JB LEARNING-EMT FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-2023-2024, Exams of Community Health

Download JB LEARNING-EMT FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-2023-2024 and more Exams Community Health in PDF only on Docsity! A patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a tag during a mass-casualty incident - ANSWER-yellow JB LEARNING-EMT FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-2023-2024 A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should: - ANSWER- administer 15 g of activated charcoal. An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: - ANSWER-requires CPR Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should: - ANSWER-Provide emotional support to the mother Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as: - ANSWER-knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect. Both areas of the pons are sued to: - ANSWER-augment respiration during physical or emotional stress A transient ischemia attack (TIA) occurs when: - ANSWER-a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms. A decrease in blood pressure may indicate: - ANSWER-a loss of vascular tone Ketone production is the result of: - ANSWER-fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable. A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: - ANSWER- dermal layer A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should: - ANSWER-avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye. At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: - ANSWER-100 beats/min Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-giving a verbal report to the clerk Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-Fructose As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the: - ANSWER-alveoli Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following EXCEPT: - ANSWER- pain exacerbated by breathing Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): - ANSWER-increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives Initial signs and symptoms associated with viral hemorrhagic fevers include: - ANSWER-headache and sore throat Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: - ANSWER-gallbladder The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes: - ANSWER-administering oxygen and transporting immediately A 22 year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should: - ANSWER-provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed. A 37 year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: - ANSWER-asthma A positive TB skin test indicates that: - ANSWER-you have been exposed to TB Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is: - ANSWER-attempting to eliminate acids from the blood. A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. A 74 year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4 mg tablets) before you arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: - ANSWER-recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modifications of the dosing of certain drugs. A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: - ANSWER-repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to: - ANSWER- be alert for vomiting If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT must assume that she: - ANSWER-is in shock Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: - ANSWER-prevents the aggregation of platelets A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: - ANSWER-with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being: - ANSWER-diaphoretic An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: - ANSWER-apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device A 17 year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As you partner is applying oxygen you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: - ANSWER-apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment A strangulated hernia is one that: - ANSWER-loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. A critical function of the safety officer is to: - ANSWER-stop an emergency operation whenever a rescuer is in danger. After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should: - ANSWER-monitor her closely but recall that anxiery and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when: - ANSWER-normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms A 39 year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: - ANSWER- close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing. General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include: - ANSWER-using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality A portable oxygen cylinder should have a minimum capacity of of oxygen. - ANSWER-500 L Neurogenic shock occurs when: - ANSWER-failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. Covering a patient's will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. - ANSWER-head Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-a narcotic overdose An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with: - ANSWER-adequate air exchange. After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should - ANSWER- reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension. A disposable oxygen humidifier should be considered for ambulance services that often transport patents for hour(s) or more: - ANSWER-1 Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when: - ANSWER- wheezing and hypotension are present. A 40 year-old male crashes his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: - ANSWER-open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. A 15 year-old male was killed when he struck by a car while riding his bicycle. He has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. When the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him. You should: - ANSWER-advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first. In contrast to abruptio placenta, placent previa: - ANSWER-may not present with heavy vaginal bleeding. An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: - ANSWER-continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful. A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: - ANSWER-smallpox Most terrorist attacks: - ANSWER-require multiple terrorists working together According to the JumpSTART triage system, if a pediatric patient is not breathing, you should: - ANSWER-assess for a distal pulse. Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include: - ANSWER- tachycardia Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: - ANSWER-check her airway for obstructions Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because: - ANSWER-it may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle. If the incident command system (ICS) is already established at the scene of a WMD or terrorist attack, the EMT should: - ANSWER-locate the medical staging officer to obtain his or her assignment. A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no more than hours following the incident. - ANSWER-72 A 62 year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: - A 22 year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should: - ANSWER-open the patient's airway and assess his respirations. A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: - ANSWER-rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should: - ANSWER-place her in a left lateral recumbent position is what you can see of a person's response to the environment. - ANSWER- Behavior The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are: - ANSWER-between 11 and 16 years of age. After receiving online orders from medical control to preform a patient care intervention, you should: - ANSWER-repeat the order to medical control word for word. In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: - ANSWER-pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: - ANSWER-it ca continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes. Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: - ANSWER- cool, clammy skin Functions of the liver include: - ANSWER-secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances. According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: - ANSWER-insert a peripheral intravenous catheter Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-increased surface area available for air exchange As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: - ANSWER-mouth-to-mouth mask technique with a one way valve. Febrile seizures: - ANSWER-are usually benign but should be evaluated. Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER- drowsiness Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: - ANSWER-slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. Chronic renal failure is a condition that: - ANSWER-is often caused by hypertension or diabetes. Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle: - ANSWER-flows into the pulmonary arteries. Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the: - ANSWER-fallopian tube. Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because: - ANSWER-there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely. Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested: - ANSWER-aspirin The eyeball itself is referred to as the: - ANSWER-globe Before giving activated charcoal, you should: - ANSWER-obtain approval from medical control. A 25 year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardia. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should: - ANSWER-insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM. Nerve agents, a class of chemicals called organophosphates, were first discovered while in search of a superior: - ANSWER-pesticide. An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as of blood is lost. - ANSWER-100 mL In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm: - ANSWER-often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset Shortly after loading your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. He is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct? - ANSWER-A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time Fetal complications associated with drug-or alcohol- addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-profound tachycardia The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure: - ANSWER- is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor: - ANSWER-self-supporting and lives by himself or herself. A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who: - ANSWER-have delivered a baby before. A 67 year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should: - ANSWER-placing her in an upright position. A 60 year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardia. The EMT should suspect: - ANSWER-aortic aneurysm In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum: - ANSWER-is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation. Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by: - ANSWER-decreased pumping force of the heart muscle After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience: - ANSWER-easier breathing. An infant is considered to be premature if it: - ANSWER-weighs less than 5 Ib or is born before 36 weeks' gestation. You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: - ANSWER-determine if she was injured when she fainted. An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: - ANSWER-body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6F (37C) A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: - ANSWER-intranasal route Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: - ANSWER-a relatively small surface area A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemia myocardium by: - ANSWER-dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: - ANSWER-waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport be: - ANSWER-an informed refusal A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: - ANSWER-cardiogenic hypoperfusion A laceration: - ANSWER-is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine funds and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurs because: - ANSWER-these actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: - ANSWER-follow appropriate standard precautions Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? - ANSWER- Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produced a more severe reaction. A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should: - ANSWER-ask the daughter how her father normally behaves. An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient? - ANSWER-Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. Despite your attempts to coach a conscious young female's respirations, she continues to hyperventilate with a marked reduction in tidal volume. You should: - ANSWER- explain to her that you will assist her ventilations. A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below: - ANSWER-90F (32C) Phosgene (CG) has an odor that resembles: - ANSWER-cut grass According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: - ANSWER-assist a patient with certain prescribed medications A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called: - ANSWER- subcutaneous emphysema An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than: - ANSWER-500 psi An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: - ANSWER-authorization from medical control has been obtained Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when: - ANSWER-warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.