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IV THERAPY/ TB/ COMMUNITY HEALTH EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND
NEW 2025
Intravascular Inside the vein Extravascular Outside the vein Isotonic Have a total osmolality close to that of the ECF and do not cause cells to shrink or swell Hypotonic Low tonicity solution Hypertonic higher solute concentration Crystalloids Include hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions. These solutions contain small molecules/particles that are either completely dissolved or partially dissolved in fluid,
depending on the concentration and temperature. Glucose, dextrose, sodium Colloids Contain large molecules that do not dissolve in fluid. These large molecules are merely suspended in the fluid (just floating around). They exist in the fluids, but do not mix Oil, blood products, dextran, albumin, hespan D5W, 0.45% NaCl (half NS) Examples of hypotonic solutions Dehydration or dehydration from DKA What are hypotonic solutions used to treat Dehydration Excessive fluid loss from inside the cells, but not electrolyte loss normal saline 0.9% NaCl is also called Lactated Ringers Dextran
Increase it Decrease it colloid, human blood component Albumin (Human), USP, 25% Solution FLEXBUMIN 25% is considered to be a Lipid Hypertonic solution Colloid Isotonic solution Human blood component Phlebitis Upon assessing the patient's IV site, the nurse finds the patient's arm in this condition. What does the nurse document this as? Phlebitis Infiltration Fibrin clot Extravasation 4
How many hours does the nurse have to completely infuse 1 unit of packed red blood cells? peripherally inserted central catheter What type of venous access device is this? Subcutaneous port Peripheral IV Central line Peripherally inserted central catheter fluid overload, air embolism Which systemic complication of IV therapy is manifested by shortness of breath? Fluid overload Air embolism Sepsis Extravasation raise the height of the bag, roll up the roller clamp The nurse is infusing a bolus of lactated ringers and needs to slowly increase the rate. Which action can the nurse take?
osmolality the number of milliosmoles (the standard unit of osmotic pressure) per kilogram of solvent; expressed as milliosmoles per kilogram (mOsm/kg). (The term osmolality is used more often than osmolarity to evaluate serum and urine.) isotonic solution a solution with the same osmolality as blood hypotonic solution a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum hypertonic solution a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum hydrostatic pressure the pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it. In the body, hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels results from the weight of fluid itself and the force resulting from cardiac contraction (synonym: hydraulic pressure) homeostasis maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system
diffusion the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration; does not require expenditure of energy crystalloid a fluid containing soluble mineral ions and water in solution Colloid oncotic pressure osmotic pressure created by the protein (mainly albumin) in the bloodstream (synonym: colloidal osmotic pressure) colloid a fluid containing particles that are nonsoluble and evenly distributed throughout the solution alkalosis an acid-base imbalance characterized by a reduction in H+ concentration or increase in bicarbonate concentration (increased blood pH) (A high arterial pH with either decreased H+ ion concentration or increased bicarbonate concentration is called metabolic alkalosis; a high arterial pH due to reduced PCO2 is called respiratory alkalosis.) active transport
during flushing. What would be the nurse's priority intervention in this situation? A. Remove the IV from the site and start at another location B. Immediately notify the primary care provider C. Use a skin marker to outline the area with visible signs of infiltration to allow for assessment of changes D. Aspirate the catheter and attempt to flush again D A nurse is monitoring a patient who is receiving an IV infusion of normal saline. The patient is apprehensive and presents with a pounding headache, rapid pulse rate, chills, and dyspnea. What would be the nurse's priority intervention related to these symptoms? A. Discontinue the infusion immediately, monitor vital signs, and report findings to the primary care provider immediately B. Slow the rate of infusion, notify the primary care provider immediately and monitor vital signs C. Pinch off the catheter or secure the system to prevent entry of air, place the patient in the Trendelenburg
position, and call for assistance D. Discontinue the infusion immediately, apply warm compresses to the site, and restart the IV at another site D A nurse is initiating a peripheral venous access IV infusion for a patient. Following the procedure, the nurse observes that the fluid does not flow easily into the vein and the skin around the insertion site is edematous and cool to the touch. What would be the nurse's next action related to these findings? A. Reposition the extremity and raise the height of the IV pole B. Apply pressure to the dressing on the IV C. Pull the catheter out slightly and reinsert it D. Put on gloves; remove the catheter A A nurse is administering a blood transfusion for a patient following surgery. During the transfusion, the patient displays signs of dyspnea, dry cough, and pulmonary edema. What would be the nurse's priority actions related to these symptoms?
C. "I will apply pressure approximately 1.2 inches below the insertion site prior to removing the needle" D. "I will choose a vein in the antecubital fossa for IV insertion due to its size and easily accessible location" D A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving IV therapy and reports pain in the arm, chills, and "not feeling well." The nurse notes warmth, edema, induration, and red streaking on the client's arm close to the IV insertion site. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first? A. Obtain a specimen for culture B. Apply a warm compress C. Administer analgesics D. Discontinue the infusion D During new employee orientation, a nurse is explaining how to prevent IV infections. Which of the following statements by an orientee indicates understanding of the preventative strategies? A. "I will leave the IV catheter in place after the client
completes the course of IV antibiotics" B. "As long as I am working with the same client, I can use the same IV catheter for my second insertion attempt" C. "If my client needs to use the rest room, it would be safer to disconnect their IV infusion as long as I clean the injection port thoroughly with an antiseptic swab" D. "I will replace any IV catheter when I suspect contamination during insertion" D, e A nurse on the IV team is conducting an in-service education program about the complications of IV therapy. Which of the following statements by an attendee indicates an understanding of the manifestations of infiltration? A. "The temperature around the IV site is cooler" B. "The rate of the infusion increases." C. "The skin at the IV site is red" D. "The IV dressing is damp" E. "The tissue around the venipuncture site is swollen" B c d
intervention when discontinuing the client's intravenous infusion? A. Withdraw the intravenous catheter along the same angle of its insertion B. Use an alcohol swab to scrub the insertion site C. Flush the line with normal saline D. Don sterile gloves D A primary health-care provider prescribes an intravenous infusion containing potassium for a client. Which is the most important nursing intervention before administering this solution to the client? A. Assess the skin turgor B. Obtain the blood pressure C. Measure the depth of edema D. Determine the presence of urinary output A A client receiving an enteral feeding develops diarrhea. Which characteristic of the tube feeding formula does the nurse conclude precipitated the diarrhea? A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic C. Isotonic D. Icteric C A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving IV fluid. Which clinical findings indicate that the client has a fluid overload? A. Chills, fever, and generalized discomfort B. Blood in the tubing close to the insertion site C. Dyspnea, headache, and increased blood pressure D. Pallor, swelling, and discomfort at the insertion site D The nurse is administering IV fluid to a client. Which complication should prompt the nurse to slow the rate of flow of the infusion rather than stop the infusion and remove the catheter? A. Infiltration B. Extravasation C. Inflamed vein D. Fluid overload B d
B
A nurse assesses a client for the clinical manifestations of electrolyte imbalances. Which of the following indicates that the client may have a potassium deficiency? A. Increased blood pressure B. Irregular pulse rhythm C. Muscle tension D. Chest pain E. Dry hair c You are making initial shift assessments on your patients. While assessing one patient's peripheral IV site, you note edema around the insertion site. How should you document this complication related to IV therapy? a. air emboli b. phlebitis c. infiltration d. fluid overload b The physician has ordered a peripheral IV to be inserted before the patient goes for computed tomography. What
should the nurse do when selecting a site on the hand or arm of an IV catheter? a. choose a hairless site if available b. consider potential effects on the patients mobility when selecting a site c. have the patient briefly hold his arm over his head before insertion d. leave the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes b A nurse in the neurologic ICU has orders to infuse a hypertonic solution into a patient with increased intracranial pressure. This solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the patients blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. This process is best described as which of the following? a. hydrostatic pressure b. osmosis and osmolality c. diffusion d. active transport c
