Key Supreme Court Cases and Constitutional Principles, Exams of Engineering

Download Key Supreme Court Cases and Constitutional Principles and more Exams Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! FLORIDA CIVIC LITERACY EXAM Questions and Correct Detailed Answers ALREADY GRADED A+ Latest Updates 2024 Which United States Supreme Court holding impacted the way that religious practice was approached in public schools? - answer-Engel v. Vitale (1962) Which of the following correctly pairs a document with a core theme of that document? a) Declaration of Independence - Formed a state-centered government b) Magna Carta - Established the principle of rule of law c) U.S. Constitution - Formed a unitary government d) Articles of Confederation - Established the principle of consent of the governed - answer-b What is the minimum number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing each state? - answer-one What is a purpose of civil rights movements? - answer-to secure equalities What is the social contract? - answer-The people give up some liberty to receive governmental protection. What is an example of representation? - answer-The U.S. Congress passes a law. Who does a U.S. Senator represent? - answer-the residents of a single state Which of the following documents provided a rationale for the Declaration of Independence? - answer- Common Sense What are two natural rights identified in the Declaration of Independence? - answer-life and liberty How many U.S. Senators represent each state? - answer-two What is the length of a U.S. President's elected term? - answer-four years What is one branch of the U.S. federal government? - answer-legislative What does the U.S. Constitution do? - answer-It sets up a federal government. Which phrase from a letter written by Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams in 1776 is reflected in the Nineteenth Amendment? - answer-"I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them" Which phrase from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 reflects a freedom in the Bill of Rights? - answer-"building a wall of separation between Church & State" Which of the following pairs of cases focused on the rights of public school students? - answer-Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) Who is in charge of the executive branch? - answer-the President What is due process? - answer-fair treatment in judicial proceedings Which of the following represents the principle of consent of the governed? - answer-Individuals elect members of the House of Representatives. What is an example of a power reserved to the states? - answer-creating school systems Which statement from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment? - answer-"That excessive bail ought not to be required . . . nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;" Which document represents the supreme law of the land? - answer-the U.S. Constitution Which is a core theme of the Federalist Papers? - answer-The proposed Constitution should be ratified. Which document was adopted by the newly independent United States to organize the national government after declaring independence? - answer-the Articles of Confederation Which is a core theme of the Anti-Federalist Papers? - answer-Government should support enumerated individual rights. If both the U.S. President and the U.S. Vice President are unable to serve, who acts as president? - answer-the Speaker of the House Which right from the English Bill of Rights is reflected in the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment? - answer-"to petition the king" Who is Commander in Chief of the military? - answer-the President What is one power of the U.S. Senate? - answer-ratify international treaties What is popular sovereignty? - answer-rule by the people What did the Declaration of Independence do? - answer-declared independence from Great Britain What is the "rule of law"? - answer-No one is above the law. Which of the following pairs of cases impacted First Amendment rights? - answer-Texas v. Johnson (1989) and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) How did the U.S. Constitution resolve the dispute between slave and free states over representation? - answer-Three-Fifths Compromise What is the length of a U.S. Representative's elected term? - answer-two years Which right did the colonists consider "inalienable" in the Declaration of Independence? - answer- pursuit of happiness Which United States Supreme Court case focused on executive privilege? - answer-U.S. v. Nixon (1974) Which of the following pairs of cases limited the rights of African Americans? - answer-Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Why did many colonists fight the British during the American Revolution? - answer-because they opposed taxation without representation What is an example of judicial review? - answer-the power of the Supreme Court to find laws unconstitutional Which point of view is reflected in Common Sense? - answer-Representatives should be elected. Which of the following cases impacted interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment? - answer-Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Which phrase from a letter written by Sarah Grimké in 1837 is reflected in the Fourteenth Amendment? - answer-"I ask no favors for my sex. I surrender not our claim to equality." Which United States Supreme Court case focused on whether an enslaved person, having lived in free territory, should be free? - answer-Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Which United States Supreme Court decision resulted in reduced power for state governments? - answer-Roe v. Wade (1973) Which United States Supreme Court decision was based on the Free Exercise Clause? - answer-West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) What is the purpose of the Selective Service System? - answer-to draft for compulsory military service Which of the following is a right reserved for U.S. citizens only? - answer-running for federal office Which of the following represents the goal of the Supremacy Clause? - answer-States may not pass laws that conflict with federal laws. What is an example of federalism? - answer-the principle that the national and state governments share power What is the first phrase of the U.S. Constitution? - answer-"We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union" What is one chamber of the U.S. Congress? - answer-Senate How did the holding in the United States Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona (1966) impact criminal defendants? - answer-It established that defendants were protected against self-incrimination. How did District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) impact states' rights? - answer-It reduced the ability of states to place restrictions on Second Amendment rights. Which of the following cases reinforced the power of the courts? - answer-Marbury v. Madison (1803) What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called? - answer-the Bill of Rights Which of the following was established by a constitutional amendment? - answer-The President may serve no more than two elected terms. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution? - ANSWER-▪ The Bill of Rights What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?* - ANSWER-▪ Speech ▪ Religion ▪ Assembly ▪ Press ▪ Petition the government How many amendments does the Constitution have? - ANSWER-▪ twenty-seven (27) What did the Declaration of Independence do? - ANSWER-▪ announced our independence (from Great Britain) ▪ declared our independence (from Great Britain) ▪ said that the United States is free (from Great Britain) What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? - ANSWER-▪ life ▪ liberty ▪ pursuit of happiness What is freedom of religion? - ANSWER-▪ You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion. What is the economic system in the United States?* - ANSWER-▪ capitalist economy ▪ market economy What is the "rule of law"? - ANSWER-▪ Everyone must follow the law ▪ Leaders must obey the law ▪ Government must obey the law ▪ No one is above the law Name one branch or part of the government.* - ANSWER-▪ Congress ▪ legislative ▪ President ▪ executive ▪ the courts ▪ judicial What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful? - ANSWER-▪ checks and balances ▪ separation of powers Who is in charge of the executive branch? - ANSWER-▪ the President Who makes federal laws? - ANSWER-▪ Congress ▪ Senate and House (of Representatives) ▪ (U.S. or national) legislature What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?* - ANSWER-▪ the Senate and House (of Representatives) How many U.S. Senators are there? - ANSWER-▪ 100 We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years? - ANSWER-▪ six (6) Who is one of your state's U.S. Senators now?* - ANSWER-▪ Marco Rubio The House of Representatives has how many voting members? - ANSWER-▪435 We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years? - ANSWER-▪ two (2) Name yourU.S. Representative. - ANSWER-▪Donna Shalala Who does a U.S. Senator represent? - ANSWER-▪ all people of the state Why do some states have more Representatives than other states? - ANSWER-▪(because of) the states population ▪ (because) they have more people ▪ (because) some states have more people We elect a President for how many years? - ANSWER-▪ four (4) In what month do we vote for President?* - ANSWER-▪ November What is the name of the President of theUnited States now?* - ANSWER-▪ Donald J Trump What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now? - ANSWER-▪ Mike Pence If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President? - ANSWER-▪ The Vice President If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President? - ANSWER-▪ The speaker of the House Who is the Commander in Chief of the military? - ANSWER-▪ the President Who signs bills to become laws? - ANSWER-▪ the President Who vetoes bills? - ANSWER-▪The President What does the President's Cabinet do? - ANSWER-▪advises the President ▪ vote in a federal election Name one right only for United States citizens. - ANSWER-▪ vote in a federal election ▪ run for federal office What are two rights of everyone living in the United States? - ANSWER-▪Freedom of expression ▪ Freedom of speech ▪ Freedom of assembly ▪ Freedom to petition the government ▪ Freedom of religion ▪ The right to bear arms What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? - ANSWER-▪The United States ▪ The flag What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen? - ANSWER-▪give up loyalty to other countries ▪ defend the constitution and laws of the United States ▪ Obey the laws of the United States ▪ Serve in the U.S military( if needed) ▪ Serve (do important work for) the nation ▪ be loyal to the United States How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?* - ANSWER-▪18 and older What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy? - ANSWER-▪vote ▪ join a political party ▪ help with a campaign ▪ join a community group ▪ join a civic group ▪ run for office ▪ write to a newspaper When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?* - ANSWER-▪April 15 When must all men register for the Selective Service? - ANSWER-▪at age 18 ▪ btw 18 and 26 What is one reason colonists came to America? - ANSWER-▪ freedom ▪ political liberty ▪ religious freedom ▪ economic opportunity ▪ practice their religion ▪ escape persecution Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? - ANSWER-▪ American Indians ▪ Native Americans What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves? - ANSWER-▪Africans ▪ people from Africa Why did the colonists fight the British? - ANSWER-▪ because of high taxes (taxation without representation) ▪ because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering) ▪ because they didn't have self-government Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? - ANSWER-▪ (Thomas) Jefferson When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? - ANSWER-▪ July 4, 1776 There were 13 original states. Name three. - ANSWER-▪ New Hampshire ▪ Massachusetts ▪ Rhode Island ▪ Connecticut ▪ New York ▪ New Jersey ▪ Pennsylvania ▪ Delaware ▪ Maryland ▪ Virginia ▪ North Carolina ▪ South Carolina ▪ Georgia What happened at the Constitutional Convention? - ANSWER-▪ The Constitution was written. ▪ The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution. When was the Constitution written? - ANSWER-▪ 1787 The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers. - ANSWER-▪ James Madison ▪ Alexander Hamilton ▪ John Jay ▪ Publius What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for? - ANSWER-▪ U.S. diplomat ▪ oldest member of the Constitutional Convention What major event happened on September 11, 2001, in the United States? - ANSWER-▪Terrorists attacked the United States Name one American Indian tribe in the United States. - ANSWER-▪Cherokee ▪ Seminole ▪ Crow ▪ Navajo ▪ Sioux ▪ Chippewa ▪ Choctaw ▪ Pueblo ▪ Apache ▪ Iroquois ▪ Creek ▪ Blackfeet ▪ Cheyenne ▪ Arawak ▪ Shawnee ▪ Mohegan ▪ Huron Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States. - ANSWER-▪Missouri (river) ▪ Mississippi (River) What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States? - ANSWER-▪Pacific (ocean) What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States? - ANSWER-▪Atlantic (ocean) Name one U.S. territory. - ANSWER-▪ Puerto Rico ▪ U.S. Virgin Islands ▪ American Samoa ▪ Northern Mariana Islands ▪ Guam Name one state that borders Canada. - ANSWER-▪ Maine ▪ New Hampshire ▪ Vermont ▪ New York ▪ Pennsylvania ▪ Ohio ▪ Michigan ▪ Minnesota ▪ North Dakota ▪ Montana ▪ Idaho ▪ Washington ▪ Alaska Name one state that borders Mexico. - ANSWER-▪ California ▪ Arizona ▪ New Mexico ▪ Texas What is the capital of the United States? - ANSWER-▪ Washington, D.C. Where is the Statue of Liberty? - ANSWER-▪ New York (Harbor) ▪ Liberty Island [Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).] Why does the flag have 13 stripes? - ANSWER-▪ because there were 13 original colonies ▪ because the stripes represent the original colonies Why does the flag have 50 stars? - ANSWER-▪ because there is one star for each state ▪ because each star represents a state ▪ because there are 50 states What is the name of the national anthem? - ANSWER-▪ The Star-Spangled Banner When do we celebrate Independence Day? - ANSWER-▪ July 4 Name two national U.S. holidays. - ANSWER-▪ New Year's Day ▪ Martin Luther King, Jr. Day ▪ Presidents' Day ▪ Memorial Day ▪ Independence Day ▪ Labor Day ▪ Columbus Day ▪ Veterans Day ▪ Thanksgiving ▪ Christmas Brown v. Board of Education - ANSWER-▪1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education. ▪ Her family believed that the segregated school system violated the 14th Amendment and took their case to court. Dred Scott v. Sanford - ANSWER-▪The case that ruled that slaves were property and could not sue