ISSA Personal Trainer questions with correct answers graded A+ already passed, Exams of Biology

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ISSA Personal Trainer questions with correct

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94 Billion Dollars - Correct answer-How much the fitness industry brought in 2019 Training Effect - Correct answer-A change in the body that occurs as a result of exercise training Cartilage - Correct answer-Firm, flexible connective tissue that pads and protects joints and structuralcomponents of the body.

HyperTension - Correct answer-High blood pressure, higher than 140/ Joint - Correct answer-An articulation between two bones in the body. Tendons - Correct answer-Strong, fibrous cords made of collagen that attach muscle to bone. Metabolism - Correct answer-Chemical processes within the body that convert food into energy. Diabetes - Correct answer-A condition characterized by an elevated level of glucose in the blood.

Ligaments - Correct answer-Short bands of tough but flexible fibrous connective tissue connecting twobones or cartilages or holding together a joint.

Behavior - Correct answer-An action that can be observed, measured, and modified. Type 2 Diabetes - Correct answer-A long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high bloodsugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL (TTM) - Correct answer-A behavior change model focused on the stages ofchange, the process of changing behavior, self-efficacy, and the decision balance.

Pre-Contemplation - Correct answer-In denial, or ignorant, that a change is necessary, possible, or worththe effort within the next six months.

Contemplation - Correct answer-Contemplate making a change in the next six months but reluctant tocommit.

Preparation - Correct answer-Committed to make a change in the next six months but reluctant tocommit.

Action - Correct answer-Engaged in change behavior for less than six months; new behavior is not fullystabilized.

Maintenance - Correct answer-Sustaining their new, healthy behavior for more than six months. Experiential processes - Correct answer-Influence behavior indirectly by focusing on the thoughts,perceptions, or feelings that an individual might have about the target behavior.

Behavioral processes - Correct answer-Focus on active strategies and influence behavior directly bymanipulating environmental, social, or situational cues to encourage the desired behavior.

SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY (SDT) - Correct answer-A general theory of human motivation thatsuggests a person is motivated to change by three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Autonomy - Correct answer-The need for self-governance and control over one's own behaviors. Competence - Correct answer-The need to feel effective and capable in one's own actions. Relatedness - Correct answer-The need to feel a sense of belonging and connection to others. Motivational Interviewing (MI) - Correct answer-a collaborative, client-focused method of guiding aclient toward a self-identified motivation for change

OARS Model for MI - Correct answer-A communication model for motivational interviewing thatincludes open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summarizing.

Rapport - Correct answer-A close, harmonious relationship in which all parties involved understand oneanother's feelings and communicate well.

Goal Setting - Correct answer-The process of identifying the client's ideal state, determining theircurrent state, and defining the actions that must be taken to close the gap.

Process Goal - Correct answer-A goal where the focus is on the process or action that will lead to thedesired end result.

Outcome Goal - Correct answer-A goal where the end result is a specific desired outcome. SMART Goals - Correct answer-Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely appendicular skeleton - Correct answer-bones of the shoulder girdle, pelvis, and upper and lowerextremities

Which human organ systems are responsible for human movement? - Correct answer-The NervousSystem, Muscular System, and Skeletal System

Which classification of neurons initiate muscle contraction and activate glands? - Correct answer-Motorneurons

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) responsible for? - Correct answer-Conveying motorcommands, carrying sensory information to the CNS, and regulating involuntary functions.

Where in the brain does most information processing occur? - Correct answer-Cerebral Cortex Which type of muscle is the most common in the human body? - Correct answer-Skeletal muscle Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways? - Correct answer-Type I muscle fibers

Which type of bone supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement? - Correct answer-Longbones

What does the Golgi tendon organ detect and respond to in the muscle? - Correct answer-Changes inmuscle tension.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are examples of what type ofligament? - Correct answer-Intrinsic ligaments

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Correct answer-the attempt to restore cardiac and pulmonaryfunction

Cardiopulmonary System - Correct answer-Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels, Trachea, Blowhole, Brochi, Lungs 2-3 Minutes - Correct answer-How long it takes the brain to start dying after blood flow interruption

4-6 Minutes - Correct answer-how long the brain can survive without oxygen 7-10% - Correct answer-Chances of survival, for every minute that goes by without CPR. CAB (compressions, airway, breathing) - Correct answer-Proper Order of CPR 7 Steps of CPR - Correct answer-1. Recognize the emergency

2. Call or send someone to call 9113. Check for breathing
3. Provide Chest Compressions5. Open their Airway
4. Mouth-to-Mouth breathing7. Repeat Chest Compressions and Breathing

heel - Correct answer-use this during compressions head tilt-chin lift maneuver - Correct answer-a technique used to open the airway of a patient with nosuspected neck or spine injury

How many rescue breaths should be administered in between chest compression cycles? - Correctanswer-

Compression Cycle - Correct answer-30 compressions, 2 breaths 5 and 5 Apporach - Correct answer-5 back blows and abdominal thrusts AED - Correct answer-automated external defibrillator used after CPR AED steps - Correct answer-1. turn it on;

2. remove clothing and other obstructions wipe chest dry;
3. place pads;4. Stand clear, no one touch victim
4. let it analyze6. deliver shock
5. Begin CPR The heart and blood vessels are the components of which human organ system? - Correct answer-TheCirculatory System

Blood vessels are comprised of which type of muscle tissue? - Correct answer-Smooth Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? - Correct answer-Arteries Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? - Correct answer-Right Atrium During the cardiac cycle, what is the name of the contraction phase of the heartbeat? - Correct answer-Systole

During exercise, which organ system regulates fluid volume and pressure in body tissues? - Correctanswer-The Lymphatic System

What is the process of external respiration? - Correct answer-The exchange of gases between the lungsand the blood in the lungs.

Which endocrine hormone promotes the breakdown of protein in muscle cells? - Correct answer-Cortisol

Which of the following is an effect of long-term cortisol elevation in the body? - Correct answer-Increased Appetite

Which component of the digestive system performs both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion? -Correct answer-The Mouth

What anatomical term is described as a position closer to the center of the body relative to a referencepoint? - Correct answer-Proximal

Which anatomical term refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts? -Correct answer-Extension

Which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right halves? - Correct answer-Sagittal Plane Which of the following joints should have more mobility? - Correct answer-Shoulder A medicine ball rolling across the floor is an example of what type of friction? - Correct answer-RollingFriction

Which of the following is a muscle of the shoulder? - Correct answer-Subscapularis Which three muscles make up the erector spinae group? - Correct answer-Spinalis, Longissimus, andIliocostalis

What is the muscle action of the rectus femoris? - Correct answer-Flexion of the hip and extension ofthe knee

What is the most superficial muscle of the posterior calf? - Correct answer-Gastrocnemius What is the largest muscle of the chest? - Correct answer-Pectoralis Major Where in the cell do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur? - Correct answer-Mitochondria

What two values are required to calculate the respiratory quotient (RQ)? - Correct answer-Volume ofCarbon Dioxide exhaled, and volume of oxygen inhaled

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates? - Correct answer-1. Which energy pathway is dominant for activity generally lasting 10 seconds to 2 minutes? - Correctanswer-Anaerobic Glycolysis

What is the primary by-product of anaerobic glycolysis? - Correct answer-Lactic Acid What is the point at which the body switches from metabolism requiring oxygen to primarily anaerobicmetabolism called? - Correct answer-Anaerobic threshold

The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain are steps in which energy pathway? - Correct answer-Oxidative Energy Pathway

How many Calories (Cal) per gram are in fat? - Correct answer-9 Cal The Harris-Benedict equation incorporates the resting metabolic rate and an activity level factor todetermine what metabolic information? - Correct answer-DCE - Daily Calorie Expenditure

What is the general recommendation for a daily calorie deficit for someone working to lose bodyfat? -Correct answer-200 to 500 Calories

What type of client assessments are based on observations and opinions? - Correct answer-SubjectiveAssessments

What document should a personal trainer collect from a client to show they are ready to begin anexercise program and explain any restrictions or limitations they have? - Correct answer-Physician's Letter of Clearance What does body composition measure? - Correct answer-Fat Mass and Lean Body Mass

What is the average bodyfat percentage for males? - Correct answer-17-25% What type of muscular assessment is the push-up test? - Correct answer-Muscular EnduranceAssessment

From bottom to top, what are the six kinetic chain checkpoints? - Correct answer-Foot and ankle, knee,hips, spine, shoulders, neck and head

Which spinal deviation is characterized by the excessive curvature of the thoracic spine? - Correctanswer-Kyphosis

What postural and movement deviation occurs when the knees excessively bow outward away from themidline? - Correct answer-Knee Varus

During the overhead squat assessment, which of the following muscle is likely underactive (weak) if theheels elevate? - Correct answer-Tibialis Anterior

During the squat or overhead squat assessment, which of the following muscles are likely overactive(tight) if knee valgus occurs? - Correct answer-Adductors

Which of the five components of fitness is described as the physical makeup of the body considering fatmass and lean mass? - Correct answer-Body Composition

Which of the following is a known benefit of improving muscular strength? - Correct answer-IncreasesBone Density

What type of warm-up is simple and aims to increase blood flow, respiration, body temperature, andneural activation of major muscle groups? - Correct answer-General Warmup

Which element of a fitness program trains the body to be explosive, fast, and agile? - Correct answer-Reactive Training

What is the definition of agility as it relates to the element of reactive training? - Correct answer-Theability to accelerate, decelerate, stabilize, and change direction with proper posture

What type of cardiorespiratory training is performed at a fixed level of exertion? - Correct answer-Steady-state exercise

Which of the following is a known benefit of interval training? - Correct answer-Strengthening of the leftventricle of the heart

Which of the following is a measure commonly used to determine the intensity of cardiorespiratoryexercise? - Correct answer-Rate of Perceived Exertion

Which of the following is an adaptation from plyometric exercise? - Correct answer-Increased MuscleSize

In fitness, what do acute training variables determine? - Correct answer-HOW an exercise or trainingprogram is performed.

Which acute training variable is the equipment, methods, or technique used to complete an activity? -Correct answer-Type

The load used for a resistance training exercise is most closely related to which actute training variable?- Correct answer-Intensity

A training intensity of 67 percent or less is most closely related to which training adaptation? - Correctanswer-Muscular Endurance

For the training adaptation of muscle hypertrophy, what is the recommended number of repetitions perset? - Correct answer-6-12 Reps

What does the "F" in the FITT Principle stand for? - Correct answer-Frequency

Which principle of fitness states that acute training variables must be changed periodically to preventplateaus, injuries, and boredom? - Correct answer-Principle of Variability

What is the final stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)? - Correct answer-Exhaustion Resistance training is included in which category of training? - Correct answer-Strength Training What condition is the result of the accumulation of stress from both training and non-training activitiesresulting in short-term decreases in performance? - Correct answer-Overreaching

Which of the following is a known benefit of flexibility training? - Correct answer-Decreased ChronicPain

What is dynamic stretching? - Correct answer-Movement-based active stretching where muscles engageto bring about a stretch

In a flexibility training protocol, which of the following should be executed after a training session? -Correct answer-Static or Pre-Contraction Stetching

What type of inhibition do myofascial release techniques rely on to decrease the excitability of muscletissue? - Correct answer-Autogenic Inhibition

Which type of stretching should mirror the movements that will be performed in an upcoming activity? -Correct answer-Dynamic Stretching

What term is defined as the measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part? - Correctanswer-Range of Motion

Which of the following is an example of an active range of motion? - Correct answer-A client movingtheir shoulder through flexion and extension.

What type of stretching uses bouncing and the momentum of the body or limb to force it beyond anormal range of motion? - Correct answer-Ballistic Stretching

What are the two most important acute training variables related to flexibility training? - Correctanswer-Intensity and Time

In most cases, how long should a static stretch be held? - Correct answer-10 to 30 Seconds Which of the following is a known benefit of cardiorespiratory training? - Correct answer-Improves Sleep Which acute training variables are included in the FITT Principle as it relates to cardiorespiratorytraining? - Correct answer-Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

What is a metabolic equivalent (MET)? - Correct answer-The measure of the ratio of a person's energyexpenditure to their mass during physical activity

According to the modified Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) chart, what intensity equates to maximumexertion during cardiorespiratory exercise? - Correct answer-RPE 10

During cardiorespiratory training, how can speed be modified to increase training intensity? - Correctanswer-Increase Speed

What vital capacity reading is considered low and a potential symptom of a respiratory problem? -Correct answer-Below 3,000 mL

Which of the following activities has a MET value between 3.0 and 6.0? - Correct answer-Brisk Walk 3.5-4 mph

What does (1) MET equal to? - Correct answer-A person's metabolic rate when at rest What other cardiorespiratory efficiency measure can be estimated by the ventilatory threshold? -Correct answer-Lactate Threshold

The formula 220 minus age is commonly used to estimate what cardiorespiratory information? - Correctanswer-Maximum Heart Rate

Which strength category is defined as a combination of strength and speed? - Correct answer-Power Strength training has been found to reduce which resting biological measure? - Correct answer-RestingBlood Pressure

Which strength curve most accurately represents a squatting exercise? - Correct answer-AscendingStrength Curve

What type of foundational exercises promote overall strength adaptations without necessarilytranslating to performance or skill development? - Correct answer-General Exercises

During a taper, how much should training volume be reduced while exercise intensity remains at orabove competition (maximal) levels? - Correct answer-30-70 Percent Reduction in Training Volume

For resistance training, how is intensity expressed? - Correct answer-Percentage of 1RM - Rep Maximum What training goal is promoted when resistance training intensity is below 67 percent of 1RM? - Correctanswer-Muscular Endurance

During resistance training, what sub-variable is related to exercise type? - Correct answer-Grip Which of the following is equipment with variable resistance? - Correct answer-Resistance Bands Which of the following is an example of a static resistance exercise? - Correct answer-Plank What is an exercise progression? - Correct answer-Modifications to acute training variables that increasethe challenge of a movement pattern.

Body language, spatial relations, and paralanguage are all examples of what type of communication? -Correct answer-Nonverbal Communication

What type of learner learns best when they can see the information being taught? - Correct answer-Visual Learners

Which if the following is advised when giving verbal cues to increase client understanding? - Correctanswer-Use Simplified Language

Which of the following exercises is categorized as a hinge movement? - Correct answer-Deadlift Which movement category includes upper body exercises in which the arms themselves or the arms anda tool are moved away from the body? - Correct answer-Push

What is the agonist at the shoulder during an upper body vertical pulling movement? - Correct answer-Latissimus Dorsi

What type of exercises are often single-joint movements that can promote muscular adaptations likestrength and hypertrophy? - Correct answer-Isolation Exercises

Which movement dysfunction occurs when a synergist muscle takes over a movement pattern when anagonist fails? - Correct answer-Synergistic Dominance

According to the study of proxemics, what is considered a personal distance between two people? -Correct answer-1.5-4 feet

Which of the following animal-based protein sources has the highest bioavailability in the human body?- Correct answer-Whey Protein Isolate

Which of the following is a good source of Vitamin C? - Correct answer-Brussel Sprouts

Which of the following is a food source of the mineral calcium? - Correct answer-Dairy Which of the following is a function of sodium in the body? - Correct answer-Fluid balance According to the World Health Organization, what is one of the most common nutrient deficienciesworldwide? - Correct answer-Iron Deficiency

Which of the following is a food source of vitamin E? - Correct answer-Nuts Where in the digestive tract are amino acids absorbed? - Correct answer-Small Intestine When selecting a multivitamin, what information should be considered? - Correct answer-Sex and Age In a normal, healthy adult, what percent of food consumed is absorbed in the GI tract? - Correct answer-95%

What minimum consistent blood pressure reading is associated with the condition of hypertension? -Correct answer-140/90 mm Hg

What chronic disease was the DASH diet created to combat? - Correct answer-High Blood Pressure What is the role of insulin in the human body? - Correct answer-Insulin binds to target cells andpromotes the uptake of glucose from the blood.

What condition is characterized as a degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear on the joints? -Correct answer-Osteoarthritis (OA)

Which of the following exercises are recommended for a client with arthritis? - Correct answer-Cycling,swimming, group exercise class, and brisk walking.

What is the definition of the heart condition of cardiomyopathy? - Correct answer-The enlargement andstiffening of the heart.

Which chronic health condition can be caused by pollen, mold, smoke, and air pollution? - Correctanswer-Asthma

What is the most common symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD)? - Correct answer-Angina (What isAngina?)

Which of the following joints in the body are commonly affected by the condition of Gout? - Correctanswer-Lesser toe joints, ankle, and knee.

Which arthritic condition is an autoimmune disorder? - Correct answer-Rheumatoid arthritis At what age may youth begin implementing circuit training and strength exercises with light freeweights and low intensity? - Correct answer-11-14 years

Approximately what percentage of adults over the age of 65 are living with at least one chronic healthcondition? - Correct answer-80%

Which type of exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis in older adults? - Correct answer-Resistance Training

For senior populations, what does the back scratch fitness assessment measure? - Correct answer-UpperBody Flexibility

What is the general physical activity recommendation for pregnant women assuming no medicalconditions are present? - Correct answer-150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise and three days of strengthening exercise weekly. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for a pregnant client? - Correct answer-PrematureLabor

Exercise programming for a pregnant client should focus on what fitness outcome(s)? - Correct answer-Maintaining Current Health Status

Approximately what percentage of the world's population has a condition that disables them? - Correctanswer-15%

Which of the following is a physiological change that occurs in pregnant women that can affect how theyexercise? - Correct answer-Resting Heart Rate Increases

Which fitness assessment for senior populations measures the amount of time needed for an individualto stand up from a seated position and walk eight feet? - Correct answer-8 Foot Up and Go

Which style of personal training utilizes both in-person and virtual training? - Correct answer-HybridTraining

Which style of personal training utilizes videos, live streaming, websites, and chat forums to delivertraining content? - Correct answer-Virtual Training

When utilizing emails to communicate with clients, what is the ideal length of an email? - Correctanswer-50-125 Words

In email marketing, what is a strategic email? - Correct answer-An email that explains the trainer'smission, philosophies, and more about themselves.

In email marketing, what is an onboarding email? - Correct answer-A series of emails that gather clientinformation and assessments to begin a training program.

Under the scope of practice for a personal trainer, which of the following may a certified personaltrainer assist clients with? - Correct answer-General Nutrition Guidance

In marketing, what is the phrase "Sign up now!" an example of? - Correct answer-Call to Action

When identifying a target market, what is the fictional person that represents a trainer's preferredclientele known as? - Correct answer-Client Persona

Which style of personal training is often choreographed? - Correct answer-Group Exercise Which style of personal training requires a fitness professional to consider camera quality, lighting, andthe available exercise equipment? - Correct answer-Virtual Training

According to the CDC, what is the definition of disinfecting? - Correct answer-Killing germs and viruseson surfaces with the use of chemicals.

To receive a personal training certification, what additional certification is required? - Correct answer-CPR/AED

What type of injury develops slowly and is persistent? - Correct answer-Chronic Injury Which of the following is often included in a first aid kit? - Correct answer-Adhesive Bandages Which of the following emergency situations requires a fitness professional to call 911 immediately? -Correct answer-An Unconscious Person

What type of acute injury occurs in a muscle? - Correct answer-Strain Which of the following emergency situations requires a fitness professional to call 911 immediately? -Correct answer-Chest Pain

What tool in a first aid kit can be used to remove debris from a wound? - Correct answer-Tweezers What should every location where exercise is performed have posted or available for patrons andemployees? - Correct answer-Emergency Exit Plan

What serious health situation occurs when the body is unable to regulate its temperature? - Correctanswer-Heat Stroke