Irene Gold: PT section Questions With Complete Solutions, Exams of Nursing

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Irene Gold: PT section Questions With Complete Solutions Massage: indications & contraindications Indications: subacute sprains, strains, bruises, tendinitis, bursitis contraindications: vascular problems type of massage used to break adhesions friction massage trigger point therapy: indications myofascial pain used to elongate contracted bands of muscle fibers performed no longer than 10 seconds traction: indications/contraindications indications: disc syndromes, IVF encroachment, chronic mm spasm contraindications: bone weak, inhibiting conditions, ligament instability, acute injury cryotherapy: indications/contraindications

indications: ACUTE conditions (<72 hours) -spasticity with CNS disorders, local swelling, mm spasms, neuralgia contraindications: raynauds, circulatory compromise, cold hypersensitive, frostbite, cold allergy, open dermal wounds used 20-30 mins Sensing Cold progression: CBAN cold burning aching numb local effects of cryotherapy vasoconstriction analgesia (greatest effect) anesthesia blocked histamine hardened CT systemic effects of cryotherapy decreased mm fatigue reduced lymph/venous drain shivering/increased mm tone posterior hypothalamus cooled

ind: deep chronic MSK conditions, PID, prostatitis contra: acute conditions, metallic implants, epiphyseal centers Ultrasound ind/contra ind: MSK conditions, contractures, adhesions. Pulsed- acute continuous- subacute/chronic contra: epiphyseal centers, bony prominences, fractures effects: thermal (continuous only), mechanical, chemical, neural US settings Acute: Pulsed 0.5-1.0 w/cm2 (thin) 1-1.5 w/cm2 (thick skin) chronic: Continuous 1-1.5 w/cm 1.5-2.0 w/cm

low volt galvanic exhibits polar effects used for iontophoresis, denervated mm high volt galvanic used for pain control, to reduce mm spasm and edema, and to exercise muscle TENS used for _________ only pain control Faradic/Sine wave used for mm contraction, stretch fibrotic tissue, increase lymph flow Interferential Current (IFC) Used for pain control, edema reduction, break mm spasm, exercise mm same basic effects as high volt but has deeper penetration by use of crossing 2 sine waves trochanteric belt AKA sacroiliac girdle used for SI hypermobility (sit/stand test)

CONCENTRIC: shortened contraction (+ work) ECCENTRIC: lengthening contraction (- work) isokinetic contraction change in length AND constantly changing resistance performed at a constant speed through a full ROM beurger-allen exercises peripheral vascular disease, Buerger's, Raynauds, elderly, bedridden, early stage diabetes (bye bye allen) Repeated 6-7x, several per day williams flexion exercises for LBP abdominal crunches, pelvic tilts, hamstring stretches designed to reduce hyperlordosis -premise: cause of most LBP from walking up in straight position

-states that normal posture is with knees bent/torso slightly bent forward -all activity should be geared to reduce lordosis Pt instructed to do sit-ups w knees flexed, hands in front of chest, head and shoulders lifted off floor up to 6" so that iliopsoas m is not used. Hold 5 seconds or long as possible williams flexion exercise for LBP McKenzie extension exercises extension type exercises used for LBP. Can be used during acute phase codmans exercises (aka Pendular exercises) finger tip wall walking and pendular exercises to restore normal shoulder ROM

Used to rehab the knee Frenkel's Exercises Ataxic motion and to develop coordination used to increase coordination and uses a °wobble board* Clayton's Exercises Crawling exercises to mobilize the spine, and exercise muscles in scoliosis (cross-crawl). Bobath exercises Used for patients with cerebral palsy Patterning

plyometrics Rapid stretching of a muscle group that is undergoing eccentric stress (the muscle is exerting force while it lengthens), followed by a rapid concentric contraction ballistic exercises open chain exercise hand/foot free to move in space ex: bicep curl or leg extensions, bench press, SLR Close chain exercise hand/foot fixed, cant move ex: pushups/squats, pullups, lunges, handstand pushups

Target HR equation 220 beats/min - 20 (age) = 200 ( estimated max heart rate ) - 60 ( resting heart rate ) = 140 x 0.75 (for heart rate range from 0.6 to 0.9) + 60 (resting heart rate) = 185 ( target heart rate ) cardiovascular fitness definition Aerobic exercise = vigorous exercise that results in oxygen consumption (from 50-80% max) and HR (from 60-90% max) maintains this level for at least 15-20 mins Aerobic exercise refers to cyclic movements caused by contraction of large muscle masses relying on aerobic energy pathways McKenzie method/approach Spinal assessment and therapy -based on the behavior of pain and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading

3 types of pain syndromes

1. Postural -end range stress of normal structures
2. dysfunction -end range stress that leads to contracted/adherent structures
3. derangement -anatomical disruption or displacement of structure ( herniated disc ) Plyometrics is based on what concept force x speed = POWER any exercise within mm is contracted eccentrically then immediately concentrically ex: pushup w clap b/w exercises that enable a mm to reach MAX force in shortest time plyometrics (jumps, bounds, box drills, burpees, depth jumps)

O: iliac fossa/lumbar spine I: lesser trochanter of femur If origin fixed: flexes hip joint by flexing femur on trunk (supine alternate leg raising) and may assist in lateral rotation/abduction of hip joint If insertion fixed and acting bilaterally; flexes hip joint by flexing trunk on femur (sit-up from supine position) Rectus Femoris (origin, insertion, action) O: AIIS/exterior groove on ilium I: patellar tendon actions: knee extension, hip flexion -Quads extend knee joint -Rectus femoris portion flexes hip joint Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)

ABducts, flexes, medial/internally rotates hip joint O: ASIS I: IT band via greater trochanter Adductor group lower, magnus, longus, brevis: ADDucts lower limb erector spinae EXTENDs vertebral column in lower thoracics draws ribs DOWN Gastrocnemius

Oblique abdominal group Bilaterally : flex vertebral column, support and compress abdominal viscera Unilaterally : rotate vertebral column, brings thorax forward or pelvis back gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates hip joint •lower fibers assist in ADDuction of hip, upper fibers help with ABDuction •through insertion into IT Bands, helps stabilize knee in extension

gluteus medius abducts hip joint •anterior fibers medially rotate and may assist in flexion of hip joint •posterior fibers laterally rotate and may assist in extension hamstrings •semitendinosus/semimembranosus: flexes and internally rotates knee -extends ands assists in internal rotation of the hip •biceps femoris: flexes and externally rotates knee -Long head extends and assists in external rotation of hip pectoralis major Origin fixed: adducts and internal rotation of humerus Insertion fixed (lateral lip of bicipital groove): may assist in