ISA Utility Specialist (Chapters 1-7): 436 Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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ISA UTILITY SPECIALIST (CHAPTERS 1- 7 ) 436 QUESTIONS WITH 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED AND UPDATED In the U.S., enforcement of safety work rules resides with: - ANSWER - >Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Utility pruning is the pruning of trees located in the vicinity of power lines for the purpose of __________ __________ __________. - ANSWER - >ensuring reliable service A comprehensive vegetation management program should be __________ rather than reactive, & based on principals of __________ vegetation management. - ANSWER - >proactive; integrated What is a volt? - ANSWER - >a unit of electrical force Major storms or __________ weather events are the usual cause of power outages over large areas. - ANSWER

• catastrophic

Without __________, messages can have multiple meanings. - ANSWER - >context ISA BMPs provide a practical guide for implementing __________ __________. - ANSWER - >industry standards Electrical resistance determines how much __________ is required to move electricity along a conductor and is measured in __________. - ANSWER - >energy; ohms When communicating, a person's experience & __________ will influence how the person reacts. - ANSWER - >perceptions Crew mobilization for a storm event is much more rapid from a __________ status. - ANSWER - >standby NERC standards are specific to what line voltages? - ANSWER - >200 kV & above An important first step in any vegetation management program should be to asses system conditions, which is often done through an __________. - ANSWER -

inventory

Which type of cuts are less unacceptable? - ANSWER -

internodal cuts (e.g. topping) A worker neglecting to wear cut-resistant chaps while operating a chainsaw is committing an unsafe __________, while an employer failing to provide chaps is creating an unsafe __________. - ANSWER - >act; condition A conductor carrying more than __________ volts would be considered a NERC line. - ANSWER - >200, Communication is both verbal & nonverbal. When a customer is confronted with contradictory information, the person will usually believe the __________ message.

• ANSWER - >nonverbal Voluntary safety standards for pruning, trimming, repairing, maintaining & removing trees, & cutting brush:
• ANSWER - >ANSI Z NERC standards require the reporting of all tree caused outages by __________ categories - ANSWER - >three

A traditional cycle will schedule maintenance __________ trees grow into conductors. - ANSWER -

before Which type of cuts are more acceptable? - ANSWER - nodal cuts (e.g. drop-crotch, thinning) The __________-__________ rule suggests that workers should take time before starting a job to check for potentially unsafe conditions & discuss them. - ANSWER - two-minute According to ANSI Z133, the minimum approach distance for persons other than qualified line-clearance arborists for 50 kV & less is __________. - ANSWER - >10 feet Trees growing into contact with a single-phase distribution conductor pose __________ threat of a tree- ground fault. - ANSWER - >little Where should the final cut be made for proper utility pruning? - ANSWER - >just outside of the branch bark ridge and the branch collar

A vegetation management scheduling unit may be an entire __________ or a __________ __________. - ANSWER - >circuit; geographical area 2 examples of protective equipment: - ANSWER - >circuit breakers lightning receptors On a storm site, cutting should not begin until all risks have been assessed & the __________ approach has been decided & adopted. - ANSWER - >safest Actively __________ can facilitate understanding a customer's perceptions and demonstrate the utility representative's sincere interest in a customer. - ANSWER - >listening As clearance work progresses, __________ between crews & dispatcher is critically important to determine locations of downed or damaged lines. - ANSWER -

communication __________ negotiation uses the best aspects from both hard & soft bargaining. - ANSWER - >interest-based

An energized wire or conductor in a circuit is also known as a __________. - ANSWER - >phase Fast-growing, problem species are sometimes known as __________ __________. - ANSWER - >cycle busters Flush cuts damage which tissues? - ANSWER - >the trunk Clearing for a new distribution line is likely to be paid for by a __________ budget. - ANSWER - >capital Surface temperatures at the point of contact with high voltage can reach __________ degrees F. - ANSWER -

1, __________ __________ occurs when someone touches an energized fixture. __________ __________ can occur when a person touches a conductive object that is in

contact with an energized fixture. - ANSWER - >direct contact; indirect contact A grid-based scheduling system is most likely to be used by highly __________ utilities. - ANSWER - >urbanized

Why is utility pruning done? - ANSWER - >to maintain safety and rights-of-way Reactive maintenance is often called __________. - ANSWER - >hotspotting True or False? Guy wires are intended to help support poles but may become unintentionally energized. - ANSWER - >true One of the highest personal risks in a storm is __________. - ANSWER - >fatigue When trying to negotiate mutually agreeable solutions & gain commitment based on customer interests, the focus should be on __________, no on specific individuals. - ANSWER - >issues A __________ is similar to a fuse or cutout, but it resets after a predetermined time period. - ANSWER - >re-closer Always consider that all lines are __________. - ANSWER

• energized

Tree replacement programs are an important aspect of many utility customer relations programs & focus on selecting: - ANSWER - >the right tree for the right place If a structurally weak tree were on or close to the utility right-of-way, __________ __________ & __________ would be considered targets. - ANSWER - >utility lines & equipment A challenge with grid-based scheduling is that circuits may traverse many grids, allowing for a variety of __________ __________. - ANSWER - >tree conditions The difference in voltage between two objects someone simultaneously touches: - ANSWER - >touch potential Which type of pruning encourages the growth of branches away from the wires? - ANSWER - >directional pruning Minimum working distances for qualified line-clearance arborists are specified in the __________ safety standard. - ANSWER - >ANSI Z

The sound of a running home generator should alert crews to the possibility of __________. - ANSWER -

backfeed Measuring customer satisfaction by the number of __________ received is a very reactive approach to customer relations. - ANSWER - >complaints Ideally, TGRs should be applied when a tree is actively growing & __________-__________ months before pruning takes place. - ANSWER - > 2 - 3 What is the maximum amount of foliage that should be removed in one growing season? - ANSWER - >25% (this is according to ANSI A300) The most expensive way to schedule work is: - ANSWER - hotspotting __________ __________ is the difference in voltage on the ground between two of a person's body parts near where electricity goes into the ground. - ANSWER - >step potential A energized human body, tree, or climbing rope are all examples or __________ contact - ANSWER - >indirect

A contractor is paid for each tree pruned or removed when contracted using a __________ __________ contract. - ANSWER - >unit price When is it acceptable to deviate from the pruning standards? - ANSWER - >during storm restoration Besides pruning, __________ & __________ treatments are often part of an integrated vegetation management program. - ANSWER - >mechanical & herbicide When installing underground conductors, __________ should be used in tree root protection zones. - ANSWER -

tunneling Crew members should always refer customer relations questions about the status of power restoration to: - ANSWER - >the utility The __________ has been adopted by most states & regulatory bodies throughout the U.S. as the recognized document providing safety provisions for those working with or near electric supply equipment. - ANSWER - NESC

(National Electrical Safety Code)

Customer relations are important during a storm response, but are necessarily a lower priority than: - ANSWER - >safety & power restoration Because most electrical lines are located on private property, utilities typically secure __________ to facilitate maintenance of their lines. - ANSWER -

easements The safety acronym S.T.A.R. is valuable for preventing errors, & stands for: - ANSWER - >Stop, Think, Act, Review Distribution transformers typically __________ primary circuit voltage for the end user. - ANSWER - >reduce Vegetation can be chemically controlled in a selective manner with either a selective __________, or a selective __________. - ANSWER - >herbicide; application True or False? There are no published safety data related specifically to utility arboriculture. - ANSWER - >true

Communication between vegetation managers, contractors, supervisors, & workers should be both __________ & __________. - ANSWER - >written & verbal Mowing often __________ woody stem count. - ANSWER

• increases Amp: - ANSWER - >the measure of electrical current

When responding to a storm emergency, the highest priority for crews should be to: - ANSWER - >work on the circuits feeding hospitals Because customers are well-informed & expect professionalism, a __________ __________ is the best utility representative to discuss line clearance with them.

• ANSWER - >utility arborist Service lines and secondary distribution lines usually carry voltage between __________-__________ volts. - ANSWER - > 120 - 240 Contract tree crew members can reduce customer concerns about utility work on their property by: - ANSWER - >dressing & conducting themselves professionally

When arriving on a storm site, the highest priority for the crew foreman is to: - ANSWER - >immediately identify & locate downed electrical lines Long-term planning is __________, while short-term planning is __________. - ANSWER - >strategic; tactical Which utility right-of-way herbicide application practice is most appropriate for brush control in areas with sensitive public relations issues? - ANSWER - >basal treatment In the U.S., pruning should be conducted according to __________ __________. - ANSWER - >ANSI A Of the following, which is an example of an unsafe act?

• Willful rule violation
• Maliciousness
• Human error - ANSWER - >all of them When a tree contacts one electrical conductor, it may cause a __________-to-__________ fault. - ANSWER -

phase-ground fault

Listening to & acknowledging the customer's concerns about tree work on their property is a good way to: - ANSWER - >establish a good customer-utility relationship Of the following conditions, which is most likely to fail & cause an electrical outage in a moderate storm?

• An open trunk cavity
• Codominant leaders with included bark
• Overhanging, live branches
• A decurrent tree form - ANSWER - >overhanging, live branches __________ are documents that describe, instruct, & direct work results. - ANSWER - >specifications Mobilizing crews for herbicide work is easiest when they utilize __________ __________. - ANSWER - >backpack sprayers Utility pruning removes the leaves and reduces a tree's __________ growth, but remaining __________ may grow more. - ANSWER - >overall; shoots The term accident is in disfavor because it implies that outcomes are due to __________ __________, & is

better referred to as an __________. - ANSWER - >bad luck; incident The three most common events for fatal incidents associated with tree work are: - ANSWER - >contact with objects/equipment (e.g. falling limbs), falls, & exposure to unsafe environment/substance (e.g. electric shock) Research has shown that trees are more likely to cause outages on __________-phase lines than on __________-phase lines. - ANSWER - >three; single Utility pruning is mainly conducted to provide __________ from power lines. - ANSWER - >clearance Preventing vegetation-caused outages receives highest priority on __________ __________. - ANSWER -

transmission circuits The minimum approach distance for non-qualified line clearance personnel from energized conductors 50 kV and less: - ANSWER - >10 feet

A revision of the ANSI Z133 standard intended to be the standard reference for those engaged in tree care work: - ANSWER - >ANSI Z133.1- 2000 An easement agreement typically gives a utility a __________ __________ & __________ on the property owned by another party. - ANSWER - >defined interest & use The condition that allows electricity to flow from one object to another is called: - ANSWER - >potential When significant work such as removals or herbicide use is to take place, __________ __________ is necessary. - ANSWER - >written authorization The time when crews return to normal working hours after being on-call or on 24-7 status: - ANSWER - >stand down A results-based strategy designed to target trees as close as possible to the time that they interfere with facilities is known as __________-__________-__________ management. - ANSWER - >just-in-time

What does the "I" stand for in IVM - ANSWER -

Integrated Which clause of the Occupational Safety & Health Act requires that employers to provide their employees with working conditions that are free of known dangers? - ANSWER - >General Duty clause Utility pruning should use __________ & __________ pruning principals - ANSWER - >natural & targeted Each worker is responsible for their own __________. - ANSWER - >safety For arboricultural operations in the U.S., the most important standard to follow when implementing a safety program is: - ANSWER - >ANSI Z A __________ __________ structure is a prioritized outline of job components that must be completed for a successful project outcome. - ANSWER - >work breakdown Crown reduction removes main branches to lower limbs no less than __________ the diameter of the original limb. - ANSWER - >1/

What brush factor best determines low volume foliar versus high volume foliar application appropriateness & selection? - ANSWER - >density What is a Watt? - ANSWER - >a measure of electrical power A tool used to determine the severity & likelihood of a risk: - ANSWER - >5 x 5 Matrix When you are communicating with a customer & are using "Active Listening", you show signs of __________, restate the customer's message to __________ __________, & temporarily suspend your __________. - ANSWER - >attention; check meaning; response A phase-to-phase fault occurs when there is contact between: - ANSWER - >two or more energized conductors When you're using the "Hard Bargaining" negotiation principle, you make __________, __________ concessions. - ANSWER - >small, incremental

__________ freezes solid when it hits the ground; __________ __________ remains in a liquid state until it freezes on contact. - ANSWER - >sleet; freezing rain When pruning near conductors, overhanging branches can be left in place, depending on __________ __________ & __________ __________. - ANSWER -

tree species & climate conditions True or False? Pellets, dormant stem, basal, & cut stubble are all herbicide applications that can be made during winter months. - ANSWER - >true For most utilities, vegetation management departments

are considered __________ __________ that do not generate income. - ANSWER - >cost centers Companies dedicated to workplace safety should have organized __________ __________. - ANSWER - >safety commitees ISA recommends that safety committees meet how often? - ANSWER - >monthly

Purchases of equipment or line construction are considered __________ expenses, whereas supply or salaries are considered __________ expenses. - ANSWER

• capital; operating A pruning cycle should be based on tree __________ __________. - ANSWER - >growth rates True or False? Herbicides are the best option to reclaim tall, overgrown or ignored urban brush areas. - ANSWER - >false If the coating on a weatherproofed conductor falls off, the conductor will often __________. - ANSWER - deteriorate The __________ __________ __________ is a systematic method for command, control, & coordination of emergency response. - ANSWER - >incident command system When you're using __________-__________ __________, you "focus on interests, not positions". - ANSWER - >interest-based negotiations

Most utilities, municipalities, & large tree contracting firms have designated storm processes & a designated __________ __________ __________ where conditions are monitored & decisions are made. - ANSWER -

emergency operations center Under Easement Law, the owner is entitled to certain rights that are necessary for the: - ANSWER - >full enjoyment of the easement True or False? IVM is a system of managing plant communities on rights-of-ways. - ANSWER - >true Time & material contracts are generally __________ risk factors for contractors & __________ risk for utilities. - ANSWER - >low; high The theory of incident prevention that considers most incidents to be caused by unsafe acts is called the __________-__________ theory. Pioneered by Herbert Heinrich - ANSWER - >behavior-based

__________ __________ __________ can be used to reduce growth and lengthen time between cycles. - ANSWER - >tree growth regulators Ohm's Law describes the relationship between: - ANSWER - >voltage, current, & resistance __________ __________ contracts are gaining popularity because the responsibility for productivity, work planning, & scheduling rests with the contractor. - ANSWER - >unit price Utilities will experience resistance to the performance of vegetation management work on a customer's property. This resistance is typically referred to as: - ANSWER - >an easement dispute Personnel from external organizations who travel to a storm area are generally paid the higher of either their __________ __________ rates or the established __________ __________ rates. - ANSWER - >home pay; local pay Manual methods for vegetation control will be done with... - ANSWER - >hand-used tools

Which pruning style is most effective in preventing regrowth when pruning hardwoods? - ANSWER - >crown reduction The __________ __________ is an illustration of Heinrich's principles of accident prevention. - ANSWER -

accident pyramid Effective public relations programs include timely communication of: - ANSWER - >Industry BMPs In the U.S., the National Hurricane Center track forecast cone is intended to predict the track of a storm with an accuracy rate of _____ percent. - ANSWER - >67% Formula for Ohm's Law: - ANSWER - >Volts = Amps x Resistance (V = I x R) What is required for the correct herbicide selection for use in water? - ANSWER - >an aquatic label True or False? Wound dressings in most situations are effective in reducing decay, accelerating wound closure & preventing disease penetration. - ANSWER - >false

wound dressings are not effective in most situations Depreciation can be either __________-__________, in which costs are spread out over a lifetime of an item, or __________, in which the amount of depreciation taken is higher immediately after the purchase of an item. - ANSWER - >straight-line; accelerated When is it okay to use wound dressings? - ANSWER -

when such treatments are known to be effective (e.g. pruning oaks when/where they are susceptible to oak wilt) Sprout growth following pruning usually comes from __________ __________. - ANSWER - >adventitious buds These days, __________ __________ require more IVM efforts, focus & successful approaches. - ANSWER - transmission ROWs Exchange of information that achieves desired results: - ANSWER - >successful communication McClenahan described unsafe act & close calls as a safety program's __________ __________, & serious injuries or

fatalities as __________ __________. - ANSWER -

leading indicators (bottom of safety pyramid); lagging indicators (top of safety pyramid) Removal of __________ following a storm is typically the responsibility of the customer. - ANSWER - >brush

True or False? All of the following are approaches to work planning:

• Cycle-based
• Results-based
• Crisis management - ANSWER - >true Formula for power: - ANSWER - >Power = Volts x Current (P = V x I) Internal & external __________ is key to a successful IVM program. - ANSWER - >communication Clearance for decurrent hardwoods growing directly under conductors is best obtained by __________ __________. - ANSWER - >crown reduction SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool & an acronym, meaning: - ANSWER - >Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats