Psychoactive Substances and Their Effects: A Comprehensive Study, Exercises of Nursing

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Kaplan and Sadock questions with correct answers What is the cannabinoid primarily responsible for psychoactive effect of cannabis? - ANSWER: ✔ Delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol What is the active metabolite of delta9-THC that is active in the CNS? - ANSWER: ✔ 11-hydroxy-delta9- THC What type of receptor is the cannabinoid receptor? - ANSWER: ✔ G-protein-linked family Where in the brain are cannabinoid receptors found? - ANSWER: ✔ Highest: Basal ganglia, hippocampus and cerebellum lowest: cerebral cortex no receptor in the brainstorm- minimal effects of cannabis on respiratory and cardiac functions When do euphoric effects of cannabis peak? - ANSWER: ✔ If smoked- 30 minutes What are most common physical effects of Cannabis> - ANSWER: ✔ conjunctival injection mild tachycardia How long can a urinary drug screen detect cannabis? - ANSWER: ✔ 4 weeks what is introjection? - ANSWER: ✔ the unconscious adoption of the ideas or attitudes of others. what is the metabolite of cocaine? - ANSWER: ✔ benzoylecgonine How long does metabolite of cocaine remain in the urine? - ANSWER: ✔ 1-3 days generally 7-12 days if chronic high dose user how long can hair samples show amphetamines? - ANSWER: ✔ 90 daysh How long does MDMA stay in urine? - ANSWER: ✔ 1-4 days what percentage of those in alcohol withdrawal experience DT? - ANSWER: ✔ 10% When does alcohol withdrawalo= occur? - ANSWER: ✔ 4-12 hours; levels dip sharply what percentage of those in alcohol withdrawal experience tonic clonic seizures> - ANSWER: ✔ 2-3% what substance is most associated with poly drug use? - ANSWER: ✔ MDMA What separates inhalant intoxication from alcohol and benozs? - ANSWER: ✔ generalized muscle weakness depressed reflexes blurred vision What is found in etch/benzo intoxication but not inhalant? - ANSWER: ✔ memory or concentration changes what disorders most common with cannibus use disorders? - ANSWER: ✔ anxiety 24% bipolar disorder 13% MDD 11% What are 3 main classes of hallucinogens? - ANSWER: ✔ indoleamines ergolines phenylakylamines token economy - ANSWER: ✔ an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats Ventilation - ANSWER: ✔ Catharsis - ANSWER: ✔ a release of emotional tension Transactional Theory of Stress - ANSWER: ✔ explains how stressors are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to those perceptions and appraisals Bowen Model - ANSWER: ✔ family therapy; focuses on a person's differentiation from his or her family of origin The psychodynamic experimental model family therapy - ANSWER: ✔ emphasizes individual freedom from unconscious patterns of anxiety and projection rooted in the past of the context in the family system The general systems model family therapy - ANSWER: ✔ every action in the family produces a reaction in one or more of its members the structural model (family therapy) - ANSWER: ✔ families are viewed as single interrelated systems Personalization - ANSWER: ✔ distortion of thinking in which a person takes responsibility or blame for events that are unconnected to the person Catastrophizing - ANSWER: ✔ Dramatically exaggerating the negative consequences of any minor event Overgeneralization - ANSWER: ✔ the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure transference neurosis - ANSWER: ✔ The "artificial neurosis" that occurs during the course of psychoanalysis and that involves the development of transference reaction formation - ANSWER: ✔ psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. projective identification - ANSWER: ✔ occurs in close relationships, where one person induces feelings/impulses which are viewed as unacceptable in the other person Fixation - ANSWER: ✔ according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved Triangulation - ANSWER: ✔ Family Sculpting - ANSWER: ✔ A nonverbal experiential technique that consists of physically arranging members of a family in space, which reveals significant aspects of their perceptions and feelings about one another. hot triangle - ANSWER: ✔ family therapy reframing - ANSWER: ✔ also known as positive connotation paradoxical therapy - ANSWER: ✔ therapist suggests that the patient engage in the behavior with negative connotations (e.g., a phobia or compulsion). Corrective Emotional Experience (CEE) - ANSWER: ✔ A reparative, real life experience with the therapist that resolves rather than seemingly repeats a familiar but maladaptive relational pattern. Twinship Transference - ANSWER: ✔ The patient experiences the therapist as someone like himself mirror transference - ANSWER: ✔ A transference in which a person who had not been adequately mirrored—that is, confirmed and given approval—by his mother relives these experiences with the therapist. When such a transference develops, the patient has the opportunity to work through those negative experiences with the therapist and hence to overcome his or her feelings of worthlessness. Idealizing transference: Kohut - ANSWER: ✔ narcissistic transference dichotomous thinking - ANSWER: ✔ thinking in which things are perceived as "either/or"—for example, "good or bad," "big or small," "right or wrong" selective abstraction - ANSWER: ✔ A cognitive distortion that involves forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event. Overgeneralization - ANSWER: ✔ the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure arbitrary realization - ANSWER: ✔ Externalization - ANSWER: ✔ the attribution of an event or occurrence to causes outside the self