ISSA FINAL EXAM LATEST 2023-2024 with QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%correct answer, Exams of Nursing

Download ISSA FINAL EXAM LATEST 2023-2024 with QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%correct answer and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ISSA FINAL EXAM LATEST 2023-2024 with QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%correct answers) / ISSA FINAL EXAM LATEST 2022-2024 For a skinfold body composition assessment, what sites are used for the three-site body density method for females? - ANSWER Triceps, suprailiac, thigh The PACER test is a fitness assessment used for what special population? - ANSWER Youth What is the term for blood circulation within the heart and lungs? - ANSWER Pulmonary circulation What does the S in SMART goals stand for? - ANSWER specific Which term describes movement toward the midline of the body? - ANSWER Adduction According to the CDC, what is the definition of sanitizing? - ANSWER Cleaning and killing germs on surfaces to bring the microbe level to an acceptable range According to the American Heart Association, what is considered a 'normal' blood pressure? - ANSWER 110/80 mm Hg What is the definition of quickness as it relates to the element of reactive training? - ANSWER The ability to react and change body position with maximum rate of force production What is the condition of low blood pressure measuring 90/60 mm Hg or less? - ANSWER Hypotension Which principle of fitness states that a training program must be specific for an individual's goals and desired adaptations? - ANSWER Principle of specificity In the OARS model for behavior change, recapping the plan of action is part of which technique? - ANSWER Summarizing According to the CDC, what is the definition of cleaning? - ANSWER Removing dirt and impurities from a surface with a detergent and water Which body composition measurement utilizes calipers? - ANSWER Skinfold measurements Which client form allows clients to understand and accept any and all risks associated with beginning an exercise program? - ANSWER Liability waiver When attracting new clients, which of the following is the most effective way for a trainer to find new prospects? - ANSWER Hire an advertising firm Which of the following is a common site to measure the pulse in humans? - ANSWER Radial artery Which advanced training technique is described as completing one set of an exercise until failure before immediately lowering the weight and continuing the set until failure again? - ANSWER Drop sets Which estimated maximum heart rate formula is used for clients with high blood pressure? - ANSWER 162 - (0.7 x age) Which relatively common chronic health condition is characterized by bronchial spasms that make it difficult to breathe effectively? - ANSWER Asthma Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)? - ANSWER Eccentric Which type of neuron sends information from the central nervous system to the muscles to generate movement? - ANSWER Efferent neuron What is the average bodyfat percentage for females? - ANSWER 25 to 31 percent What type of training periodization progresses from low intensity to high intensity across a macrocycle? - ANSWER Linear periodization Which of the following emergency situations requires a fitness professional to call 911 immediately? - ANSWER Heavy bleeding What type of nonverbal communication are speech components like tone, pitch, facial expressions, and hesitation noises? - ANSWER Paralanguage Where in the cell do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur? - ANSWER Mitochondria When considering exercise order, what should be a priority before completing accessory exercises? - ANSWER A cooldown Which strength curve most accurately represents a biceps curl exercise? - ANSWER Bell-shaped strength curve What medical emergency can occur when there is too much insulin in the body? - ANSWER Insulin shock What is the ideal height of the step or platform used during the step test assessment? - ANSWER 24 inches Which kinetic chain checkpoint should be observed carefully because it controls the movement of the lower extremities? - ANSWER The knee In the alveoli of the lungs, air crosses into and out of the capillaries by what process? - ANSWER Diffusion What term is described as the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible? - ANSWER Vital capacity Which acute training variable accounts for the total time a muscle is engaged during a set of exercise? - ANSWER Time under tension Which organ is the largest lymphatic organ in the body? - ANSWER The spleen What type of resistance exercises mimic the natural movements of the body, such as walking? - ANSWER Explosive exercises What does the acronym FITT in the FITT principle stand for? - ANSWER Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type Which type of muscle is the most common in the human body? - ANSWER Smooth muscle What is the average vital capacity of the lungs in humans? - ANSWER 3000 to 5000 mL Which type of lipoprotein is known as the 'bad' lipoprotein? - ANSWER Low- density lipoprotein (LDL) Which of the following is a benefit of small group training? - ANSWER Reduces the cost per participant Which style of personal training pairs two clients together during a workout? - ANSWER Buddy training The adaptation of power generally requires how much rest between sets of exercise? - ANSWER 1 to 2 minutes Which of the following is a physiological difference between children and adults? - ANSWER Children have smaller airways and more soft tissue than adults During exercise, the average human's breathing rate increases to what range and varies based on exercise intensity? - ANSWER 50 to 60 breaths per minute Which type of flexibility is most beneficial when performed during a cooldown or on a rest day? - ANSWER Static stretching What type of goal is focused on the end result? - ANSWER Outcome goal What type of client assessment is the squat or overhead squat assessment? - ANSWER Dynamic movement assessment For the training adaptation of maximum strength, what is the recommended number of repetitions per set? - ANSWER 1 to 6 repetitions Which endocrine hormone promotes the release of glucose from the liver and into the bloodstream? - ANSWER Glucagon The principle of progressive overload states that the body must encounter what type of stress to drive adaptation? - ANSWER Stress that is greater than what is normally encountered Which of the following is true regarding an emergency exit plan? - ANSWER It clearly labels all exit and entry doors, stairwells, and elevators What type of muscular assessment is the bench press test? - ANSWER Muscular strength assessment Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is characterized by fatigue, weakness, and soreness? - ANSWER Exhaustion What are the primary joints involved in a squat movement pattern? - ANSWER Hip, knee, ankle Which of the following is a common fitness assessment used for senior fitness clients? - ANSWER 30-second chair stand What type of resistance training equipment has a fixed range of motion? - ANSWER Weight machines What type of goal is based on measurable and quantifiable data? - ANSWER Objective goal What calculation estimates the primary macronutrient the body uses for energy at a given point in time? - ANSWER Catabolic quotient Which digestive organ is responsible for the storage of fat-soluble vitamins and blood filtration and detoxification? - ANSWER Liver How many vertebrae are present in the thoracic portion of a human spine? - ANSWER 12 Which of the following is an effect of short-term cortisol elevation in the body? - ANSWER reduces inflammation/ Increases blood pressure What resistance training style is a combination of partial repetitions and isometric holds? - ANSWER Functional isometrics The adaptation of muscular endurance generally requires how much rest between sets of exercise? - ANSWER 30 to 60 seconds What type of supplement can improve exercise performance and capacity? - ANSWER Botanical supplement During pulmonary circulation, which heart valve does blood pass through first? - ANSWER Tricuspid valve Which of the following best describes the muscular endurance component of fitness? - ANSWER The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to continuously exert force against resistance over time What is the primary muscle involved in pulmonary ventilation? - ANSWER Diaphragm What intensity (percent of 1RM) is most closely associated with the training adaptation of muscle hypertrophy? - ANSWER 67 to 85 percent of 1RM What stage of change is someone in if they are sustaining a new, healthy behavior for more than six months? - ANSWER Maintenance Which flexibility technique may be assisted by or utilizes a stretching tool like a towel or stretching strap? - ANSWER Pre-contraction stretching What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the pectoralis major muscle? - ANSWER Convergent muscle What type of resistance training scheme requires the completion of two exercises back-to-back followed by a short rest? - ANSWER Supersets What is the Karvonen formula used to calculate? - ANSWER Target heart rate Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for the body in most cases? - ANSWER Carbohydrate What type of nonverbal communication involves gestures and body movements? - ANSWER Body language What information does the Client Intake Form gather? - ANSWER Previous exercise experience, nutrition, and health conditions What type of reactive exercises involve the repeated maximum stretching and contracting of muscles in the shortest amount of time? - ANSWER Plyometric training When a trainer is walking the gym floor, what should they be proactively doing or looking for? - ANSWER Trip hazards and dirty or broken equipment Which of the following is a risk factor for developing hypertension? - ANSWER Having diabetes Which energy pathway is dominant when the body is at rest or during low- intensity, long-duration activity? - ANSWER Oxidative energy pathway What is the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for? - ANSWER Receiving sensory input and organizing, analyzing, and processing neural information Which body region should be avoided during myofascial release techniques? - ANSWER Lumbar spine In email marketing, what is a relationship email? - ANSWER An email used to engage with clients and prospects and build rapport What type of email communication reaches out to former clients and older prospects and encourages a reply? - ANSWER Reengagement email Which glands of the endocrine system produce and release substances through ducts or openings on the body's surfaces? - ANSWER Exocrine glands Which spinal deviation is characterized by an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine and anterior pelvic tilt? - ANSWER Lordosis What range on the glycemic index (GI) corresponds to a high glycemic impact food? - ANSWER 70 and above What does the anatomical term caudal mean? - ANSWER Relating to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot What is the name of the heart valves located between the atria and ventricles that keep blood moving in only one direction? - ANSWER Mitral valves Which category of nutrients is required in large quantities in the diet to support function and energy production? - ANSWER Macronutrients What class of hormones is released by the adrenal glands during times of stress? - ANSWER Catecholamines Which type of muscle is the primary muscle tissue found in human organs? - ANSWER Smooth muscle Which of the following training repetitions and tempos would have the greatest time under tension (TUT)? - ANSWER 3 repetitions at 10:0:10:0 What type of supplement can elevate heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure? - ANSWER Herbal supplement Which type of bone protects internal organs and provides a large surface area for muscles to attach? - ANSWER Flat bone What is "synergistic dominance?" - ANSWER When a synergist (helper) muscle takes over a movement pattern because the prime mover is weak or inhibited Which element of fitness requires sensory input from the eyes, ears, and proprioceptors? - ANSWER Balance training What are the building blocks of protein? - ANSWER Amino acids What is the prime mover at the hip during a hip hinge? - ANSWER Erector spinaev Which endocrine hormone promotes the uptake of glucose from the blood by target tissues? - ANSWER Insulin Lactic acid has been found to have many functions in the body, including which of the following? - ANSWER It can promote the metabolism of glucose and glycogen over fats for faster energy production What is the name for glucose that is stored in the body? - ANSWER Glycogen How frequently should flexibility training be incorporated in a fitness routine to enhance an individual's flexibility? - ANSWER A minimum of three days a week What is a split routine as it relates to resistance training? - ANSWER The division of training sessions by body part or body region Which molecule is the "energy currency" of the cell? - ANSWER Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Which of the following is a benefit of static stretching after an exercise session? - ANSWER Reduces muscle soreness What percentage of maximum heart rate is represented in Zone 3 cardiorespiratory intensity? - ANSWER 71 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate What type of resistance exercises engage multiple joints and many muscle groups throughout the range of motion? - ANSWER Compound exercises Which region of the body is the most common location for a sprain? - ANSWER Ankle The Stages of Change are known as what psychological model? - ANSWER The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) What is an exercise regression? - ANSWER Modifications to acute training variables that decrease the challenge of a movement pattern What is the definition of muscular power? - ANSWER The amount of force exerted by a muscle or group of muscles in a given amount of time In what plane of motion does elbow flexion occur? - ANSWER Sagittal Which of the following exercises offer the most dynamic balance challenge for a client? - ANSWER Step up to balance on a BOSU According to the size principle of motor recruitment, in what order will muscle fibers be recruited during activity? - ANSWER Smallest and slowest firing rate to largest and fastest firing rate Which personal trainer best practice includes staying within the scope of practice and establishing boundaries with clients? - ANSWER Maintaining appropriate relationship boundaries Which psychological need in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is described as the basic need to feel effective and capable in one's actions? - ANSWER Autonomy Which two macronutrients are the most preferred sources of energy in the body? - ANSWER Carbohydrate and fat The process of glycolysis is the breakdown of what molecule in the body? - ANSWER Glucose Which of the following is the first step in a balance training progression? - ANSWER Balance pad: two legs Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes? - ANSWER Ethnicity What type of exercise is ideal for a client who is new to strength training and learning new movement patterns? - ANSWER Bodyweight exercises What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the soleus muscle? - ANSWER Bipennate muscle Pain and stiffness, fatigue, anxiety, depression, headaches, and memory problems are possible symptoms for which arthritis-related chronic health condition? - ANSWER Fibromyalgia Type, frequency, time, and rest are examples of what aspect of fitness? - ANSWER Acute training variables During cardiorespiratory training, how can the acute training variable of rest be manipulated to increase training intensity? - ANSWER Maintain rest until resting heart rate is achieved