JD Exam 1 questions with 100% correct answers graded A+ already passed, Exams of Nursing

Download JD Exam 1 questions with 100% correct answers graded A+ already passed and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! JD Exam 1 Today there are now __________________ children in the United States. - correct answer ✔✔80 million A hundred and fifty years ago girls matured sexually at age 16. Today they do so at _____ years of age. - correct answer ✔✔12.5 __________________ is formed when youths develop a firm sense of who they are and what they stand for. - correct answer ✔✔Ego identity Which of the following statements about children in the U.S. is false? - correct answer ✔✔In at least half the states in the U.S., more than 40 percent of black children are poor According to the text, about one third of U.S. households with children experience one of three housing problems. Which of the following is not one of these three problems? - correct answer ✔✔housing without nearby recreational facilities Adults 25 years of age and older with less than a high school diploma earn ______ percent less than those who have earned a high school diploma. - correct answer ✔✔30 According to the findings of the most recent Youth Risk Behavior Survey, about _____ percent of high school students had smoked cigarettes at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey. - correct answer ✔✔20 According to the text, youths who have been arrested four or more times and perpetuate a striking majority of serious criminal acts are known as the: - correct answer ✔✔"chronic juvenile offenders" A family style wherein the father is the final authority on all family matters and exercises complete control over his wife and children is: - correct answer ✔✔paternalistic Which of the following statements about children in the Middle Ages is false? - correct answer ✔✔The parent-child relationship was particularly close and loving. Voltaire's, Rousseau's, and Locke's vision produced a period known as the _____________________, which stressed a humanistic view of life, freedom, family, reason, and law. - correct answer ✔✔Enlightenment Under the _______________ movement, children were placed in the care of adults who trained them in specific skills. - correct answer ✔✔apprenticeship In a famous 1827 case, a duke's children were taken away from him in the name and interest of parens patriae, because: - correct answer ✔✔his scandalous behavior Which of the following best describes the operating philosophy of the juvenile court under parens patriae? - correct answer ✔✔best interests of the child During the Middle Ages in Great Britain, the chancery courts: - correct answer ✔✔did not have jurisdiction over children charged with criminal conduct What is the criteria on which juvenile sentencing is ideally based? - correct answer ✔✔need for treatment Running away and underage consumption of alcohol represent: - correct answer ✔✔status offenses "__________________" minors is the original early designation of youths who violate the law because of their minority status. - correct answer ✔✔Wayward Parents may be held civilly responsible for the conduct of their minor children, under the concept of: - correct answer ✔✔vicarious liability True or False - Kids, whose parents divorce, increase their involvement in delinquency, especially if they have a close bond with the custodial parent. - correct answer ✔✔False Childhood risk factors for persistent delinquency include all of the following, except: - correct answer ✔✔interracial background True or False - Manslaughter and forcible rape are examples of part II offenses. - correct answer ✔✔False True or False - Liquor law violations and drug trafficking are examples of part II offenses. - correct answer ✔✔True True or False - Research shows that the more kids watch TV, the more often they get into violent encounters. - correct answer ✔✔True True or False - Most self-report studies indicate that the number of children who break the law is far smaller than official statistics would lead us to believe. - correct answer ✔✔False True or False - According to the text, girls are more likely than boys to be arrested as runaways. - correct answer ✔✔True True or False - Delinquency rates decline with age. - correct answer ✔✔True According to choice theorists, offenders: - correct answer ✔✔are rational actors who choose to crime because they believe their actions will be beneficial According to __________________ theory, delinquency is a function of personal predispositions such as temperament, personality, hormones, or genetics. - correct answer ✔✔trait _______________________ theory views crime as a "normal" function modern living. - correct answer ✔✔Routine activities According to the concept of ________________, if offenders are punished severely, the experience will convince them not to repeat their illegal acts. - correct answer ✔✔specific deterrence Which of the following statements about specific deterrence is false? - correct answer ✔✔The association between punishment and desistance is logical, and there is plenty of evidence that punitive measures alone deter future delinquency A geographic location that is known to be the scene of repeated delinquent activity is called a: - correct answer ✔✔hot spot Research which links antisocial behavior to a person's diet draws from which theoretical perspective? - correct answer ✔✔biosocial theories Contemporary biochemical factors related to delinquency include each of the following except: - correct answer ✔✔minimal brain dysfunction Which of the following is not a symptom of ADHD? - correct answer ✔✔The individual sustains interest in play activities The _______________________ assumes that LD leads to poor school behavior which leads to frustration, negative self image, and acting out. - correct answer ✔✔school failure rationale Which of the following theories best reflects the branch of psychology that holds that the human personality is controlled by unconscious mental processes developed early in childhood? - correct answer ✔✔Psychodynamic theory A psychological condition producing mood swings between wild elation and deep depression is called: - correct answer ✔✔bipolar disorder Erik Erikson coined the term ____________________ to refer to a psychological state in which youth face inner turmoil and uncertainty about life roles. - correct answer ✔✔identity crisis __________________ hold that children will model their behavior according to the reactions they receive from others. - correct answer ✔✔Behaviorists It is estimated that the average child views ____________ TV murders before finishing elementary school. - correct answer ✔✔8,000 People commit crimes when they model their behavior after others they see being rewarded for the same acts; behavior is reinforced by rewards and extinguished by punishment. Which of the following theories does this best illustrate? - correct answer ✔✔Behavioral True or False - Classical criminology suggests that delinquent acts, especially violent ones, are not rational choices but uncontrollable, irrational behaviors. - correct answer ✔✔False True or False - According to the text, delinquents do not like to travel to commit crimes. - correct answer ✔✔True True or False - Situational crime prevention aims to reduce opportunities to commit crimes by increasing the effort or the risks of criminal activity or by reducing the rewards attached to delinquent acts. - correct answer ✔✔True True or False - Police crackdowns seem to have an effective short-term strategy, but their effect begins to decay once the initial shock effect wears off. - correct answer ✔✔True True or False - People with pathological traits, such as abnormal personality, are at lower risk for crime over the life course. - correct answer ✔✔False True or False - Children with ADHD are more likely to use illicit drugs, alcohol, cigarettes in adolescence. - correct answer ✔✔True True or False - Twin studies and adoption studies provide no evidence that delinquent-producing traits may be inherited. - correct answer ✔✔False True or False - Cognitive theory contends that the choice to commit delinquent acts can be controlled by the threat of punishment; if people believe illegal behavior will result in severe sanctions, they will choose not to commit crimes. - correct answer ✔✔False