ISA Arborist Certification Practice Exam: Questions and Answers, Exams of Company Secretarial Practice

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ISA Arborist Certification Practice Exam

Questions and Answers

1.The ideal soil ratio for solids to pore space is: (A) 20:80 (B) 35:65 (C) 40:60 (D) 50:50 ANS : D 2.What is the correct scientific name for the oak tree genus? (A) Quercus (B) Pyrus (C) Larix (D) Acer ANS : A

3. Which of the following is not one of the five major categories of soil hori- zons? (A) O (B) E (C) N (D) B ANS : C 4.Loam is least composed of what soil classification? (A) Sand(B) Silt(C) Clay(D) Loam is composed of all soils evenly ANS : C
4. What is the difference in magnitude of acidity between a PH level reading of 4 vs. a PH reading of 7? (A) 1(B) 3(C) 100 (D) 1000 ANS : D 6.What is not a detrimental impact on tree growth from compaction? (A) Restricted root growth

(B) Reduction of water availability (C) Increasing organic material (D) Restricting air movement ANS : C 7.Field capacity is achieved after the draining of which of the following? (A) Gravitational water (B) Capillary water (C) Micropore water (D) Compacted drainage ANS : A 8.What best defines the permanent wilting point soil moisture condition? (A) Water is present in macro and micropores (B) The condition present immediately after the removal of gravitational water (C) Water is held by soil but unavailable to plants such that they can't recover (D) No water present in soil ANS : C 9.What soil below most likely has the lowest infiltration rate? (A) Loose sand (B) Compacted sand (C) Loose clay (D) Compacted clay ANS : D 10.What major soil horizon category is not included in the zone designated as topsoil? (A) A (B) O (C) E (D) C ANS : D

11.What soil type is most easily compacted? (A) Sand(B) Clay(C) Silt(D) Bedrock ANS : B

12.What is not a tree characteristic which helps to prevent the loss of water? (A) Increased leaf surface area (B) Deep root systems(C) Leaf hairs(D) Waxy outer leaf layer ANS : A 13.What irrigation system type provides water slowly to specific areas of the tree root zone? (A) Drip irrigation(B) High-pressure injection (C) Basin irrigation (D) Soaker hose ANS : A 14.Trees help to control stormwater runoff by all of the following means except: (A) Trees hold water on bark and leaves (B) Roots intercept and retain runoff (C) Fallen leaves create a layer of absorption on the ground (D) All of the above ANS : D 15.What is not an advantage of the use of mulching? (A) Improve infiltration (B) Promote deep root system (C) Reduce soil evaporation (D) Limit weed competition ANS : B 16.What is the minimum slope for drainage pipes placed above an impervious layer? (A) 1/16" per ft (B) 1/8" per ft (C) 1/4" per ft (D) 1/2" per ft ANS : C 17.The main function of a rain garden is which of the following?

(A) Collect and hold stormwater runoff (B) Increase water infiltration (C) Distribute runoff to dry areas (D) Facilitate deep root systems ANS : A 18.What macronutrient most often has the largest requirement for the health of trees? (A) Iron(B) Sulfur(C) Potassium (D) Nitrogen ANS : D 19.What essential element is more readily available in an acidic environment than alkaline? (A) Iron(B) Calcium (C) Sulfur (D) Potassium ANS : A 20.What essential element is more readily available in an acidic environment than alkaline? (A) Iron(B) Calcium (C) Sulfur(D) Potassium ANS : B 21.A 25-lb bag of fertilizer has a 10-6-4 analysis. How many pounds of potas- sium are in the bag? (A) 1 (B) 2.5 (C) 4 (D) 8 ANS : A

22.Required fertilizer distribution rates for quick release are than for that of slow-release. (A) Greater(B) Less(C) Equal(D) No relationship ANS : B 23.What project factor listed below has a detrimental effect on the surface application of fertilizer? (A) Constrained time(B) Inexperienced workers (C) Surface runoff(D) Shallow root structure ANS : C 24.What element can be classified as a micronutrient? (A) Magnesium (B) Calcium(C) Iron(D) Sulfur ANS : C 25.What method of fertilizer application may result in the development of thick patches of grass in spots surrounding the tree? (A) Liquid injection(B) Surface application (C) Foliar application (D) Implants- ANS : A 26.What characteristic is used to differentiate between vascular plant classi- fications? (A) Roots (B) Leaves (C) Seeds (D) Skin ANS : C 27.Of the options listed below which has the broadest level of taxonomic hierarchy? (A) Genus (B) Order (C) Class (D) Family ANS : C 28.What characteristic below is used to differentiate between a simple leaf and a compound leaf? (A) Number of buds (B) Length of petiole (C) Shape of leaflet (D) Number of leaflets ANS : D 29.What major group of conifers is defined by needles borne in clusters? (A) Pine (B) Spruce (C) Fir(D) Juniper ANS : A

30.What leaf margin type is characterized by having a smooth edge? (A) Entire (B) Serrate (C) Serrulate (D) Dentate ANS : A 31.What characteristic below is associated with dicots rather than monocots? (A) Parallel leaf veins(B) Floral parts usually in multiples of four or five (C) Fibrous root system(D) One cotyledon ANS : B 32.A tree is to be planted close to a newly built retaining wall for beautification. What habit is most likely appropriate for the selection of the tree. (A) Pyramidal (B) Upright (C) Weeping (D) Spread ANS : B 33.Hardiness refers to a plant's ability to survive which of the following? (A) Drought(B) Low temperatures (C) Impact(D) Shade ANS : B 34.What tree can be identified as having palmately compound leaves? (A) Buckeye (B) Ash(C) Ailanthus (D) Walnut ANS : C 35.What statement is true below regarding deciduous trees? (A) Allows light in the summer and allows light in the winter

(B) Allows light in the summer and blocks light in the winter (C) Blocks light in the summer and allows light in the winter (D) Blocks light in the summer and blocks light in the winter ANS : C 36.What USDA hardiness zone has an average annual extreme minimum temperature of -60 to -50 degrees Fahrenheit? (A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) 13 ANS : A 37.What is the minimum distance from the edge of a planting hole to any buried utility? (A) 6" (B) 12" (C) 18" (D) 24" ANS : C 38.What tree species listed below is best suited for heavy shade? (A) English oak (B) Willow(C) Gingko(D) American elm ANS : B 39.What tree species listed below is the most likely to be tolerant to storm damage? (A) American elm (B) Cottonwood (C) Live oak(D) Willow ANS : C 40.The first part of a tree's scientific name indicates which of the following? (A) Family(B) Order(C) Genus(D) Common name ANS : C 41.Sweating is a pre-planting procedure often required for which of the fol- lowing nursery stock types? (A) Bare root (B) Containerized (C) Container grown (D) balled and bur lapped ANS : A 42.When is it acceptable to plant a nursery stock tree without removal of the root protection? (A) Biodegradable container

(B) Synthetic burlap (C) Biodegradable burlap (D) Wire basket burlap ANS : A 43.What is the minimum number of primary roots that must be buried 1 to 3 inches below the soil surface when transferring nursery stock? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 ANS : B 44.During tree installation, it is determined that there are 2 inches of soil over the structural roots. The root ball is measured to be 14 inches deep. How deep should the planting hole be? (A) 14 (B) 13 (C) 12 (D) 10 ANS : C 45.How far above ground shall tree caliper be measured for trees less than 4 inches in diameter? (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 ANS : B

46.What is not a recommended course of action for a newly transplanted tree? (A) Increased watering (B) Mulching(C) Guying(D) Fertilizer ANS : D 47.What situation may be advantageous for a transplant to occur during winter? (A) Large trees in colder climates (B) Smaller trees in colder climates (C) Large trees in temperate climates (D) Smaller trees in temperate climates ANS : A 48.What is a potential disadvantage of the use of a tree wrap? (A) Protection against sunscald (B) Holds in moisture(C) Prevents against drying (D) Provides proper airflow ANS : B 49.What is the most appropriate approach to the amount of pruning to be completed for newly planted trees? (A) Only limbs that are broken or damaged (B) Up to 1/3 of branches on a regular basis (C) At least half of branches on a periodic basis (D) Pruning is not recommended for younger plantings ANS : A 50.Eye screws used to install guy wires on larger trees may be left in place in which of the following situations? (A) If not able to be removed with the guy wires (B) Only a maximum of two eye screws may be left in place (C) Must be left in place (D) Must always be removed ANS : A 51.What term below is universally acknowledged in standards as denoting a

mandatory requirement? (A) Ought to (B) May (C) Should (D) Shall ANS : D 52.What personal protective equipment is specifically required only for the use of chainsaws? (A) Hard hat (B) Protective face shield (C) Heavy work boots (D) Leg chaps ANS : D 53.What is the preferred retreat path for a felling tree operation? (A) 45-degrees off the opposite fell path (B) 45-degrees off the fell path

(C) 90-degrees off the opposite fell path (D) 90-degrees off the fell path ANS : A 54.What level of contact is acceptable when working near electrical lines? (A) Direct (B) Indirect (C) Direct with electrified lines only (D) No level of contact is acceptable ANS : D 55.According to OSHA standards, what is the minimum working clearance to any overhead lines if the voltage is less than 50 kV? (A) 5' (B) 10' (C) 15' (D) 25' ANS : B 56.What class of rubber Insulating Protective Equipment (IPE) is rated for use of an AC voltage up to 36 kV? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 ANS : D 57.What portion of a chainsaw will potentially cause a kickback if contacted by an object? (A) Lower portion of base (B) Upper portion of base (C) Lower portion of tip D) Upper portion of tip ANS : D 58.What is the minimum hinge angular dimension for properly felling a tree? (A) 45° (B) 60° (C) 70° (D) 90° ANS : C 59.What is a disadvantage of 3-strand type rope? (A) Cost (B) Ability to run through a pully (C) Ability to elongate

(D) Tendency to twist ANS : D 60.What safety factor is typically used for arborist rigging? (A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 15 ANS : B 61.What hazard is a specific concern related to the removal of palm trees? (A) Wet ground (B) Reduced sunlight (C) Sloughing (D) Brittle failure ANS : C 62.What is the first step in urgent care procedures? (A) Begin CPR if necessary (B) Assess the safety of the surroundings (C) Check for a pulse (D) Check for breathing ANS : B

63.A tree that splits during a backcut in an upward direction is which of the following? (A) Hinge cut (B) Humboldt notch (C) Internal fault (D) Barber chair ANS : D 64.What is the most commonly appropriate length of a hinge? (A) 50% of the tree diameter (B) 80% of the tree diameter (C) 10% of the tree height (D) 100% of the tree diameter ANS : B 65.The correct location for a backcut on a conventional notch shall be: (A) Even with the apex of the notch (B) Above the apex of the notch (C) Below the apex of the notch (D) Even with the top of the notch ANS : B 66.A rope has a tensile limit of 15,000 lbs. What is the working load limit for a safety factor of 10? (A) 1,500 lbs. (B) 5,000 lbs. (C) 7,800 lbs. (D) 10,000 lbs. ANS : A 67.What knot type is not commonly used as a climbing hitch? (A) Tautline (B) Figure 8 (C) Blake's hitch (D) All of the above ANS : C 68.Which of the following is a false statement regarding the use of snaps for securing

the climbing line? (A) Snaps are not permitted in all countries (B) May be self-closing or assisted closing (C) Must be compatible with the D-ring specific to the attachment (D) Required to have double closing action ANS : B 69.What is the minimum required tensile strength in the United States for carabiners? (A) 1,000 lbs. (B) 2,500 lbs. (C) 5,000 lbs. (D) 10,000 lbs. ANS : C 70.What rope type has the highest amount of elongation when loaded? (A) Polypropylene (B) Polyester (C) HMPE (D) LCP ANS : A

71.What rope type has a core that can share the load with the outer cover? (A) 3-strand (B) Double braids (C) 12-strand (D) 16-strand ANS : B 72.What statement below is true regarding the relationship between the mag- nitude of loading and a rope's fatigue life? (A) A higher load decreases the number of cycles to failure (B) A higher load increases the number of cycles to failure (C) The number of cycles to failure is a fixed number regardless of load magnitude (D) The number of cycles to failure may decrease but not increase due to load magnitude ANS : A 73.What knot type is commonly used for securing equipment to a tree? (A) Timber hitch (B) Sheet bend (C) Prusik hitch (D) Tautline hitch ANS : A 74.What climbing technique uses a Prusik loop to increase safety? (A) Footlocking (B) Body-thrust (C) Single rope technique (D) Mechanical ascending devices ANS : A 75.What climbing equipment is permitted only for use on trees which are to be removed? (A) Climbing line (B) Spurs (C) Ladders

(D) Mechanical ascending devices ANS : B 76.What is the minimum recommended main branch diameter for a tie-off point? (A) 2" (B) 3" (C) 4" (D) 6" ANS : C 77.What rigging technique has a high anticipated shock-loading? (A) Butt-hitching (B) Running bowline (C) Through natural crotch (D) Use of a drop zone ANS : A 78.The most common recommended cut type for the removal of limbs is which of the following? (A) Snap cut (B) Drop cut

(C) Hinge cut (D) Vertical cut ANS : B 79.When making a snap cut, the second cut is located: (A) Opposite and even with the first cut (B) At the base of the limb (C) Opposite and below the first cut (D) Opposite and above the first cut ANS : D 80.For a rope that is 3D4" in diameter, what is the minimum recommended pully diameter? (A) 1" (B) 2" (C) 3" (D) 6" ANS : C 81.Carabiners shall not be loaded in which of the following orientations? (A) Sideways (B) Against the gate (C) Along the minor axis (D) All of the above ANS : D 82.What type of meristems produce cells which increase the diameter of the tree? (A) Primary (B) Secondary (C) Residual (D) Pith ANS : B 83.What species of tree listed below is not classified as ring porous? (A) Oak (B) Elm (C) Ash (D) Maple ANS : D

84.What tissue produced by the cambium is closer to the outer portion of the tree? (A) Phloem (B) Cork cells (C) Xylem (D) Cortex ANS : A 85.What is not one of the main functions of the xylem? (A) Storage of carbohydrates (B) Support of the tree's self-weight (C) Defense against disease and decay (D) Moving of carbohydrates ANS : D 86.The dominant bud which is most active on the branch or twig is called: (A) Lateral (B) Axillary (C) Terminal (D) Adventitious ANS : C

87.What type of tree will form an abscission zone as necessary? (A) Evergreen (B) Deciduous (C) Palm (D) None of the above ANS : B 88.Vertical roots formed to increase the anchorage of the system are known as: (A) Tap root (B) Root crown (C) Sinker root (D) Lateral root ANS : C 89.What element is released as a part of the process of photosynthesis? (A) O (B) H2O (C) C (D) CO2 ANS : A 90.According to the Shigo CODIT model, what wall of defense is not included in the reaction zone? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 ANS : D 91.Biologically, palms are similar to which of the following? (A) Grass (B) Flowers (C) Animals

(D) Oak ANS : A 92.At what depth in the soil are the majority of the roots for palm trees? (A) 1 to 6 inches (B) 6 to 12 inches (C) 12 to 18 inches (D) 18 to 24 inches ANS : C 93.The preferred location of a thinning pruning cut in general is: (A) To the inside of the branch collar (B) To the outside of the branch collar (C) Halfway between the collar and tip (D) At the branch bark ridge ANS : B 94.What is not a common characteristic of codominant stems? (A) No branch bark ridge

(B) No branch protection zone (C) No presence of included bark (D) No branch collar ANS : C 95.A tree is damaged heavily in a storm and only a few branches are remain- ing. What is most likely the appropriate pruning cut to try to save the tree? (A) Reduction (B) Heading (C) Three-cut (D) Thinning ANS : B 96.What is not a detrimental effect as a result of topping? (A) Shock (B) Slowed new growth (C) Weakened limbs (D) Increased chance for disease ANS : B 97.What is not an advantage of structural pruning? (A) Decreased chance of codominant stems (B) Removal of defects (C) Less maintenance (D) Reduced equipment ANS : D 98.When selecting the permanent branch which of the following parameters shall apply? (A) It shall be the lowest branch (B) It shall be selected based on tree function (C) It shall be less than half the diameter of the trunk (D) All of the above ANS : D

99.What is the maximum recommended percentage of removal for a canopy per year? (A) 10% (B) 25% (C) 35% (D) 50% ANS : B

100. What component of a branch attachment has the ability to chemically prevent the spread of decay? (A) Branch collar (B) Branch bark (C) Stem (D) Branch protection zone ANS : D
101. What type of mature tree pruning is specifically done to provide a better view past the tree? (A) Vista pruning (B) Crown thinning

(C) Crown reduction (D) Lion tailing ANS : A

102. Healthy fonds on palm trees shall not be removed if they are less than what angle to the stem? (A) 45o (B) 90o (C) 120o (D) 180o ANS : B
103. A tree can be defined as decurrent when: (A) New lateral shoots outgrow the original terminal shoots (B) Terminal shoots are longer than expected(C) Narrow tree crown(D) Strong apical con- trol ANS : A
104. What is not a primary function of tree roots? (A) Conduction (B) Absorption (C) Anchorage (D) Defense ANS : D
105. The removal of an excessive amount of inner lateral branches causing a poor distribution of foliage is: (A) Lion tailing(B) Crown reduction (C) Pollarding(D) Espalier ANS : A
106. Fungi can be beneficial to a tree, despite using the tree for food, by aiding in what root function? (A) Storage(B) Anchorage (C) Absorption (D) Conduction ANS : C
107. What is the relationship that must exist between production rates of photosynthesis and respiration? (A) Respiration > Photosynthesis (B) Respiration < Photosynthesis (C) Respiration = Photosynthesis (D) The tree can survive at any level of relationship ANS : B
108. Water movement within the tree between different aged cells is what type of transport? (A) Axial(B) Longitudinal (C) Osmosis(D) Radial ANS : D

109. What wound dressing has been proven to increase the rate of repair? (A) Tar (B) Paint (C) Petroleum solvent (D) None of the above ANS : D
110. What type of cuts are done initially when using pollarding as a pruning technique for young trees? (A) Internodal (B) Outernodal (C) Auxiliary (D) Dominant ANS : A
111. Sterilization of pruning tools is necessary when: (A) Disease exists in the tree