JB LEARNING EMT FINAL LATEST EXAM 2024-2025/ JB LEARNING FINAL 300 EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWER, Exams of Health sciences

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JB LEARNING EMT FINAL LATEST EXAM 2024-

2025/ JB LEARNING FINAL 300 EXAM

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS. GRADED

A

_______ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures. - ANSHydrostatic _________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment. - ANSBehavior A 15 year-old male was killed when he struck by a car while riding his bicycle. He has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. When the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him. You should: - ANSadvise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first. A 17 year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As you partner is applying oxygen you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: - ANSapply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: - ANSrepeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. A 22 year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should: - ANSprovide reassurance and give oxygen as needed. A 22 year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should: - ANSopen the patient's airway and assess his respirations. A 23 year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretion in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? - ANSAlternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilations.

A 25 year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardia. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should: - ANSinsert a nasal airway and ventilate with a BVM. A 29 year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. HIs Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is: - ANS A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should: - ANSplace her in a left lateral recumbent position A 37 year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: - ANSasthma A 38 year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: - ANSbegin CPT and apply the AED.

A 39 year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: - ANSclose her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing. A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: - ANSfollow appropriate standard precautions A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should: - ANSadminister 15 g of activated charcoal. A 40 year-old male crashes his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: - ANSopen his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. A 40 year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect: - ANSliver dysfunction

A 40 year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an implanted pacemaker. The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do? - ANSDeliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR. A 50 year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should: - ANSprepare for immediate transport. A 51 year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: - ANSadminister oxygen via a non- rebreathing mask A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5°F and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, which are all identical in shape and size. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: - ANSsmallpox

A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: - ANScardiogenic hypoperfusion A 60 year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardia. The EMT should suspect: - ANSaortic aneurysm A 62 year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: - ANSapply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should: - ANSask the daughter how her father normally behaves.

A 67 year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should: - ANSplacing her in an upright position. A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? - ANSHigh blood pressure A 74 year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4 mg tablets) before you arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: - ANSrecall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modifications of the dosing of certain drugs. A 75 year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should: - ANSretreat and notify law enforcement personnel

A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a: - ANSfalsely high systolic and diastolic reading. A common side effect of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANShypertension A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called: - ANSsubcutaneous emphysema A critical function of the safety officer is to: - ANSstop an emergency operation whenever a rescuer is in danger. A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no more than ________ hours following the incident. - ANS A decrease in blood pressure may indicate: - ANSa loss of vascular tone A disease vector is defined as: - ANSany agent that acts as a carrier or transporter A disposable oxygen humidifier should be considered for ambulance services that often transport patents for _______ hour(s) or more: - ANS

A functional disorder is a: - ANSphysiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality. A laceration: - ANSis a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: - ANSintranasal route A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: - ANSwith the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: - ANSdermal layer A Patient in respiratory arrest at the scene of a multiple casualty incident would typically be classified as a fourth priority (black tag; expectant) patient, unless: - ANSthere are enough resources to provide care for him or her.

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? - ANSapply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he: - ANSis experiencing difficulty breathing. A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to of to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: - ANSassess whether the patient's mental condition is impaired. A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be: - ANSresponsive to painful stimuli. A patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a ___________ tag during a mass-casualty incident - ANSyellow

A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced: - ANSa detached retina A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage the situation? - ANSRequest a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance. A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is: - ANSflushed and red A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being: - ANSdiaphoretic A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport be: - ANSan informed refusal A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemia myocardium by: - ANSdilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below: - ANS90F (32C) A portable oxygen cylinder should have a minimum capacity of ___________ of oxygen. - ANS500 L A positive TB skin test indicates that: - ANSyou have been exposed to TB A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who: - ANShave delivered a baby before. A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called: - ANSa wheel A strangulated hernia is one that: - ANSloses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. A tour bus has overturned, resulting in numerous patients. When you arrive, you are immediately assigned to assist in the triage process. Patient 1 is a middle-aged male with respiratory distress, chest pain, and a closed deformity to his right forearm. Patient 2 is a young female who is conscious and alert, but has bilateral

femur fractures and numerous abrasions to her arms and face. Patient 3 is an older woman who complains of abdominal pain and has a history of cardiovascular disease. Patient 4 is unresponsive, is not breathing, has a weak carotid pulse, and has a grossly deformed skull. What triage categories should you assign to these patients? - ANSPatient 1, immediate (red); Patient 2, delayed (yellow); Patient 3, immediate (red); Patient 4, expectant (black) A transient ischemia attack (TIA) occurs when: - ANSa small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms. A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: - ANSrapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: - ANSa disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should: - ANSavoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

A young male is unresponsive after overdosing on an opioid. He is not breathing and his pulse is weak. The EMT should immediately: - ANSventilate with a BVM. Abruptio placenta occurs when: - ANSthe placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must: - ANSoffer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure. According to the JumpSTART triage system, if a pediatric patient is not breathing, you should: - ANSassess for a distal pulse. According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: - ANSassist a patient with certain prescribed medications According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: - ANSinsert a peripheral intravenous catheter

According to the terminal drop hypothesis: - ANSmental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested: - ANSaspirin Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the: - ANSsomatic nervous system Acute coronary syndrome (ACD) is a term used to describe: - ANSa group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: - ANStoxic chemical inhalation After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should: - ANSmonitor her closely but recall that anxiery and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine

after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to: - ANSbe alert for vomiting After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should - ANSreassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension. After receiving online orders from medical control to preform a patient care intervention, you should: - ANSrepeat the order to medical control word for word. After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience: - ANSeasier breathing. Age-relating changes in the renal system result in: - ANSa decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because: - ANSit may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle. Airborne substances should be diluted with: - ANSoxygen

Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: - ANSblood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing. All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain? - ANSbrain stem All of the following biological agents or diseases can be transmitted from person to person, EXCEPT: - ANSricin An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient? - ANSLeave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: - ANSthe driver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with: - ANSadequate air exchange.

An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: - ANScontinue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful. An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n): - ANSadvanced EMT (AMET) An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: - ANSauthorization from medical control has been obtained An infant is considered to be premature if it: - ANSweighs less than 5 Ib or is born before 36 weeks' gestation. An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: - ANSthe occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. - ANS100 mL

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

• ANSbody's temperature is considerably less than 98.6F (37C) An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than: - ANS500 psi An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: - ANSrequires CPR An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: - ANSapply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the: - ANSpatella As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of: - ANSanother EMT As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the: - ANSalveoli

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: - ANSmouth-to-mouth mask technique with a one way valve. Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: - ANSprevents the aggregation of platelets At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to: - ANS44% At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: - ANS100 beats/min At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that these are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contract the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: - ANSuse the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? - ANS10 to 18 months

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when: - ANSnormal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplement oxygen be administered? - ANSExposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95% Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: - ANSit ca continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes. Before giving activated charcoal, you should: - ANSobtain approval from medical control. Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: - ANSgallbladder Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle: - ANSflows into the pulmonary arteries. Both areas of the pons are sued to: - ANSaugment respiration during physical or emotional stress

Botulinum is: - ANSa potent bacterial neurotoxin Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by: - ANSalleviation of pain with movement or changing positions Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): - ANSincrease in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: - ANSwaste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the: - ANSAEMT Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because: - ANSthere is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely. Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by: - ANSdecreased pumping force of the heart muscle

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: - ANSslight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. Chronic renal failure is a condition that: - ANSis often caused by hypertension or diabetes. Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSabsent peripheral pulses. Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSFructose Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSdrowsiness Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: - ANScool, clammy skin Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: - ANStachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following EXCEPT: - ANSpain exacerbated by breathing Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: - ANSa relatively small surface area Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include: - ANSlung tissue injury and gastric distention. Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. - ANShead Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT: - ANSgiving a verbal report to the clerk Despite your attempts to coach a conscious young female's respirations, she continues to hyperventilate with a marked reduction in tidal volume. You should: - ANSexplain to her that you will assist her ventilations.

During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSdiscouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that:

• ANSshe is not in ventricular fibrillation. Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: - ANSshortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Each ovary produces an ovum in alternating months and releases it into the: - ANSfallopian tube. Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when: - ANSwheezing and hypotension are present. Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSincreased surface area available for air exchange