ISSA Trainer: Comprehensive Guide to Human Anatomy and Physiology, Exams of Sport Studies

Download ISSA Trainer: Comprehensive Guide to Human Anatomy and Physiology and more Exams Sport Studies in PDF only on Docsity! ISSA TRAINER ISSA TRAINER Exam 2025 (Questions With Verified Answers) Graded A+ BMR stands for basal metabolic rate Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same time throughout the body. (T/F) True Muscular, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise are known as the training effect. (T/F) True The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body environment through various processes is called: Homeostasis A calorie is a unit of heat. (T/F) True The preferred unit in metabolic studies and nutrition labels is the kilocalorie (kcal). (T/F) True ISSA TRAINER The primary (not the 'initial') fuel during endurance exercise is: Fatty acids The molecule used for storing and transferring energy in the body is called: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) The ATP/CP pathway is the primary pathway used for activities lasting two minutes or greater. (T/F) False About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous. (T/F) True The respiratory system is responsible for: - Supplying oxygen to the body - Eliminating carbon dioxide in the body - Helps regulate the body's pH balance The circulatory system consists of: Heart, arteries, and veins ISSA TRAINER Kinesiology is: The science or study of human movement, and the active and passive structures involved An isometric contraction is when: A muscle does not lengthen or shorten as it contracts True synergy occurs when a muscle contracts to stop the secondary action of another muscle. (T/F) True An example of an antagonist muscle is: Triceps during a biceps curl Adduction is a movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. (T/F) False An example of flexion is the: Concentric action of a bicep curl Flexion mainly occurs in which plane? sagittal plane Newton's second law of motion deals with force and its relationship to mass and acceleration. (T/F) ISSA TRAINER True Biomechanics is the study of: movement Muscular force is broken down into the components of: Magnitude, Direction, Point of application, Line of action Inertia can be categorized as: Resting inertia and moving inertia A first-class lever is similar to a seesaw. (T/F) True The ability to perceive your position and movement of the body or limbs in space is known as: Kinesthesis A second-class lever is similar to a wheelbarrow. (T/F) True The faster the work is done during a movement, the lesser the amount of power. (T/F) ISSA TRAINER False Posture is solely viewed in static positions, such as sitting, standing, or lying down. (T/F) False "Flatback" can be identified by a: Posterior pelvic tilt Excessive lateral curvature of the spinal column is known as: Scoliosis Kyphosis is an exaggerated anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column. (T/F) True When the superior iliac crest of the pelvis moves forward and downward from the normal anatomical position, it is known as: Lordosis Intradiscal pressure is up to 11 times greater when seated versus lying down. (T/F) True ISSA TRAINER A supinated grip would be palms down. (T/F) False Dumbbells are an example of what type of training equipment? Constant resistance device A neutral grip would be thumbs up. (T/F) True New trainees should ____ through the sticking point and _____ during the less strenuous portion of the lifts. Exhale, inhale Aerobic means in the presence of oxygen. (T/F) True Maximum oxygen consumption is also known as: VO2 max Maximal heart rate is estimated by subtracting your age from: 220 ISSA TRAINER For aerobic training, ISSA recommends that individuals train at what percentage of the maximum heart rate? 55% to 85% A watt is a measure of power involving a known force, distance, and time frame. True A unit of measurement that refers to the relative energy demands of an activity in comparison to your energy demands in a resting state is known as a: MET Anaerobic means "in the presence of oxygen." False Using several modes of training to develop a specific component of fitness is known as: Cross-training Flexibility is the ability to flex, extend, or circumduct the joints through their full intended range of motion. (T/F) True The Golgi tendon organ, the muscle spindle, and the Pacinian corpuscle make up the three primary: ISSA TRAINER Inhibitory proprioceptors Myofibrils are constructed of overlapping strands of protein polymers called: Actin and myosin Joint range of motion can be assessed with: - Goniometer - Sit and reach test - Shoulder flexibility test - Trunk extension test The muscle spindle detects excessive stretch within the muscle. (T/F) True If your goal is to improve range of motion, stretch to the point: Of mild or moderate discomfort ________ are a benefit of a proper warm up and dynamic stretch prior to exercise? - Improved metabolic adjustment to heavy work - Greater strength/power output - Increased muscle temperature - Increased velocity of nerve conduction ISSA TRAINER A trainer should facilitate learning by using which sensory channel(s)? - Visual - Auditory - Kinesthetic Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. (T/F) True GXT is an acronym for: Graded Exercise Test According to the ISSA and the ACSM, exercise intensity should be at what percentage of your VO2 max in order to maintain an adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness? 55% to 85% Using the Karvonen method and an exercise intensity of 55% will determine the heart rate corresponding to what percentage of VO2 max? 55% The ISSA recommends that the intensity level of exercise be 85% to 95% of VO2 max. (T/F) False ISSA TRAINER Muscular endurance can be assessed by which of the following method(s)? Push-up test & Sit-up test The resting level of oxygen consumption is referred to as 1.0 MET. (T/F) True According to the Push-up Norms chart, what is the rating of a 38-year-old male that can perform 24 push-ups? Fair The principle of individual differences states that the rate and magnitude of adaptations to training will be limited by our differing genetics. (T/F) True Which principle states that in order for gains to continue, the intensity of the stress imposed must be progressively increased? Overload principle Which principle states that we all undergo stress in three stages: the "alarm stage," the "resistance stage," and the "exhaustion stage?" GAS principle ISSA TRAINER Which principle states that our bodies will physiologically adapt according to whether we are training aerobically or anaerobically? SAID principle The specificity principle states that we must move from general training to specific and highly specialized training as it relates to our intended goals. (T/F) True HIT is an acronym for: high intensity training "FITT," in terms of the FITT principle, stands for fully integrated training technique. (T/F) False The principles to help you plan your training cycle, arrange your exercises in each workout, and perform each exercise are known as the: Weider principles Periodization refers to how a training program is broken down into discreet time periods called macrocycles, mesocycles, and microcycles. (T/F) True ISSA TRAINER Training at 55% to 65% of 1RM is most effective for muscular endurance. (T/F) True ________ principle states that motor units are recruited in order according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates? Size principle Common limiting factor when it comes to achieving fitness-related goals? - Genetics - Exercise - Mindset - Nutrition What is the best and most effective diet for every individual? There is no "one-size" fits all diet. What factor(s) should you take into account when deciding on a nutrition strategy? - Life demands - Work situation - Physical activity - Culture Which food labels does not actually tell you much about the food itself? "free-range" ISSA TRAINER ________ represents a "role" that the liver plays in the body? Synthesizes protein from amino acids ingested through food Glucose can be: Used for ATP production and stored as muscle glycogen ________ is an "issue" with the caloric values contained on food labels? Preparation/method of cooking ________ is not a metabolic pathway involving carbohydrates? Glyconolisthesis A summation of all things your body does both actively and passively to burn calories in a 24 hour period is called: Total daily energy expenditure ________ affects energy balance? - Food intake - Exercise activity - Genetic factors ISSA TRAINER When caloric intake is lower than the amount needed to maintain normal function, RMR increases. (T/F) False ______ is not a form of carbohydrates found in the diet? Insulin Animal-based fats contain a higher ratio of unsaturated fats than plant-based oils. (T/F) False ______ chemical component(s) does protein contain that is not found in carbohydrates or fats? Nitrogen What is the recommended minimum protein intake for sedentary, generally healthy individuals? 0.8g per kilogram of body mass ______ is an example of a micronutrient? Vitamin C For most people, drinking approximately two liters of water per day is sufficient. (T/F) True ISSA TRAINER What are the recommended strength program guidelines for an older adult? Low to moderate intensity with high repetitions How frequent should an older adult be trained in conjunction with a cardiovascular program? 2-3 times per week Medical doctors may perform what assessment(s) on older adults before clearing them for exercise? - EKG - Blood panel - Neurological assessment Which component(s) should be addressed in a sound APF program? Balance, Flexibility, Power The role of an exercise intervention for chronic conditions in adaptive fitness is to increase ______________ without exacerbating existing conditions. Functional fitness The goal of an adaptive fitness session for a client with a disability is improved ______, ______, and ______. Fitness, mobility, self-efficacy ISSA TRAINER What is generally defined as anything that prevents the attainment of one's goals? Handicap Neurological factors as opposed to hypertrophic factors are primarily responsible for strength gains in children. (T/F) True Children ages 5-12: - Have a lower tolerance to the demands of exercise - Should not perform high-resistance exercises - Need repetitions of 10-15 at all times How frequently should a youth work out? 2-3 times per week How many days of rest does a youth need between workouts? 1-2 days Children are: - Not miniature adults - susceptible to heat exhaustion and heat stroke - more susceptible to cold injury ISSA TRAINER - particularly vulnerable to Osgood Schlatter disease Hypertensive individuals should be encouraged to exercise at least _______ times per week. Three or Four Individuals with hypertension should moderate their intake of _______? Salt Statistics indicate that an estimated __________ Americans suffer from a chronically elevated level of arterial blood pressure, a medical condition known as hypertension. 60,000,000 The recommended RPE range for individuals with hypertension would be ___ to ___. 10 to 13 The body of a diabetic does not produce enough insulin or it cannot properly use the insulin it does make. (T/F) True Type II diabetes is known as insulin-dependent diabetes. (T/F) False ISSA TRAINER Reasons for stopping an exercise routine for a pregnant woman includes which of the following? - Dizziness - Severe headaches - Excessive fatigue Asthma sufferers should medicate 30 minutes prior to exercise. (T/F) True How many Americans are afflicted by asthma? 25,000,000 What triggers asthma? - Respiratory infection - Exercise - Sudden changes in either humidity or temperature - Air pollution In order to help strengthen their lungs, asthmatics should: Perform specific breathing exercises At some time in their life, at least what percent of all Americans will experience the symptoms of asthma? 5% ISSA TRAINER Asthma suffers should do what while exercising? - Breathe through the nose - Control breathing rate - Keep inhaler close by - Avoid very intense exercise Normal oral temperature ranges between __________ degrees Fahrenheit. 96.8 and 99.3 To reduce inflammation in the back, ice should be applied for at least ______ minutes. 15 Improper biomechanical motion between two vertebrae is best referred to as: Subluxation The RICE principle helps reduce pain and inflammation. (T/F) True The "A" of the primary survey stands for "airway." (T/F) True ISSA TRAINER Signs and symptoms of a stroke can include: - Difficulty speaking - Weakness and numbness, often on one side of the body - Loss of bowel control The Good Samaritan Law states that the helping person cannot be sued for additional injuries caused during a rescue attempt even if it is less than perfect. (T/F) True