ISA Utility Specialist (Chapters 1-7) Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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In the U.S., enforcement of safety work rules resides with: - ANSWER

Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Utility pruning is the pruning of trees located in the vicinity of power lines for the purpose of __________ __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> ensuring reliable service A comprehensive vegetation management program should be __________ rather than reactive, & based on principals of __________ vegetation management. - ANSWER >>> proactive; integrated What is a volt? - ANSWER >>> a unit of electrical force Major storms or __________ weather events are the usual cause of power outages over large areas. - ANSWER >>> catastrophic Without __________, messages can have multiple meanings. - ANSWER >>> context ISA BMPs provide a practical guide for implementing __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> industry standards Electrical resistance determines how much __________ is required to move electricity along a conductor and is measured in __________. - ANSWER >>> energy; ohms When communicating, a person's experience & __________ will influence how the person reacts. - ANSWER >>> perceptions

Crew mobilization for a storm event is much more rapid from a __________ status. - ANSWER >>> standby NERC standards are specific to what line voltages? - ANSWER >>> 200 kV & above An important first step in any vegetation management program should be to asses system conditions, which is often done through an __________. - ANSWER >>> inventory Which type of cuts are less unacceptable? - ANSWER >>> internodal cuts (e.g. topping) A worker neglecting to wear cut-resistant chaps while operating a chainsaw is committing an unsafe __________, while an employer failing to provide chaps is creating an unsafe __________. - ANSWER >>> act; condition A conductor carrying more than __________ volts would be considered a NERC line. - ANSWER >>> 200, Communication is both verbal & nonverbal. When a customer is confronted with contradictory information, the person will usually believe the __________ message. - ANSWER >>> nonverbal Voluntary safety standards for pruning, trimming, repairing, maintaining & removing trees, & cutting brush: - ANSWER >>> ANSI Z NERC standards require the reporting of all tree caused outages by __________ categories - ANSWER >>> three A traditional cycle will schedule maintenance __________ trees grow into conductors. - ANSWER >>> before

Which type of cuts are more acceptable? - ANSWER >>> nodal cuts (e.g. drop-crotch, thinning) The __________-__________ rule suggests that workers should take time before starting a job to check for potentially unsafe conditions & discuss them. - ANSWER >>> two-minute According to ANSI Z133, the minimum approach distance for persons other than qualified line-clearance arborists for 50 kV & less is __________. - ANSWER >>> 10 feet Trees growing into contact with a single-phase distribution conductor pose __________ threat of a tree-ground fault. - ANSWER >>> little Where should the final cut be made for proper utility pruning? - ANSWER >>> just outside of the branch bark ridge and the branch collar A vegetation management scheduling unit may be an entire __________ or a __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> circuit; geographical area 2 examples of protective equipment: - ANSWER >>> circuit breakers lightning receptors On a storm site, cutting should not begin until all risks have been assessed & the __________ approach has been decided & adopted. - ANSWER >>> safest Actively __________ can facilitate understanding a customer's perceptions and demonstrate the utility representative's sincere interest in a customer. - ANSWER >>> listening As clearance work progresses, __________ between crews & dispatcher is critically important to determine locations of downed or damaged lines. - ANSWER >>> communication

__________ negotiation uses the best aspects from both hard & soft bargaining. - ANSWER >>> interest-based An energized wire or conductor in a circuit is also known as a __________. - ANSWER >>> phase Fast-growing, problem species are sometimes known as __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> cycle busters Flush cuts damage which tissues? - ANSWER >>> the trunk Clearing for a new distribution line is likely to be paid for by a __________ budget. - ANSWER >>> capital Surface temperatures at the point of contact with high voltage can reach __________ degrees F. - ANSWER >>> 1, __________ __________ occurs when someone touches an energized fixture. __________ __________ can occur when a person touches a conductive object that is in contact with an energized fixture. - ANSWER >>> direct contact; indirect contact A grid-based scheduling system is most likely to be used by highly __________ utilities. - ANSWER >>> urbanized Why is utility pruning done? - ANSWER >>> to maintain safety and rights-of-way Reactive maintenance is often called __________. - ANSWER >>> hotspotting True or False? Guy wires are intended to help support poles but may become unintentionally energized. - ANSWER >>> true

One of the highest personal risks in a storm is __________. - ANSWER >>> fatigue When trying to negotiate mutually agreeable solutions & gain commitment based on customer interests, the focus should be on __________, no on specific individuals. - ANSWER >>> issues A __________ is similar to a fuse or cutout, but it resets after a predetermined time period. - ANSWER >>> re-closer Always consider that all lines are __________. - ANSWER >>> energized Tree replacement programs are an important aspect of many utility customer relations programs & focus on selecting: - ANSWER >>> the right tree for the right place If a structurally weak tree were on or close to the utility right-of-way, __________ __________ & __________ would be considered targets. - ANSWER >>> utility lines & equipment A challenge with grid-based scheduling is that circuits may traverse many grids, allowing for a variety of __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> tree conditions The difference in voltage between two objects someone simultaneously touches: - ANSWER >>> touch potential Which type of pruning encourages the growth of branches away from the wires? - ANSWER >>> directional pruning Minimum working distances for qualified line-clearance arborists are specified in the __________ safety standard. - ANSWER >>> ANSI Z The sound of a running home generator should alert crews to the possibility of __________. - ANSWER >>> backfeed

Measuring customer satisfaction by the number of __________ received is a very reactive approach to customer relations. - ANSWER >>> complaints Ideally, TGRs should be applied when a tree is actively growing & __________-__________ months before pruning takes place. - ANSWER >>> 2- 3 What is the maximum amount of foliage that should be removed in one growing season? - ANSWER >>> 25% (this is according to ANSI A300) The most expensive way to schedule work is: - ANSWER >>> hotspotting __________ __________ is the difference in voltage on the ground between two of a person's body parts near where electricity goes into the ground. - ANSWER >>> step potential A energized human body, tree, or climbing rope are all examples or __________ contact - ANSWER >>> indirect A contractor is paid for each tree pruned or removed when contracted using a __________ __________ contract. - ANSWER >>> unit price When is it acceptable to deviate from the pruning standards? - ANSWER >>> during storm restoration Besides pruning, __________ & __________ treatments are often part of an integrated vegetation management program. - ANSWER

mechanical & herbicide When installing underground conductors, __________ should be used in tree root protection zones. - ANSWER >>> tunneling

Crew members should always refer customer relations questions about the status of power restoration to: - ANSWER >>> the utility The __________ has been adopted by most states & regulatory bodies throughout the U.S. as the recognized document providing safety provisions for those working with or near electric supply equipment. - ANSWER >>> NESC (National Electrical Safety Code) Customer relations are important during a storm response, but are necessarily a lower priority than: - ANSWER >>> safety & power restoration Because most electrical lines are located on private property, utilities typically secure __________ to facilitate maintenance of their lines. - ANSWER >>> easements The safety acronym S.T.A.R. is valuable for preventing errors, & stands for: - ANSWER >>> Stop, Think, Act, Review Distribution transformers typically __________ primary circuit voltage for the end user. - ANSWER >>> reduce Vegetation can be chemically controlled in a selective manner with either a selective __________, or a selective __________. - ANSWER >>> herbicide; application True or False? There are no published safety data related specifically to utility arboriculture. - ANSWER >>> true Communication between vegetation managers, contractors, supervisors, & workers should be both __________ & __________. - ANSWER >>> written & verbal

Mowing often __________ woody stem count. - ANSWER >>> increases Amp: - ANSWER >>> the measure of electrical current When responding to a storm emergency, the highest priority for crews should be to: - ANSWER >>> work on the circuits feeding hospitals Because customers are well-informed & expect professionalism, a __________ __________ is the best utility representative to discuss line clearance with them. - ANSWER >>> utility arborist Service lines and secondary distribution lines usually carry voltage between __________-__________ volts. - ANSWER >>> 120- 240 Contract tree crew members can reduce customer concerns about utility work on their property by: - ANSWER >>> dressing & conducting themselves professionally When arriving on a storm site, the highest priority for the crew foreman is to: - ANSWER >>> immediately identify & locate downed electrical lines Long-term planning is __________, while short-term planning is __________. - ANSWER >>> strategic; tactical Which utility right-of-way herbicide application practice is most appropriate for brush control in areas with sensitive public relations issues? - ANSWER >>> basal treatment In the U.S., pruning should be conducted according to __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> ANSI A Of the following, which is an example of an unsafe act?

• Willful rule violation
• Maliciousness

• Human error - ANSWER >>> all of them When a tree contacts one electrical conductor, it may cause a __________-to-__________ fault. - ANSWER >>> phase-ground fault Listening to & acknowledging the customer's concerns about tree work on their property is a good way to: - ANSWER >>> establish a good customer-utility relationship Of the following conditions, which is most likely to fail & cause an electrical outage in a moderate storm?
• An open trunk cavity
• Codominant leaders with included bark
• Overhanging, live branches
• A decurrent tree form - ANSWER >>> overhanging, live branches __________ are documents that describe, instruct, & direct work results. - ANSWER >>> specifications Mobilizing crews for herbicide work is easiest when they utilize __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> backpack sprayers Utility pruning removes the leaves and reduces a tree's __________ growth, but remaining __________ may grow more. - ANSWER >>> overall; shoots The term accident is in disfavor because it implies that outcomes are due to __________ __________, & is better referred to as an __________. - ANSWER >>> bad luck; incident The three most common events for fatal incidents associated with tree work are: - ANSWER >>> contact with objects/equipment (e.g. falling limbs), falls, & exposure to unsafe environment/substance (e.g. electric shock)

Research has shown that trees are more likely to cause outages on __________-phase lines than on __________-phase lines. - ANSWER >>> three; single Utility pruning is mainly conducted to provide __________ from power lines. - ANSWER >>> clearance Preventing vegetation-caused outages receives highest priority on __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> transmission circuits The minimum approach distance for non-qualified line clearance personnel from energized conductors 50 kV and less: - ANSWER

10 feet A revision of the ANSI Z133 standard intended to be the standard reference for those engaged in tree care work: - ANSWER >>> ANSI Z133.1- 2000 An easement agreement typically gives a utility a __________ __________ & __________ on the property owned by another party. - backpack sprayers Utility pruning removes the leaves and reduces a tree's __________ growth, but remaining __________ may grow more. - ANSWER >>> overall; shoots The term accident is in disfavor because it implies that outcomes are due to __________ __________, & is better referred to as an __________. - ANSWER >>> bad luck; incident The three most common events for fatal incidents associated with tree work are: - ANSWER >>> contact with objects/equipment (e.g. falling limbs), falls, & exposure to unsafe environment/substance (e.g. electric shock) Research has shown that trees are more likely to cause outages on __________-phase lines than on __________-phase lines. - ANSWER >>> three; single Utility pruning is mainly conducted to provide __________ from power lines. - ANSWER >>> clearance Preventing vegetation-caused outages receives highest priority on __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> transmission circuits The minimum approach distance for non-qualified line clearance personnel from energized conductors 50 kV and less: - ANSWER >>> 10 feet A revision of the ANSI Z133 standard intended to be the standard reference for those engaged in tree care work: - ANSWER >>> ANSI Z133.1- 2000 An easement agreement typically gives a utility a __________ __________ & __________ on the property owned by another party. - ANSWER >>> defined interest & use The condition that allows electricity to flow from one object to another is called: - ANSWER >>> potential When significant work such as removals or herbicide use is to take place, __________ __________ is necessary. - ANSWER >>> written authorization The time when crews return to normal working hours after being on- call or on 24-7 status: - ANSWER >>> stand down A results-based strategy designed to target trees as close as possible to the time that they interfere with facilities is known as __________- __________-__________ management. - ANSWER >>> just-in-time

What does the "I" stand for in IVM - ANSWER >>> Integrated Which clause of the Occupational Safety & Health Act requires that employers to provide their employees with working conditions that are free of known dangers? - ANSWER >>> General Duty clause Utility pruning should use __________ & __________ pruning principals - ANSWER >>> natural & targeted Each worker is responsible for their own __________. - ANSWER

safety For arboricultural operations in the U.S., the most important standard to follow when implementing a safety program is: - ANSWER >>> ANSI Z A __________ __________ structure is a prioritized outline of job components that must be completed for a successful project outcome.

• ANSWER >>> work breakdown Crown reduction removes main branches to lower limbs no less than __________ the diameter of the original limb. - ANSWER >>> 1/ What brush factor best determines low volume foliar versus high volume foliar application appropriateness & selection? - ANSWER

density What is a Watt? - ANSWER >>> a measure of electrical power A tool used to determine the severity & likelihood of a risk: - ANSWER >>> 5 x 5 Matrix When you are communicating with a customer & are using "Active Listening", you show signs of __________, restate the customer's message to __________ __________, & temporarily suspend your __________. - ANSWER >>> attention;

check meaning; response A phase-to-phase fault occurs when there is contact between: - ANSWER >>> two or more energized conductors When you're using the "Hard Bargaining" negotiation principle, you make __________, __________ concessions. - ANSWER >>> small, incremental __________ freezes solid when it hits the ground; __________ __________ remains in a liquid state until it freezes on contact. - ANSWER >>> sleet; freezing rain When pruning near conductors, overhanging branches can be left in place, depending on __________ __________ & __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> tree species & climate conditions True or False? Pellets, dormant stem, basal, & cut stubble are all herbicide applications that can be made during winter months. - ANSWER >>> true For most utilities, vegetation management departments are considered __________ __________ that do not generate income. - ANSWER >>> cost centers Companies dedicated to workplace safety should have organized __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> safety commitees ISA recommends that safety committees meet how often? - ANSWER

monthly Purchases of equipment or line construction are considered __________ expenses, whereas supply or salaries are considered __________ expenses. - ANSWER >>> capital;

operating A pruning cycle should be based on tree __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> growth rates True or False? Herbicides are the best option to reclaim tall, overgrown or ignored urban brush areas. - ANSWER >>> false If the coating on a weatherproofed conductor falls off, the conductor will often __________. - ANSWER >>> deteriorate The __________ __________ __________ is a systematic method for command, control, & coordination of emergency response. - ANSWER >>> incident command system When you're using __________-__________ __________, you "focus on interests, not positions". - ANSWER >>> interest-based negotiations Most utilities, municipalities, & large tree contracting firms have designated storm processes & a designated __________ __________ __________ where conditions are monitored & decisions are made. - ANSWER >>> emergency operations center Under Easement Law, the owner is entitled to certain rights that are necessary for the: - ANSWER >>> full enjoyment of the easement True or False? IVM is a system of managing plant communities on rights-of-ways. - ANSWER >>> true Time & material contracts are generally __________ risk factors for contractors & __________ risk for utilities. - ANSWER >>> low; high

The theory of incident prevention that considers most incidents to be caused by unsafe acts is called the __________-__________ theory. Pioneered by Herbert Heinrich - ANSWER >>> behavior-based __________ __________ __________ can be used to reduce growth and lengthen time between cycles. - ANSWER >>> tree growth regulators Ohm's Law describes the relationship between: - ANSWER >>> voltage, current, & resistance __________ __________ contracts are gaining popularity because the responsibility for productivity, work planning, & scheduling rests with the contractor. - ANSWER >>> unit price Utilities will experience resistance to the performance of vegetation management work on a customer's property. This resistance is typically referred to as: - ANSWER >>> an easement dispute Personnel from external organizations who travel to a storm area are generally paid the higher of either their __________ __________ rates or the established __________ __________ rates. - ANSWER

home pay; local pay Manual methods for vegetation control will be done with... - ANSWER hand-used tools Which pruning style is most effective in preventing regrowth when pruning hardwoods? - ANSWER >>> crown reduction The __________ __________ is an illustration of Heinrich's principles of accident prevention. - ANSWER >>> accident pyramid Effective public relations programs include timely communication of: - ANSWER >>> Industry BMPs

In the U.S., the National Hurricane Center track forecast cone is intended to predict the track of a storm with an accuracy rate of _____ percent. - ANSWER >>> 67% Formula for Ohm's Law: - ANSWER >>> Volts = Amps x Resistance (V = I x R) What is required for the correct herbicide selection for use in water? - ANSWER >>> an aquatic label True or False? Wound dressings in most situations are effective in reducing decay, accelerating wound closure & preventing disease penetration. - ANSWER >>> false wound dressings are not effective in most situations Depreciation can be either __________-__________, in which costs are spread out over a lifetime of an item, or __________, in which the amount of depreciation taken is higher immediately after the purchase of an item. - ANSWER >>> straight-line; accelerated When is it okay to use wound dressings? - ANSWER >>> when such treatments are known to be effective (e.g. pruning oaks when/where they are susceptible to oak wilt) Sprout growth following pruning usually comes from __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> adventitious buds These days, __________ __________ require more IVM efforts, focus & successful approaches. - ANSWER >>> transmission ROWs Exchange of information that achieves desired results: - ANSWER

successful communication McClenahan described unsafe act & close calls as a safety program's __________ __________, & serious injuries or fatalities as

__________ __________. - ANSWER >>> leading indicators (bottom of safety pyramid); lagging indicators (top of safety pyramid) Removal of __________ following a storm is typically the responsibility of the customer. - ANSWER >>> brush True or False? All of the following are approaches to work planning:

• Cycle-based
• Results-based
• Crisis management - ANSWER >>> true Formula for power: - ANSWER >>> Power = Volts x Current (P = V x I) Internal & external __________ is key to a successful IVM program. - ANSWER >>> communication Clearance for decurrent hardwoods growing directly under conductors is best obtained by __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> crown reduction SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool & an acronym, meaning: - ANSWER >>> Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats The theory that considers workplace injuries to be caused by /a/ number of contributing factors, rather than /the/ number of contributing factors: - ANSWER >>> multiple causation theory A __________ is another name for a generating plant, and is the source of most power in the U.S. The most common sources for this power are __________ __________, __________ or __________ turbines, & __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> powerhouse; fossil fuels, wind or water turbines, & nuclear reactors

A safety __________-__________ is a proactive measure in which all operations are brought to a halt until relevant safety information can be provided to response workers. - ANSWER >>> stand-down Information sent to landowners of the intention of a utility to undertake line clearance work on their trees: - ANSWER >>> notification Relative to the cost of routine maintenance, reactive maintenance can cost __________ times as much. - ANSWER >>> five Organizations such as electric utilities may declare an __________ independent of official government declarations. - ANSWER >>> emergency Tree-caused physical damage to conductors, electrical equipment, and/or supporting structures is an example of a __________ failure. - ANSWER >>> mechanical A measure of the performance of a utility in terms of the length of time customers are off line as a result of a service interruption - ANSWER

customer minutes lost (CML) Excurrent trees: - ANSWER >>> one main leader (e.g. pines, spruce) A __________-__________ organization is a group that takes a systematic approach to safety, recognizing that humans are imperfect & that errors have to be considered in the context of the system in which they occurred. - ANSWER >>> high-reliability Formula for Customer Minutes Lost (CML): - ANSWER >>> length of interruptions in minutes X number of customers off line The process of exchange of views & offers in order to reach an agreement: - ANSWER >>> negotiation

What are the three parts to the constraint triangle? - ANSWER >>> time, cost, & scope When assessing the risk of a falling object, which is more important: weight or height? - ANSWER >>> height Decurrent trees: - ANSWER >>> multiple leaders (e.g. hardwoods) The most common type of wire used today is an aluminum wire with a steel reinforced core. This wire is known as: - ANSWER >>> ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel-core Reinforced) Enhanced Fujita ratings are based on __________ __________ following a storm. - ANSWER >>> observed damage A measure of the number of interruptions that occur on a utility's system - ANSWER >>> system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) Restating or paraphrasing a message & suspending a response in order to discern the message: - ANSWER >>> active listening With respect to personnel management, what is the most common reason that people leave jobs? - ANSWER >>> treatment from supervisors Heavy, wet snows have a snow-to-water equivalent that is: - ANSWER >>> 10:1 or less Voltage Ranges: Extra-high transmission lines: __________-__________ volts Transmission lines: __________-__________ volts Subtransmission lines: __________-__________ volts Distribution lines: __________-__________ volts - ANSWER >>> 345,000-765,000 volts 115,000-230,000 volts

23,000-115,000 volts 2,400-23,000 volts What height is considered to be the approximate death threshold? - ANSWER >>> 40 ft a single- or multiple-blade arrangement that rotates horizontally & cuts or shreds vegetation - ANSWER >>> rotary cutting head A method of negotiation whereby one party takes a position and will not give way on part of it even if this action disadvantages the other party: - ANSWER >>> hard bargaining On the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, a storm must be at least which category to be considered major? - ANSWER >>> 3 Death from electric shock is known as: - ANSWER >>> electrocution Type of preventative maintenance that uses field data to diagnose & monitor a condition or system. - ANSWER >>> predictive maintenance (aka on-condition maintenance) The voltage between the feet of a person standing near an energized, grounded object: - ANSWER >>> step-potential A method of applying herbicides or TGRs to trees through the soil by excavating a shallow trench in the soil around the base of the trunk & pouring the compound into the trench - ANSWER >>> soil drench A method of negotiation in which one party concedes to many positions, even to their own disadvantage, on order to accommodate the other party: - ANSWER >>> soft bargaining Soil removed during trenching should be stored where? - ANSWER

on the side of the trench that is away from the tree

Contact with only __________ milliamps can make a person unable to release their grip. __________ milliamps can cause respiratory paralysis. __________ milliamps can cause ventricular fibrillation, leading to death. - ANSWER >>> 16; 20; 100 Governments sometimes mandate clearance distances, maintenance intervals, inspection intervals, or require available resources to be focused on: - ANSWER >>> the worst-performing circuits (in terms of VM) A standardized method for improving the overall effectiveness of emergency response is known as the __________ command system.

• ANSWER >>> incident Vegetation that has recently been mowed & before regrowth - ANSWER >>> cut stubble A process of negotiation whereby both parties concede some ground to reach a mutually acceptable solution: - ANSWER >>> interest- based negotiation __________ amps may cause cardiac arrest & organ damage, & __________-__________ amps will likely kill outright. High voltage contact usually kills outright regardless of amperage. - ANSWER >>> 2; 15 - 20 Utility pruning should be performed at intervals that minimize the need for __________ responses, but not so frequently that costs exceed benefits. - ANSWER >>> reactive Circuits that carry the highest voltage to other parts of the distribution network are called: - ANSWER >>> primary circuits

Advantages of providing temporary accommodations for a large-scale disaster response: - ANSWER >>> - Oversight

• Economies of scale
• Communication A method of applying herbicides or TGRs to trees through the soil via injection directly into the root zone - ANSWER >>> soil injection The voluntary standards adopted by most states & public utility commissions as a practical means of safeguarding persons during the installation, operation, or maintenance of electric supply & communication lines & associated equipment: - ANSWER >>> National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) An excellent example of electrical safety standards is: - ANSWER

Z133 American National Standard for Arboricultural Operations - Safety Requirements It's more effective to base maintenance cycles on __________ __________ rather than fixed distances. - ANSWER >>> growth rates __________ lines come off of primary circuits, but don't extend directly to a customer's property. - ANSWER >>> secondary True or False? Coniferous trees that have frequent, heavy snows are better adapted to snow loading than such trees in areas where snow is rare. - ANSWER >>> true A term used to describe the brown appearance of dead foliage following the application of herbicide - ANSWER >>> brownout Regulations that address & specify minimum clearance distances to be maintained between vegetation & conductors & also address issues pertaining to flammable liquids, hazardous materials storage,

explosives, & new construction & building operations: - ANSWER >>> Uniform Fire Code (UFC) __________ __________ __________ serve as a barrier between workers & electric hazards. - ANSWER >>> minimum approach distances Process where trees growing significantly faster than most other trees are pruned at approximately half the scheduled maintenance cycle length: - ANSWER >>> mid-cycle pruning A device that can store energy & is used to either boost voltage or provide power factor correction: - ANSWER >>> capacitor The collective efforts to assist in the restoration of utility services is known as __________ __________. The process of repairing damage & restoring service after a storm is known as __________ __________. - ANSWER >>> storm response; storm recovery Machines designed to cut vegetation by means of a moving blade, chain, or other cutting device - ANSWER >>> flail-type cutter Two classifications of arborists that work inside 10-foot minimum approach distances: - ANSWER >>> incidental & qualified Regulations that address & specify minimum clearance distances & also address proper planning, construction techniques, defensible space, vegetation control, & land uses; developed by the International Fire Code Institute: - ANSWER >>> Urban-Wildland Interface Code (UWIC) Crisis management is an indicator of chronic __________. - ANSWER >>> underfunding

A model for the production of reaction zones - ANSWER >>> Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees (CODIT) The potential between live conductors or between live & nuetral conductors is known as __________-to-__________ potential. - ANSWER >>> phase-to-phase A method to minimize tree-caused outage by conducting a detailed analysis of the system, vegetation conditions, outage history, infrastructure, etc. & identifying a range of preventable maintenance that have the potential to provide greater reliability & cost efficiency than just pruning/removing vegetation - ANSWER >>> reliability- centered management (RCM) __________ line clearance applies when an electric hazard exists but work is not being done for the utility. __________ line clearance applies to being in proximity to electric hazards on behalf of the utility.

• ANSWER >>> incidental; qualified The rights that provide the utility the privilege of installing & maintaining its facilities in public roadways: - ANSWER >>> franchise rights Completing all necessary line clearance on a feeder or circuit basis: - ANSWER >>> circuit work Disaster Management Cycle: - ANSWER >>> Planning>Response>Recovery/Lessons Learned>Mitigation>process starts over What is a phase? - ANSWER >>> an energized wire The most commonly used Tree growth regulators (TGRs) work by inhibiting the production of __________. - ANSWER >>> gibberellin

An individual who is familiar with the equipment & hazards in line clearance & has demonstrated the ability to perform the techniques involved: - ANSWER >>> qualified line-clearance arborist The length of a branch or trunk to be considered when evaluating the combination of forces that could lead to failure: - ANSWER >>> lever arm Most utilities list __________ __________ as a reason for maintaining vegetation, but customers often underestimate the risk. - ANSWER

public safety Protective equipment is designed to shield the system from: - ANSWER >>> faults, short circuits, & current surges A concept in project management that shows the interrelation of the resources of time, cost, & scope; often depicted by the constraint triangle: - ANSWER >>> triple constraint __________ transmits laser pulses toward a target, records the time it takes to return to sensors, & translates the results into a virtual image of the right-of-way; it stands for: - ANSWER >>> LiDAR; Light Detection and Ranging A large area of low atmospheric pressure, characterized by inward-

spiraling winds: - ANSWER >>> cyclone What is the first thing to do when you find a tree or tree part on the line? - ANSWER >>> contact the utility control center People with an interest or concern in an organization & its decisions are known as: - ANSWER >>> stakeholders The effect that causes cyclones to rotate clockwise in the Southern hemisphere & counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere: - ANSWER >>> Coriolis force

Project management stratification of the entire scope of work need to accomplish a project's objectives: - ANSWER >>> work breakdown structure The potential between live conductors & the ground is known as __________-to-__________ potential. - ANSWER >>> phase-to- ground __________ __________ is the management of vegetation by establishing & conserving compatible, stable plant communities using natural competition, animals, insects, or pathogens. - ANSWER >>> biological control If you find a tree leaning on a line, stay at least __________ ft away. - ANSWER >>> 35 Because of high turnover among contractors who perform VM, safety & basic job skill training tends to have a higher priority than __________ training. - ANSWER >>> communications In project management, the longest period of time a series of tasks requires from project beginning to end: - ANSWER >>> critical path __________ __________ are designed to redirect electrical surges to the ground instead of allowing them to continue down the circuit. - ANSWER >>> lightning arrestors Mixing of chemicals should be done with a buffer of at least __________ ft from a body of water or wetland. - ANSWER >>> 100 ft __________ __________ provide defense against inadvertent re- energization. - ANSWER >>> protective grounds A tropical cyclone with wind speeds 74 mph or greater: - ANSWER

hurricane