Key Supreme Court Cases and Constitutional Amendments, Exams of Engineering

Download Key Supreme Court Cases and Constitutional Amendments and more Exams Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! FLORIDA CIVIC LITERACY EXAM Questions and Verified Answers 100% Correct A+ Grade New Update 2024 QUESTION Which founding document directly influenced the American Bill of Rights (1791)? Answer: English Declaration of Rights (1689) QUESTION Which feature of the Constitution did the Anti-Federalists fear would lead to the emergence of tyranny? Answer: the provisions that created a government without direct responsibility to the citizens QUESTION During the ratification process of the Constitution, two major camps emerged: the who opposed ratification, and who supported its ratification. Answer: Anti-Federalists, Federalists QUESTION The Anti-Federalists opposed the ratification of the Constitution because they were afraid that the new national government would be too powerful and thus threaten individual liberties. They favored all of the following EXCEPT: Answer: the indirect election of government officials QUESTION To appease some of the fears of the Anti-Federalists and to ensure the ratification of the Constitution, the Federalists promised that they would: Answer: add amendments specifically protecting individual liberties QUESTION Which of the following cases established the precedent that the Supreme Court has the power of judicial review? Answer: Marbury v. Madison 1803 QUESTION Which of the following cases established the precedent that the U.S. Congress had the power to establish a bank based on the necessary and proper clause? Answer: McCullough v. Maryland 1819 QUESTION Which of the following cases limited power held by the states: Answer: Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857 and U.S. v. Nixon 1971 Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Plessy v Ferguson 1896 QUESTION Which of the following cases overturned the "separate but equal" precedent in education? Brown v. Board of Education 1954 QUESTION Which of the following cases focused on the fourteenth amendment? Plessy v Ferguson 1896 and Brown v. Board of Education 1954 QUESTION Which of the following cases limited state endorsed religious prayer in public schools? Engle v. Vitale 1962 QUESTION The power of government to take private property for public use is called: eminent domain QUESTION Answer: Which of the following cases ruled that achieving "a diverse student body" was a "compelling public purpose,", but the method of a rigid quota of admission slots assigned on the basis of race violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause? Answer: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke 1978 QUESTION Which of the following cases centered on the first amendment right of freedom of the press? Answer: Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier 1988 QUESTION Which of the following cases declared "students did not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they stepped onto school property"? Answer: Tinker v. Des Moines 1969 QUESTION Amendment that represents freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition Answer: Amendment 1 QUESTION The right to bear arms Answer: Amendment 2 QUESTION Amendment that prohibits forced quartering of soldiers Answer: Amendment 3 QUESTION Amendment that prohibits unreasonable search & seizures Answer: Amendment 4 QUESTION Amendment that lists the rules for indictment by grand jury, and eminent domain. Protects the right to due process. Prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy Answer: Amendment 5 QUESTION Amendment that protects the right to a fair and speedy trial. Gives you the right to be notified of accusations, confront the accuser, and obtain a witness for or against you Answer: Amendment 6 QUESTION Amendment that provides the right to trial by jury in civil cases Answer: QUESTION Amendment that gives the right to elect US senators by popular vote Answer: Amendment 17 QUESTION Congress has the right to prohibit the manufacture, sale and transportation of liquor Answer: Amendment 18 QUESTION Amendment that states all women have the right to vote Answer: Amendment 19 QUESTION Presidential Inauguration Day is Jan. 20 and Jan. 3 is the date for the new congress opening. If the president dies before swearing in, the Vice President elect becomes president Answer: Amendment 20 QUESTION Amendment that repeals the 18th Amendment; empowered Congress to regulate liquor industries Answer: Amendment 21 QUESTION Amendment that limits the Presidnet to two full terms in office Answer: Amendment 22 QUESTION Granted voters in the District of Columbia the right to vote for president and vice president Answer: Amendment 23 QUESTION Amendment that forbade requiring the payment of a poll tax to vote in a federal election Answer: Amendment 24 QUESTION Amendment that provided for succession to the office of president in the event of death or incapicity and for filling vacancies in the office of the vice president Answer: Amendment 25 QUESTION Amendment that guaranteed the right to vote to 18 year olds Answer: Amendment 26 QUESTION Amendment that banned Congress form increasing its members' salaries until the next election Answer: Amendment 27 QUESTION What rights are listed in the Declaration of Independence? Answer: Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness QUESTION For what purpose did Thomas Paine write Common Sense? Answer: To encourage the colonists to demand independence from Great Britain QUESTION Which of the following were thought to be weaknesses of the government laid out by the Articles of Confederation? Answer: no power to tax and no executive or judiciary QUESTION A state that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and policies is practicing a form of: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Checks and Balances QUESTION Articles one, two, and three in the Constitution reflect which constitutional principle: separation of powers QUESTION Which part of the U.S. Constitution declares it to be the supreme law of the land? Article VI QUESTION The concept of self-government can be found in: the preamble beginning with "we the people" QUESTION How many amendments have been added to the Constitution? 27 QUESTION Which of the following best describes the concept of 'rule of law': Answer: Answer: No one is above the law, including government and elected officials. QUESTION Which of the following best describes federalism: Answer: a dual system of sovereignty where both national and state governments have authority. QUESTION What is the purpose of the 22nd amendment: Answer: Limits the president to two terms QUESTION Which amendments expanded protections for voting rights (check all that apply): Answer: 15, 19, 24, and 26 QUESTION The Constitution established a system of "dual sovereignty," under which the states have surrendered some of their powers to the federal government, but also retained some sovereignty. All other powers were to be held by the states, local communities, or the people themselves in a concept known as: Answer: Federalism QUESTION The Constitution used the Virginia Plan's two-house, or "bicameral," legislature, but it accorded proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate. This feature of Congress is a result of: Answer: The Great Compromise QUESTION During the ratification of the Constitution, Federalists eventually agreed to support further ratification of ten amendments to the Constitution in order to appease Anti-Federalists' fears of an overwhelming national government that could impinge upon personal liberties. The first ten amendments to the Constitution are collectively known as the: Answer: Bill of Rights QUESTION Signing a petition in support or in opposition to pending legislation is an exercise of which Amendment? Answer: The First Amendment QUESTION The Fourth Amendment: Answer: prevents "unreasonable searches and seizures," and requires authorities to show probable cause to obtain warrants to search dwellings and seize property. QUESTION The role of the president as the supreme commander of the armed forces of the United States. Answer: Commander-in-Chief QUESTION highest ranking member of a state's executive branch Answer: Governor QUESTION powers reserved for the states; examples: creating and maintaining an education system, creating local governments Answer: Reserved powers QUESTION presidential power to stop a bill from becoming a law by rejecting it Answer: Veto power QUESTION the order in which officials fill the office of president in case of a vacancy-1. Vice President, 2. Speaker of the House of Representatives, 3. President of the Senate Pro Tempore, ... Answer: presidential succession QUESTION 9 justices nominated by President, confirmed by Senate; highest court in the nation; hears only appeals; interprets Constitutional law Answer: U.S. Supreme Court QUESTION A series of acts passed by the government in response to the Boston Tea Party. They caused outrage, as the colonists viewed the acts as a violation of their rights. This led to the creation of the First Continental Congress and the Revolutionary War. Answer: Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts QUESTION demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor; organized as a protest against taxes on tea. Answer: Boston Tea Party QUESTION Rights & responsibilities entitled to citizens belonging to a political state or country; only citizens can run for federal office (i.e. President, Congress) Answer: Citizenship QUESTION meeting of state delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution Answer: Constitutional Convention QUESTION An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections. Our two major parties are the Republicans and the Democrats. Answer: Two-Party System QUESTION A belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs. Answer: Civic Duty QUESTION the responsibilities of a citizen, examples include voting, serving on juries, holding public office Answer: Civic Responsibility QUESTION clause of the Constitution that says the Constitution is the highest law of the land. Article 6, Clause 2 Answer: Supremacy Clause the lower legislative house of Congress; number of representatives from each state is based on population and each representative is elected by a district in their state; members serve 2 year terms Answer: House of Representatives QUESTION the upper house of the United States Congress with 100 members-2 from each state; Senators serve 6 year terms and represent all of their state's citizens Answer: Senate QUESTION part of the first amendment explaining that you have the freedom to practice any religion of your choice Answer: Free Exercise Clause QUESTION type of government where power is derived from the people and the people elect representation Answer: democracy QUESTION Document written by English Parliament in 1689, designed to prevent abuse of power by English monarchs; parts of the U.S. Bill of Rights have foundation in that document Answer: English Bill of Rights QUESTION 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony (Pilgrims). Answer: Mayflower Compact QUESTION rights people have by the virture of being human beings; both the Declaration of Independence and Constitution address the government's role in protecting these rights Answer: natural rights QUESTION "Supreme law of the land" Was written at a Constitutional Convention in Phillidelphia in 1787. Answer: U.S. Constitution QUESTION No one is above the law; Everyone must follow the laws, regardless of their position of power. This was established by the Magna Carta in 1215. Answer: Rule of law QUESTION fair treatment through the normal judicial system Answer: due process of law QUESTION Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny to any person equal protection of the laws. This clause is the major constitutional restraint on the power of governments to discriminate against persons because of race, national origin, or sex. Answer: Equal Protection Clause QUESTION pamphlet that advocated for the colonies declaring independence from Britain; supported the need for a democratic government where the people had representation Answer: Common Sense by Thomas Paine QUESTION a series of essays written to counter and defeat the proposed U.S. Constitution; argued against a strong central government and pushed for more protection of the people's rights Answer: Anti-Federalist Papers QUESTION The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, but will give up some freedom to give power to the government so that the government can protect their rights. Answer: Social Contract Theory This document was written by Thomas Jefferson andadopted on July 4, 1776 establishing the 13 American colonies as independent states, free from rule by Great Britain. The preamble (first section) lists our unalienable rights: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Answer: Declaration of Independence QUESTION The idea that our government derives its power from the people because we elect representatives to the legislative branch of government Answer: consent of the governed QUESTION supreme court decides if laws passed by Congress or President are constitutional Answer: Judical Review (Marbury vs. Madison) QUESTION separation between Church and State in schools. S.C. prayer in public schools is unconstitutional, violates separation of church and state and freedom of religion (First Amendment) Answer: Engel v. Vitale (1962) QUESTION Evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as federal courts. Answer: Mapp v. Ohio (1961) QUESTION 14th amendment Due Process Clause allows requirements for state delinquency proceedings. established the principle that young persons have constitutional rights Answer: In Re Gault (1967) QUESTION Supreme Court case that ruled separate but equal public accommodations for the races was constitutional Answer: Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 QUESTION state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants who are unable to afford their own attorneys. Answer: Gideon Vs .Wainwright (1963) QUESTION the court decided that the First Amendment applied to public schools, and that administrators would have to demonstrate constitutionally valid reasons for any specific regulation of speech in the classroom. Answer: Tinker Vs.Des Moines(1968) QUESTION The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. Answer: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) QUESTION 1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, did not free slaves Answer: Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) QUESTION The U.S Supreme Court held for the first time that public schools can limit what appears in school-sponsored student publications. Answer: Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) QUESTION This case proves that the 5th Amendment requires that individuals arrested for a crime must be advised of their right to remain silent and to have counsel present. Answer: Miranda vs. Arizona, 1961 QUESTION The court ruled that manual recounts of presidential ballots in the Nov. 2000 election could not proceed because inconsistent evaluation Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: QUESTION "Right to privacy" protects a pregnant woman's choice Roe v. Wade (1973) QUESTION 1st Amendment limits the ability of public officials to sue for defamation New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) QUESTION The president cannot shield himself from producing evidence in a criminal prosecution U.S. v. Nixon (1974) QUESTION Restraints on speech are generally unconstitutional Near v. Minnesota (1931) QUESTION Anti-corruption interest is not sufficient to displace the speech in question Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) QUESTION Only the powet of the federal government and not state Answer: Barron v. Baltimore (1833) QUESTION Forbids states from enacting any legislation that would interfere. with Congress' right to regulate commerce among separate states Answer: Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) QUESTION University admissions criteria which used race as a definite and exclusive basis for admission. Violated the 14 Amendment Answer: Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978) QUESTION How does the Magna Carta provide a foundation for the English perspective of participatory governance? Answer: It establishes a basis for individual rights. QUESTION What led to the creation of the English Declaration of Rights (sometimes known as the "English Bill of Rights") in 1689? Answer: Tension over who should rule; an individual or the people QUESTION Who is considered to have been the most influential Enlightenment philosopher on the Declaration of Independence? Answer: John Locke QUESTION What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact? Answer: It is the first attempt by Europeans of self-government in the colonies. QUESTION What aspect of the U.S. Constitution was influenced by Montesquieu? Answer: Separation of powers QUESTION For what purpose were the Federalist Papers written? Answer: To support ratification of the Constitution and explain its commitment to limited government. QUESTION What did the anti-Federalist want the Constitution to include?