First Aid Guide: Bleeding, Shock, Burns, and Fractures, Quizzes of Health sciences

Download First Aid Guide: Bleeding, Shock, Burns, and Fractures and more Quizzes Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What effects bleeding? DEFINITION 1 Speed of blood flow from vesselSize of vesselVein vs arteryinternal vs external bleedingwhere originated victims age and weightvictims general physical condition TERM 2 Artery DEFINITION 2 Bright redRapid spurtingUnder high pressureMost difficult to control TERM 3 Vein DEFINITION 3 Dark edSteady flowDfficult to Control TERM 4 Capillary DEFINITION 4 Medium redSlow, even oozeOften clots spontaneouslyUsually causes little blood loss TERM 5 How to treat bleeding DEFINITION 5 Stop bleedingDetermine sourceplace in position to be least affected by blood lossMaintain open airway TERM 6 Ways to control bleeding DEFINITION 6 Direct PressureElevationIndirect pressure/artery compressionair splinttournaquet TERM 7 Indirect Pressure DEFINITION 7 If cannot control bleeding, apply pressure to the pressure point. TERM 8 Pressure Point DEFINITION 8 Artery lies close to surface and can be compressed against boneBrachial artery (arm)Femoral artery (leg) TERM 9 Types of Shock DEFINITION 9 AnaphlaticCardiogenicHemorrhagicNeurogenicPsychogenicMetabolcSeptic TERM 10 Anaphylactic Shock DEFINITION 10 life threatening allergic reaction to a substance TERM 21 Colle's Fracture DEFINITION 21 MOI: victim falls on palm of hand with wrist extended TERM 22 Smiths Fracture DEFINITION 22 Victim falls back on hand with wrist flexed TERM 23 Ischial Tuberosity Fracture Ischial tuberosity- The spot where the top of the hamstring attaches DEFINITION 23 Pain Swelling Lump in buttocks at muscle attachment TERM 24 Scaphoid/Navicular Fracture DEFINITION 24 Anatomical snuffbox area of wrist through which the radial artery passes Pain in this area usually indicates Scaphoid fracture TERM 25 Care for Chemical Burns DEFINITION 25 Brush dry powder off the skin and flush area vigorously in a steady stream of water EXCEPTIONS: Lime powder + water = corrosive Phenol (carbolic acid) rinse with alcohol, then irrigate with water Concentrated sulfuric acid + water = heat, so must be vigorously flushed with hose or shower to remove While flushing, remove victims clothing, shoes, stockings, jewelry If the victim is able, wash with soap and water and rinse thoroughly, after flushing If chemical got into victims eyes, irrigate eyes for at least 20 minutes, remove contact lenses, irrigate well underneath lid TERM 26 How to Use Indirect Pressure DEFINITION 26 If cannot control bleeding apply pressure to the pressure pointPressure point: artery lies close to surface and can be compressed against boneBrachial artery (arm)Femoral artery (leg)Ca;; EMS if bleeding pressure point must be used to control bleeding TERM 27 Mottled Skin/Blanched Nails DEFINITION 27 Signs the pressure bandage is too tight TERM 28 Hematoma DEFINITION 28 Collection of blood beneath the skin Signs/Symptoms lump with bluish discoloration TERM 29 FA care of closed Injuries DEFINITION 29 If you suspect internal bleeding, treat for shock. Apply ice or cold compresses to help relieve pain and reduce swelling. Splint painful, swollen, or deformed extremities to help control pain and swelling and prevent further injury TERM 30 Abrasions DEFINITION 30 If you suspect internal bleeding, treat for shock. Apply ice or cold compresses to help relieve pain and reduce swelling. Splint painful, swollen, or deformed extremities to help control pain and swelling and prevent further injury TERM 31 Human Bites DEFINITION 31 Human bites most difficult to manage because of high infection rate, mouth harbors millions of bacteria.Prevent contamination TERM 32 Impaled Objects DEFINITION 32 Sliver/Splinter If left will always cause infection If you can see the end: use tweezers If you cant grasp it: use sterile needle Fishhook Only remove if the point, not the barb, is penetrated Ice the skin to numb then back it out If barb is through skin, tape hook to body and transport Once removed, wash with soap and water and apply antibiotic ointment 1. Remove the victims clothing if necessary to expose the wound; cut it away without disturbing the impaled object. 2. Manually secure the impaled object to prevent any motion. 3. Control bleeding with direct pressure, but do not exert any pressure on the impaled object or on the edges of the skin around the cutting edge of the object. 4. Stabilize the impaled object with bulky dressings and bandage in place. 5. Calm and reassure the victim as you monitor for shock. 6. Keep the victim at rest. 7. Do not attempt to cut off, break off, or shorten an impaled object unless transportation is not possible with it in place. 8. Activate the EMS system immediately Never remove an impaled object except: if it interferes with chest compressions, if penetrating cheek injury and more than 1 hour from care TERM 33 Type of dressing used for chest injuries DEFINITION 33 Occlusive dressing TERM 34 "sucking" chest wound DEFINITION 34 Open wound allows air into check cavity TERM 35 Bowel evisceration DEFINITION 35 abdominal injury, severe TERM 46 RICE DEFINITION 46 R rest I ice C compression E elevation TERM 47 Closed vs Open fracture DEFINITION 47 Closed (simple) Overlying skin is intact Open (compound) Skin over fracture site has been damaged or broken TERM 48 FOOSH DEFINITION 48 Fall on out stretched hand TERM 49 AC Joint Sprain DEFINITION 49 Signs and Symptoms Swelling Deformity Palpable lump Guarding supporting injured arm by holding elbow Care Immobilize with a sling and both horizontal and vertical swathes Apply ice pack or cold compress to the shoulder joint if victim can tolerate it TERM 50 Splint for dislocations (what not to use) DEFINITION 50 If there is a deformity do not use airsplint TERM 51 Coup - Countrecoup DEFINITION 51 coup injuryoccurs under the site of impact with an objectcontrecoup injuryoccurs on the side opposite the area that was impacted TERM 52 Acceleration/deceleration Injury DEFINITION 52 the brain accelerates until it hits the skull TERM 53 Linear skull fracture DEFINITION 53 The most common type of skull fracture, a linear fracture causes a thin-line crack in the skull. Linear fractures are the least serious and the most difficult to detect TERM 54 Treatment for suspected spinal injury DEFINITION 54 1. First priority: establish and maintain an open airway and adequate ventilation 2. Establish and maintain in-line stabilization Place hands/arms on both sides of victims head Hands against shoulders, forearms supporting the head Position head gently in-line with body TERM 55 Battles sign DEFINITION 55 Bruising/discoloration TERM 56 Realign head except when DEFINITION 56 Victims head is severely angled Victim complains pain, pressure, or muscle spasm Feel resistance when attempting to move the head