JOMC 101: Chapter 3 & 4 Quiz with Answers - Journalism and Mass Communication, Exams of Biology

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Which newspaper publisher championed the ideal of an impartial, or purely informational, news model? - answer Adolph Ochs Who's papers were part of yellow journalism, crusading for the poor while also printing scandal? - answer Joseph Pulitzer In North America, the first newspaper, Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick, was published on September 25, ___________, by Boston printer Benjamin Harris. - answer 1690 What type of analysis lead to contemporary op-ed columns? - answer Interpretive journalism Which form of journalism aims to explain key issues or events and place them in a broader historical or social context? - answer Interpretive What value favors the small over the large and equates small-town life with innocence and purity that is corrupted by outsiders? - answer small- town pastoralism What value favors the assumption that businesspeople compete with one another not primarily to maximize profits but to create increased prosperity for all? - answer responsible capitalism What is a newspaper chain? - answer What did the New York Times (Adolph Ochs) NOT do in order to distance itself from the yellow press? - answer Focus on sensational stories to sell papers.

They lowered the price to a penny. Changed their motto to "it does not soil the breakfast cloth". And favored documentation of major events or issues. This lead to a dramatic increase in circulation. All EXCEPT which one of the following led to the rise of penny papers? a. technological breakthroughs b. machine-made paper c. rise of the middle class d. rise of the upper class - answer rise of the upper class What type of journalists are activist amateurs and concerned citizens who use the internet and blogs to disseminate news and information? - answer citizen journalists What type of reporter files reports from other major cities? - answer bureau reporter T or F? The development of the printing press in the fifteenth century greatly accelerated a society's ability to send and receive information. - answer true Stories about powerful or influential people meet the ______________________ criteria of newsworthiness. - answer prominence A _______________________ is a situation in which journalists stand to benefit personally from a story they produce. - answer conflict of interest ____________________ have become alternative media sources, reporting stories not covered by mainstream media. - answer websites (ie. instagram, facebook, twitter) ________________ reporters are assigned to particular beats or topics. - answer specialty

The ____________________ is credited as being the first penny paper. - answer New York Sun Approximately how many weekly newspapers did the US have in 1840? - answer 1140 The first major wire service was _______________. - answer the AP What are elements of yellow journalism? - answer exciting human interest stories, crime news, big headlines In the late 1800s, the story-driven model of journalism was commonly followed by the _________________. - answer penny press and yellow press When Adolph Ochs bought the ___________________, he brought back the ideal of an informational and impartial press. - answer New York Times What form of journalism takes a more "scientific" attitude to news reporting? - answer objective journalism What form of journalism aims to explain the ramifications of key issues or events by placing them in broader context? - answer interpretive journalism When did US newspapers begin providing more interpretive journalism? - answer in the 1950s, with the development of atomic power and the outbreak of the Korean War Who made a name for himself through his World War II reporting and later his television program See It Now? - answer Edward R. Murrow What were the shortcomings of more visually oriented TV news? - answer the intrusiveness of televised ads, the fixed length of a news broadcast, emphasizing imagery over neutrality

How has cable transformed TV news? - answer TV news is often recast as a partisan vehicle for opinions What is a big advantage of online news? - answer Readers and viewers no longer have to wait until the next publication or broadcast for updates on stories A news story about the CEO of a national company demonstrates which criteria of newsworthiness? - answer prominence News stories about issues that could affect a family's income or change a community's laws are stories of _____________________. - answer consequence How many cities in the US currently have more than one independent, competing paper? - answer under 15 What is convention of journalistic neutrality? - answer presenting the most important information first Judging other countries and cultures on the basis of how "they live up to or imitate American practices and values" is known as _________________. - answer ethnocentrism Favoring the small over the large and the rural over the urban is also known as ________________________. - answer small-town pastoralism More newspapers are trying to boost income by using what? - answer paywalls The top ten newspaper chains controlled how much of the total newspaper circulation in the US by the early 2000s? - answer over 50%

What are key characteristics of public journalism? - answer it involves citizens and journalists more centrally in civic and political life, it focuses on issues most important to the community The Daily Show and Last Week Tonight follow in the tradition of what earlier TV program? - answer Saturday Night Live What is deliberative democracy? - answer A system in which citizen groups, local government, and the news media work together to shape social and political agendas. One of the first newspapers to make money by printing advertisements was the ______________. - answer Pennsylvania Gazette Seditious libel is ______________. - answer defaming a public official's character in print Why were circulations so low in the early days of colonial papers? - answer readership was limited to wealthy and educated men The inverted-pyramid style of reporting begins with the most newsworthy information, or the _____________ of the story. - answer who, what, when, where, and why or how ________________________ provided the start of investigative journalism, was the forerunner of today's tabloids, and is often associated with sensationalism. - answer yellow journalism Why did more newspapers begin to strive for impartiality in their news coverage? - answer they found that they could attract more readers that way and they began to serve more clients in different geographic regions Many more middle-class readers began buying The New York Times in the late 1800s because _______________. - answer they could afford it and it imparted a certain status

What type of journalism distinguishes between reports and opinions? - answer objective journalism What type of journalism seeks to place events within a larger historical or social context? - answer interpretive journalism The "op-ed" page developed as a result of ________________. - answer the Korean War, the US anticommunist movement, and the invention of television Which figured tapped the potential of broadcasting with his famous "fireside chats" on the radio? - answer Edward R. Murrow What historical movement benefitted from televised news documentation?

• answer The Civil Rights Movement What change brought about the 24/7 news cycle? - answer the introduction of cable news What is a problem introduced by online journalism? - answer the demands placed on reporters What are journalists expected to do as part of their jobs following the digital turn? - answer write news stories, post digital video, and use social media like twitter or blogs What are the criteria for newsworthiness? - answer timeliness, proximity, conflict, ___________ One of the most prominent values of American journalism is _________________. - answer neutrality What kind of companies are brokers that distribute content like columns, comic strips, and crossword puzzles? - answer features syndicates

The dominance of newspaper chains can lead to which of the following? - answer journalists unable to meet the information needs of local communities What is a fear about citizen journalism? - answer That members of the public will lack education, training, and experience in the area of reporting Studies have indicated that viewers of what satirical news show tend to be better-informed than some other viewers? - answer The Daily Show Community/public journalism aims to reinvigorate ______________. - answer deliberative democracy How many magazines are published in the US annually? - answer more than 20, The word magazine comes from the French term magasin, which means _____________. - answer storehouse The first publication to use the term magazine in its title was _______________. - answer Gentleman's Magazine Magazines in colonial America may be credited with _____________. - answer spreading political ideas that ultimately led to the revolution What factors contributed to the demand for national magazines in the late 1800s? - answer increases in public education, advances making printing technologies faster, improvements in mail delivery How did the Postal Act of 1879 benefit magazine publishers? - answer it lowered the postage rate for magazines Who first coined the term muckraking? - answer Theodore Roosevelt

The use of photos in magazines to document the rhythms of everyday life is known as _________________. - answer photojournalism The first magazine to reach 2 million in circulation was _______________. - answer the Saturday Evening Post The success of TV Guide underscored the power of ______________. - answer television How did National Geographic remain profitable when its magazine started to lose circulation in the 1990s? - answer it entered other media ventures like television specials The over-fifty age group is the ______________ age bracket. - answer fastest-growing _________________ is considered an elite magazine. - answer the New Yorker What was the first US tabloid? - answer National Enquirer It is not uncommon for print magazines to ______________________________. - answer offer audio podcasts to accompany articles, create an online social-networking feature for its readers, provide interactive features online Magazines that merge into larger chains are able to ________________. - answer extend their reach and attract new customers, lower their development, production and sales and marketing costs, generate more revenues Today, subscriptions account for _______ percent of magazine sales. - answer 88

What department provides all the content for a magazine, excluding ads? - answer editorial Which group owns Vanity Fair, GQ, and Vogue? - answer Conde Nast What is no longer true about magazines in the US? - answer they provide a powerful national voice, unite communities around important social issues, and foster a strong national identity How are magazines different from newspapers? - answer they are published on a nondaily cycle and employ a tabloid style When did the idea of specialty magazines focused on specific topics first gain popularity in the US? - answer nineteenth century The first magazine to publish a column that directly addressed women's issues was ________________. - answer the Saturday Evening Post Sarah Josepha Hale founded the first women's magazine, _____________, in

1828. • answer Ladies' Magazine When did photojournalism emerge as a new profession? - answer 1890s Investigative journalism designed to expose wrongdoing is known as __________________________. - answer muckraking Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906 based in part on articles that appeared in what magazines? - answer Ladies' Home Journal and Collier's During what time period did general-interest magazines become the most prominent form of magazine? - answer after WWI

In the mid-1980s, the most popular magazine in the world was _______________. - answer Reader's Digest Which magazine can be credited for advancing photojournalism the most in the early twentieth century? - answer Life What did women's magazines need to do in the 1970s to continue to attract readers? - answer include articles on careers outside the home and feature stories that addressed women's sexuality What is the most commercially successful magazine for children? - answer Highlights for Children What was the first city magazine aimed at a national audience? - answer the New Yorker What magazine was founded by WEB Du Bois and is currently the official magazine of the NAACP? - answer Crisis Which alternative magazines are published for readers who support the political left? - answer Nation and Progressive How much advertising copy does the average magazine contain? - answer 50% Which type of special magazine edition includes a few pages of ads purchased by local or regional companies? - answer split-run _____________________ subscriptions automatically renew on a credit card. - answer evergreen A freelance writer is often paid a(n) ________________ for a magazine article. - answer flat fee and honorarium

Production costs to publish a magazine include _____________. - answer design and layout, paper, printing