Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA-ASHA) Accreditation Commission on Audiology Education (ACAE) National Examination or Credential Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology (CCC-A) from the American Speech-Language- Hearing Association National Examination - Praxis - Audiology Licensure: Required in all states but some requirements vary All require the doctorate degree Board Certifications: American Board of Audiology Board Certified in Audiology Specialties Pediatric Audiology Specialty Certification (PSAC) Cochlear Implant Specialty Certification (CISC) Work Environment: Hospitals Physicians' office Audiology clinics Professional Association: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Academy of Doctors of Audiology (ADA)

American Academy of Audiology (AAA) dentist - correct answer Roles/responsibilities: Dentists identify, diagnose, and treat oral conditions, perform clinical procedures such as fillings, crowns, implants, and extractions. They also provide oral health advice and education. Entry-level degree: Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Doctor of Dental Medicine (DDM), or Doctor of Medical Dentistry (DMD) A Bachelor's degree with required pre-requisite courses and the Dental Admission test (DAT) are usually required for admission. Accrediting Organization: Commission on Dental Accreditation National Examination or Credential National Board Dental Examinations Parts I and II administered by ADA's Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations Licensure: Requirements vary by state but include a DDS, DDM 9 dental specialties require 2-4 year residencies Dental Public Health Endodontics Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Periodontics Pediatric Dentistry Prosthodontics

Work Environment: Dentist's Offices- private practice Dental Schools Military Professional Association: American Dental Association (ADA) American Dental Education Association (ADEA) http://www.adea.org/ dietician - correct answer Roles/responsibilities: RDNs are experts in the use of food and nutrition to promote health and manage disease. Entry-level degree needed to practice: A Bachelor's degree from an accredited Coordinated Program in Dietetic that incorporate clinical experience and didactic education OR Completion of an accredited bachelor's Didactic Program in Dietetics plus an accredited Dietetic Internship (typically 1 year) Note: This profession is moving to the Master's degree as the entry-level requirement effective 2024 Accrediting Organization: ACEND - Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics National Examination: Commission on Dietetic Registration - Registered Dietitian Exam; Credential: Registered Dietitian RD or Registered Dietitian Nutritionist RDN Licensure: Most states (including Missouri) require licensure in order to practice. Some states require only state registration or certification to use certain titles. A few states have no regulations. Licensure requirements vary by state but most require graduation with a bachelor's degree from an accredited program, supervised practice, and passing the RD examination.

Specialties: CDR offers certifications in: Sports dietetics Nutrition Support Pediatric Nutrition Renal Nutrition Diabetes Education Work Environment: Hospitals, HMO's, & other health facilities Business and Industry Nursing care facilities Private practice Community and public health settings Educational Institutions Professional Association: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics occupational therapist - correct answer Roles/responsibilities: Occupational Therapists injured, ill, or disabled patients develop, recover, and improve through the therapeutic use of activities. Entry-level degree needed to practice: A master's degree in occupational therapy is CURRENTLY the entry level degree Profession will require a doctoral degree as the entry-level degree effective 2027 Accrediting Organization: ACOTE: Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education.

National Examination National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) exam Licensure: OT practice is regulated in all states although requirements vary The State of Missouri requires licensure Nine Certification Areas: Board Certification Gerontology (BCG) Mental Health (BCMH) Pediatrics (BCP) Physical Rehabilitation (BCPR) Specialty certification Driving and Community Mobility (SCDCM) Environmental Modification (SCEM) Feeding, Eating, and Swallowing (SCFES) Low Vision (SCLV) School Systems (SCSS) Work Environment: Hospitals Home healthcare services Nursing care and rehabilitation facilities Schools Community and governmental agencies Professional Association American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)

optomerist - correct answer Roles/responsibilities: Optometrists examine, diagnose and treat the eyes and other parts of the visual system. They prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses when needed. Entry-level degree needed to practice: Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) - degree requires 4 years of study Applicants must have completed at least 3 years of study; generally have a bachelor's degree; Applicants must take the Optometry Admission Test (OAT) Accrediting Organization: Accreditation Council on Optometric Education (ACOE) (http://www.aoa.org/optometrists/for-educators/accreditation-council-on-optometric- education?sso=y) National Certification or Examination: National Board of Examiners in Optometry (NBEO) exam successfully (http://www.optometry.org/) Licensure: All states require licensure Must have O.D. from accredited school Passing score on the NBEO Some states require an additional clinical exam All require continuing education to renew licenses Specialties Optional 1 year residency in family practice; low vision rehabilitation; pediatric optometry; geriatric optometry; ocular disease. Certification by the American Board of Optometry - demonstrates that they exceed entry-level requirements American Board of Optometry Board Certification Exam Work Environment: Offices of optometry Physicians' offices

Retail stores. Professional Association: American Optometric Association (AOA pharmacist - correct answer Roles/Responsibilities Pharmacists dispense prescription mediations to patients and provide expertise in safe use of prescriptions. Some pharmacists formulate prescriptions or provide immunizations. Entry-level degree needed to practice: Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) - a 4 year professional degrees A bachelor's degree is usually but not always required if prerequisite courses are completed Most programs require applicants to take the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT) Accrediting Organization: Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) National Examination or Certification: R.Ph. North American Pharmacist Licensure Exam (NAPLEX) Multistate Pharmacy jurisprudence Exam (MPJE) or a state-specific test on pharmacy law Licensure: All states require licensure NAPLEX and MPJE or state-specific test Number of hours as an intern varies by state Board of Pharmacy Specialties: Certifications Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Critical Care Pharmacy

Nuclear Pharmacy Nutrition Support Pharmacy Oncology Pediatric Pharmacy Psychiatric Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Work Environment: Pharmacies Hospitals Retail settings Other healthcare settings Professional Association American Pharmacists Association (APhA) physical therapist - correct answer Roles/responsibilities: PTs help patients with injuries or illnesses improve movement and manage pain. Entry-level degree needed to practice: Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree; 3 years of study beyond the bachelor's degree Accrediting Organization: CAPTE: Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education National Examination or Certification National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) administered by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT) Licensure: All states require physical therapists to be licensed Varies by state but all include passing the NPTE

Specialties - American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Clinical Electrophysiology Geriatrics Neurology Oncology Orthopedics Sports Women's Health Work Environment: Private offices and clinics Hospitals Physicians' offices Rehabilitation facilities Long term care facilities Professional Association American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) physician assistant - correct answer Roles/Responsibilities Physician Assistants practice medicine as a part of a healthcare team with collaborating physicians and other providers. Entry-level degree needed to practice: Master's Degree from an accredited program; at least 2 years in length Accrediting Organization: Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA)

National Examination or Certification Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination (PANCE) from the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA) Licensure: All states require licensure PANCE examination Credential: Physician Assistant-Certified (PA-C) Maintenance of certification: 100 hours of continuing education every 2 years Specialties: PAs work in every specialty Specialty Certifications: Certificate of Added Qualifications (CAQ) Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Emergency Medicine Hospital Medicine Nephrology Orthopedic Surgery Pediatrics Psychiatry Work Environment: Hospitals Physicians' offices Other healthcare settings Professional Association American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA