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ISSA FINAL 200 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED PASS BRAND NEW 2025
For a skinfold body composition assessment, what sites are used for the three-site body density method for females? - ANSWER - >Triceps, suprailiac, thigh The PACER test is a fitness assessment used for what special population? - ANSWER - >Youth What is the term for blood circulation within the heart and lungs? - ANSWER -
Pulmonary circulation What does the S in SMART goals stand for? - ANSWER - >specific Which term describes movement toward the midline of the body? - ANSWER - Adduction According to the CDC, what is the definition of sanitizing? - ANSWER - >Cleaning and killing germs on surfaces to bring the microbe level to an acceptable range According to the American Heart Association, what is considered a 'normal' blood pressure? - ANSWER - >110/80 mm Hg What is the definition of quickness as it relates to the element of reactive training? - ANSWER - >The ability to react and change body position with maximum rate of force production What is the condition of low blood pressure measuring 90/60 mm Hg or less? - ANSWER - >Hypotension Which principle of fitness states that a training program must be specific for an individual's goals and desired adaptations? - ANSWER - >Principle of specificity
In the OARS model for behavior change, recapping the plan of action is part of which technique? - ANSWER - >Summarizing According to the CDC, what is the definition of cleaning? - ANSWER - >Removing dirt and impurities from a surface with a detergent and water Which body composition measurement utilizes calipers? - ANSWER - >Skinfold measurements Which client form allows clients to understand and accept any and all risks associated with beginning an exercise program? - ANSWER - >Liability waiver When attracting new clients, which of the following is the most effective way for a trainer to find new prospects? - ANSWER - >Hire an advertising firm Which of the following is a common site to measure the pulse in humans? - ANSWER - >Radial artery Which advanced training technique is described as completing one set of an exercise until failure before immediately lowering the weight and continuing the set until failure again? - ANSWER - >Drop sets Which estimated maximum heart rate formula is used for clients with high blood pressure? - ANSWER - > 162 - (0.7 x age) Which relatively common chronic health condition is characterized by bronchial spasms that make it difficult to breathe effectively? - ANSWER - >Asthma Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)? - ANSWER - >Eccentric Which type of neuron sends information from the central nervous system to the muscles to generate movement? - ANSWER - >Efferent neuron
SMART goal intentions, monitoring, and feedback are all part of what process? - ANSWER - >Goal setting What hormone can the ergogenic aid caffeine help to stimulate? - ANSWER -
Epinephrine What training intensity is required during the working rounds in high-intensity interval training (HIIT)? - ANSWER - >85 percent or more of V02 max As it relates to the GAS Principle, what is the post-training period when the trained function has a higher performance capacity than prior to the training period? - ANSWER - >Supercompensation What is the definition of hypertrophy? - ANSWER - >An increase in muscular size A movement that keeps the distal end of the body segment fixed in one location describes what type of kinetic chain movement? - ANSWER - >Closed kinetic chain movement A ketogenic diet limits the intake of which macronutrient? - ANSWER - > Carbohydrates What type of motivation is driven by a reward, prize, or recognition? - ANSWER - Extrinsic motivation Which of the following is equipment with a constant resistance? - ANSWER - > Dumbbell What term is described as the volume of blood the left ventricle pushes out in a single heartbeat? - ANSWER - >Stroke volume Which of the following is a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease? - ANSWER - >High blood pressure
When using email marketing, what is the ideal weekly email frequency for marketing and communicating with clients? - ANSWER - >Two to three per week Which of the following is a primary function of the cardiorespiratory system during exercise? - ANSWER - >Improvement of muscular coordination What type of training periodization progresses from low intensity to high intensity across a macrocycle? - ANSWER - >Linear periodization Which of the following emergency situations requires a fitness professional to call 911 immediately? - ANSWER - >Heavy bleeding What type of nonverbal communication are speech components like tone, pitch, facial expressions, and hesitation noises? - ANSWER - >Paralanguage Where in the cell do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur? - ANSWER - >Mitochondria When considering exercise order, what should be a priority before completing accessory exercises? - ANSWER - >A cooldown Which strength curve most accurately represents a biceps curl exercise? - ANSWER - >Bell-shaped strength curve What medical emergency can occur when there is too much insulin in the body? - ANSWER - >Insulin shock What is the ideal height of the step or platform used during the step test assessment? - ANSWER - >24 inches Which kinetic chain checkpoint should be observed carefully because it controls the movement of the lower extremities? - ANSWER - >The knee In the alveoli of the lungs, air crosses into and out of the capillaries by what process? - ANSWER - >Diffusion
During exercise, the average human's breathing rate increases to what range and varies based on exercise intensity? - ANSWER - >50 to 60 breaths per minute Which type of flexibility is most beneficial when performed during a cooldown or on a rest day? - ANSWER - >Static stretching What type of goal is focused on the end result? - ANSWER - >Outcome goal What type of client assessment is the squat or overhead squat assessment? - ANSWER - >Dynamic movement assessment For the training adaptation of maximum strength, what is the recommended number of repetitions per set? - ANSWER - >1 to 6 repetitions Which endocrine hormone promotes the release of glucose from the liver and into the bloodstream? - ANSWER - >Glucagon The principle of progressive overload states that the body must encounter what type of stress to drive adaptation? - ANSWER - >Stress that is greater than what is normally encountered Which of the following is true regarding an emergency exit plan? - ANSWER - >It clearly labels all exit and entry doors, stairwells, and elevators What type of muscular assessment is the bench press test? - ANSWER - >Muscular strength assessment Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and soreness? - ANSWER - >Exhaustion What are the primary joints involved in a squat movement pattern? - ANSWER -
Hip, knee, ankle Which of the following is a common fitness assessment used for senior fitness clients? - ANSWER - > 30 - second chair stand
What type of resistance training equipment has a fixed range of motion? - ANSWER - >Weight machines What type of goal is based on measurable and quantifiable data? - ANSWER -
Objective goal What calculation estimates the primary macronutrient the body uses for energy at a given point in time? - ANSWER - >Catabolic quotient What type of diabetes only affects pregnant women? - ANSWER - >Gestational diabetes Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for "fight-or-flight"? - ANSWER
Sympathetic nervous system Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate? - ANSWER - Whole grain bread Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movement like exercise? - ANSWER - >Somatic nervous system Which energy pathway produces the greatest amount of ATP? - ANSWER - > Oxidative energy pathway Which amino acid is the most abundant in the body? - ANSWER - >Glutamine What is the daily fiber intake recommendation for the average male? - ANSWER - 38 grams per day Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways? - ANSWER - >Type I muscle fibers How soon after stopping a training program can muscle atrophy occur? - ANSWER
2 weeks
What is the primary goal of Motivational Interviewing? - ANSWER - >To help someone uncover their personal motivations Which of the following is included in the axial skeleton? - ANSWER - >Skull Under the scope of practice for a Certified Personal Trainer, which of the following situations can a fitness professional help a client with? - ANSWER - > Exercise programming Approximately what portion of the body's total water is intracellular? - ANSWER -
2/3 of the body's total water Which digestive organ is responsible for the storage of fat-soluble vitamins and blood filtration and detoxification? - ANSWER - >Liver How many vertebrae are present in the thoracic portion of a human spine? - ANSWER - > 12 Which of the following is an effect of short-term cortisol elevation in the body? - ANSWER - >reduces inflammation/ Increases blood pressure What resistance training style is a combination of partial repetitions and isometric holds? - ANSWER - >Functional isometrics The adaptation of muscular endurance generally requires how much rest between sets of exercise? - ANSWER - >30 to 60 seconds What type of supplement can improve exercise performance and capacity? - ANSWER - >Botanical supplement During pulmonary circulation, which heart valve does blood pass through first? - ANSWER - >Tricuspid valve
Which of the following best describes the muscular endurance component of fitness? - ANSWER - >The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to continuously exert force against resistance over time What is the primary muscle involved in pulmonary ventilation? - ANSWER - > Diaphragm What intensity (percent of 1RM) is most closely associated with the training adaptation of muscle hypertrophy? - ANSWER - > 67 to 85 percent of 1RM What stage of change is someone in if they are sustaining a new, healthy behavior for more than six months? - ANSWER - >Maintenance Which flexibility technique may be assisted by or utilizes a stretching tool like a towel or stretching strap? - ANSWER - >Pre-contraction stretching What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the pectoralis major muscle? - ANSWER - >Convergent muscle What type of resistance training scheme requires the completion of two exercises back-to-back followed by a short rest? - ANSWER - >Supersets What is the Karvonen formula used to calculate? - ANSWER - >Target heart rate Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for the body in most cases?
- ANSWER - >Carbohydrate What type of nonverbal communication involves gestures and body movements?
- ANSWER - >Body language What information does the Client Intake Form gather? - ANSWER - >Previous exercise experience, nutrition, and health conditions
What does the anatomical term caudal mean? - ANSWER - >Relating to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot What is the name of the heart valves located between the atria and ventricles that keep blood moving in only one direction? - ANSWER - >Mitral valves Which category of nutrients is required in large quantities in the diet to support function and energy production? - ANSWER - >Macronutrients What class of hormones is released by the adrenal glands during times of stress? - ANSWER - >Catecholamines Which type of muscle is the primary muscle tissue found in human organs? - ANSWER - >Smooth muscle Which of the following training repetitions and tempos would have the greatest time under tension (TUT)? - ANSWER - >3 repetitions at 10:0:10: What type of supplement can elevate heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure? - ANSWER - >Herbal supplement Which of the following is a common observation during the squat assessment? - ANSWER Excessive forward lean What should a client with an arthritic condition avoid doing before an exercise session? - ANSWER - >Taking pain medications Which classification of neurons communicates tactile, auditory, and visual information? - ANSWER - >Sensory neurons Which digestive organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions? - ANSWER -
Pancreas
According to the modified Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) chart, what intensity equates to deep and forceful breathing that makes it difficult or uncomfortable to speak during cardiorespiratory exercise? - ANSWER - >RPE 10 According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following should be limited in the diet to promote optimal health? - ANSWER - >Added sugar Which type of blood cells make up approximately 40 percent of blood volume? - ANSWER - >Red blood cells What psychological theory suggests that people are motivated by the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness? - ANSWER - >Self-Determination Theory (SDT) What is the process of breaking triglycerides down into fatty acids to be converted to acetyl-CoA during aerobic metabolism called? - ANSWER -
Betaoxidation Which condition related to diabetes is described as elevated blood glucose, but not within the range for a diabetes diagnosis? - ANSWER - >Type 2 diabetes What type of assessments are based on repeatable, measurable data? - ANSWER - Objective assessments Which of the following is considered an incomplete protein? - ANSWER - >Peas Which heart structure is known as the pacemaker of the heart and initiates contraction of the right atrium? - ANSWER - >Sinoatrial (SA) node What is considered a normal body mass index (BMI)? - ANSWER - >18.5 to 24. For the average adult, what percentage of the diet should be carbohydrates? - ANSWER - >45 to 65 percent of daily calories Which of the following is a category covered in a standard code of ethics? - ANSWER - >Confidentiality
What are the building blocks of protein? - ANSWER - >Amino acids What is the prime mover at the hip during a hip hinge? - ANSWER - >Erector spinaev Which endocrine hormone promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood by target tissues? - ANSWER - >Insulin Lactic acid has been found to have many functions in the body, including which of the following? - ANSWER - >It can promote the metabolism of glucose and glycogen over fats for faster energy production What is the name for glucose that is stored in the body? - ANSWER - >Glycogen How frequently should flexibility training be incorporated in a fitness routine to enhance an individual's flexibility? - ANSWER - >A minimum of three days a week What is a split routine as it relates to resistance training? - ANSWER - >The division of training sessions by body part or body region Which molecule is the "energy currency" of the cell? - ANSWER - >Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Which of the following is a benefit of static stretching after an exercise session? - ANSWER Reduces muscle soreness What percentage of maximum heart rate is represented in Zone 3 cardiorespiratory intensity? - ANSWER - >71 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate What type of resistance exercises engage multiple joints and many muscle groups throughout the range of motion? - ANSWER - >Compound exercises Which region of the body is the most common location for a sprain? - ANSWER -
Ankle
The Stages of Change are known as what psychological model? - ANSWER - >The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) What is an exercise regression? - ANSWER - >Modifications to acute training variables that decrease the challenge of a movement pattern What is the definition of muscular power? - ANSWER - >The amount of force exerted by a muscle or group of muscles in a given amount of time In what plane of motion does elbow flexion occur? - ANSWER - >Sagittal Which of the following exercises offer the most dynamic balance challenge for a client? - ANSWER - >Step up to balance on a BOSU According to the size principle of motor recruitment, in what order will muscle fibers be recruited during activity? - ANSWER - >Smallest and slowest firing rate to largest and fastest firing rate Which personal trainer best practice includes staying within the scope of practice and establishing boundaries with clients? - ANSWER - >Maintaining appropriate relationship boundaries Which psychological need in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is described as the basic need to feel effective and capable in one's actions? - ANSWER - > Autonomy Which two macronutrients are the most preferred sources of energy in the body?
- ANSWER - >Carbohydrate and fat The process of glycolysis is the breakdown of what molecule in the body? - ANSWER - >Glucose Which of the following is the first step in a balance training progression? - ANSWER - >Balance pad: two legs
