KPEERI Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Correct | 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download KPEERI Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Correct | 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! KPEERI Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Correct | 2024 A word part that contains a vowel or, in spoken language, a vowel sound - Correct Answer-syllable Two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds - Correct Answer-consonant blend Two consecutive consonants that represent one phoneme, or sound - Correct Answer-consonant digraph Sources of information outside of words that readers may use to predict the identities and meanings of unknown words. These may be drawn from the immediate sentence containing the word, from text already read, from pictures accompanying the text, or from definitions, restatements, examples, or descriptions in the text. - Correct Answer-context clues Sounds that can be held for several seconds without distortion - Correct Answer-continuous sounds Sequences for how information is selected, sequenced, organized, and practiced. These occur within each component pg. 1 professoraxe l of reading where a logical progression of skills would be evident: easier skills are introduced before more difficult skills, so that skills build progressively. - Correct Answer- Coordinated Instructional Sequences Instruction that builds upon previously learned concepts. - Correct Answer-Cumulative Instruction Text in which a high proportion of words comprise sound- symbol relationships that have already been taught. - Correct Answer-Decodable Text These words contain phonic elements that were previously taught. - Correct Answer-Decodable Words A prefix or suffix added to a root or base to form another word (e.g., -un in unhappy , -ness in likeness). - Correct Answer-Derivational affix The matching instruction that can meet the different needs of learners in a given classroom. - Correct Answer-Differentiated Instruction pg. 2 professoraxe l for a target word. Students push a marker into one box as they segment each sound in the word. - Correct Answer- Elkonin Boxes The skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading and writing. - Correct Answer-Emergent Literacy The ability to translate language into print (writing) is ____________. - Correct Answer-Encoding (Remember prefix en- means "put into", you are putting sounds into print). Students whose first language is not English and who are in the process of learning English. - Correct Answer-English Language Learner The origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning is called ________________. - Correct Answer- Etymology pg. 5 professoraxe l This type of instruction is step-by-step, and the actions of the teacher are clear, specific, direct, and related to the learning objective. - Correct Answer-Explicit Instruction (Remember, explicit means something is "expressed clearly") Reports factual information (also referred to as informational text) and the relationships among ideas. This type of text tends to be more difficult for students than narrative text because of the density of long, difficult, and unknown words or word parts. - Correct Answer-Expository text (Remember, Expository is writing that seeks to EXplain and Inform) Language that is spoken. - Correct Answer-Expressive Language Language that departs from its literal meaning (e.g., The snow sparkled like diamonds; That child is a handful.). - Correct Answer-Figurative meanings pg. 6 professoraxe l What are the 5 components of Reading? - Correct Answer- Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Grouping students according to shared instructional needs and abilities and regrouping as their instructional needs change. Group size and allocated instructional time may vary among groups. - Correct Answer-Flexible grouping Words of one syllable, ending in "f", "l", "z" or "s" - after one vowel is called the ______________ ______________. - Correct Answer-Floss/ SAMMY Rule The ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression and comprehension. - Correct Answer-Fluency Follows a prescribed format for administration and scoring. Scores obtained from these types of tests are standardized, meaning that interpretation is based on norms from a comparative sample of children. - Correct Answer-Formal Assessments pg. 7 professoraxe l Words in print containing letters that stray from the most common sound pronunciation because they do not follow common phonic patterns (e.g., were, was, laugh, been). - Correct Answer-High Frequency Irregular Words (These are "red words" or "heart words") A small group of words (300-500) that account for a large percentage of the words in print and can be regular or irregular words (i.e., Dolch or Fry). Often, they are referred to as "sight words" since automatic recognition of these words is required for fluent reading. - Correct Answer-High Frequency Words Words that are spelled the same but have different origins and meanings. They may or may not be pronounced the same (e.g., can as in a metal container/can as in able to). - Correct Answer-Homograph -same spelling, different meaning and may have a different pronunciation pg. 10 professoraxe l (Remember- Homographs are always spelled the same, so remember the ending "-graph," which is a Greek root meaning "writing.") "When the teacher WRITES with a pencil, she needs LEAD to LEAD instruction" Lead= graphite Lead=guide Words that sound the same but are spelled differently (e.g., cents/sense, knight/night). - Correct Answer-Homonym -Multiple Meaning Words- "nym" means name Remember the sentence "Hello, my name is Amber, I came to buy Amber. Amber= name Amber=fossilized resin pg. 11 professoraxe l Words that may or may not be spelled alike but are pronounced the same. These words are of different origins and have different meanings (e.g., ate and eight; scale as in the covering of a fish; and scale as in a device used to weigh things) - Correct Answer-Homophone (Homophones always sound alike, so remember the ending "- phone," which is a Greek root meaning "sound.") Remember the sentence "I am on the PHONE, can you HEAR me in HERE?" Hear- listen Here- location A phrase or expression that differs from the literal meaning of the words; a regional or individual expression with a unique meaning (e.g., it's raining cats and dogs). - Correct Answer- idiom (If you say something beyond literal meaning, you may sound like an Idiot (idiom).) pg. 12 professoraxe l Does not follow prescribed rules for administration and scoring and has not undergone technical scrutiny for reliability and validity. Teacher-made tests, end-of-unit tests, and running records are all examples of This. - Correct Answer- Informal Assessments (Remember, Informal means having a relaxed, friendly, or unofficial) Non-fiction books that contain facts and information. - Correct Answer-Informational/Expository Text (Remember Non-Fiction books are Informational and full of Explanations) The level at which a reader can read text with 90% accuracy (i.e., no more than one error per 10 words read). This level engages the student in challenging, but manageable text. - Correct Answer-Instructional reading level (Remember 90%) pg. 15 professoraxe l These routines include the following sequence of steps: Explicit instruction Modeling Guided practice Student practice, application, and feedback Generalization - Correct Answer-Instructional Routines This is provided only to students who are lagging behind their classmates in the development of critical reading skills. - Correct Answer-Intervention Instruction Provides content for instruction that is intended for flexible use as part of differentiated instruction and/or more intensive instruction to meet student learning needs in one or more of the specific areas of reading (phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension). - Correct Answer-Intervention Program An attempt to spell a word based on a student's knowledge of the spelling system and how it works (e.g., kt for cat). - Correct Answer-Invented Spelling pg. 16 professoraxe l A disorder that may affect the comprehension and use of spoken or written language as well as nonverbal language, such as eye contact and tone of speech, in both adults and children. - Correct Answer-Language Learning Disability The matching of an oral sound to its corresponding letter or group of letters. - Correct Answer-Letter-sound correspondence The words needed to understand what is heard. - Correct Answer-Listening vocabulary A reader cannot understand a text without knowing what most of the words mean. This concept includes reading, writing, and the creative and analytical acts involved in producing and comprehending texts. - Correct Answer-Literacy Understanding of the basic facts that the student has read. - Correct Answer-Comprehension pg. 17 professoraxe l (Remember the sentence "He cut a rug when he TAP danced" - meTAPhor) This approach uses visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile cues simultaneously to enhance memory and learning. Links are consistently made between the visual (what we see), auditory (what we hear), and kinesthetic-tactile (what we feel) pathways in learning to read and spell. - Correct Answer- Multisensory Structured Language Education ______________ is the rate at which a child can recite "overlearned" stimuli such as letters and single-digit numbers. (May be connected to executive functioning or processing speed) - Correct Answer-Naming Speed A story about fictional or real events. - Correct Answer- Narrative Text (Remember: The main purpose of a narrative is to entertain, think of the NARRATOR in a Fairy Tale) pg. 20 professoraxe l Vowels that are pronounced differently from the expected pronunciation (e.g., the "o" in old is pronounced /ō/ instead of the expected /o/. - Correct Answer-oddities (odd, think different) A part of the word that is the initial consonant sound, blend, or digraph in a single syllable word or syllable. - Correct Answer-Onset A part of the word that is the first vowel phoneme followed by all the other phonemes (at in rat; esh in fresh). - Correct Answer-Rime In segmentation in the word swift, sw is the _________ and ift is the _________. - Correct Answer-onset, rime What are the five components of oral language? - Correct Answer-phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. (Remember: Oral Language gives me bad P.P.M.S.S.) ha ha pg. 21 professoraxe l A child with these difficulties may exhibit poor vocabulary, listening comprehension, or grammatical abilities for his or her age. - Correct Answer-Oral language difficulties This is the understanding that the sounds in a language are represented by written or printed symbols. - Correct Answer- Orthographic knowledge ortho=correct graphy=process of writing or recording This is the ability to identify words by sight (i.e., sight words) allowing instant recognition. This is required for effortless, accurate, and fluent reading. /b/ /e/ /d/ - bed - Correct Answer-Orthographic Mapping The conventional spelling and writing system of a language. - Correct Answer-Orthography ortho=correct graphy=process of writing or recording pg. 22 professoraxe l The smallest units of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of a word is called a ________________. - Correct Answer-phoneme In this activity, children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word. (Teacher: What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park? Children: spark.) - Correct Answer-Phoneme Addition In this activity, children learn to listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and then combine the phonemes to form a word. (Teacher: What word is /b/ /i/ /g/? Children: /b/ /i/ /g/ is big. - Correct Answer-Phoneme Blending In this activity, children recognize the word in a set of three or four words that has the "odd" sound. (Teacher: Which word doesn't belong? bun, bus, rug. Children: Rug does not belong. It doesn't begin with a /b/.) - Correct Answer-Phoneme Categorization In this activity, children learn to recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from another word. pg. 25 professoraxe l (Teacher: What is smile without the /s/? Children: Smile without the /s/ is mile.) - Correct Answer-Phoneme Deletion In this activity, children learn to recognize the same sounds in different words. (Teacher: What sound is the same in fix, fall, and fun? Children: The first sound, /f/, is the same.) - Correct Answer-Phoneme Identity In this activity, children learn to recognize and identify individual sounds in a word. (Teacher: What is the first sound in van? Children: The first sound in van is /v/.) - Correct Answer-Phoneme Isolation In this activity, children break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as they tap out or count it. (Teacher: How many sounds are in grab? Children: /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. Four sounds.) - Correct Answer-Phoneme Segmentation In this activity, children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word. (Teacher: The word is bug. Change /g/ to /n/. What's the new word? Children: bun.) - Correct Answer- Phoneme Substitution pg. 26 professoraxe l Adding, deleting, and substituting sounds in words (e.g., add /b/ to oat to make boat; delete /p/ in pat to make at; substitute /o/ for /a/ in pat to make pot). - Correct Answer- Phoneme Manipulation the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words. An example of how beginning readers show us they have phonemic awareness is combining or blending the separate sounds of a word to say the word ("/c/ /a/ /t/ - cat.") - Correct Answer-Phonemic Awareness A method for teaching reading by applying the systematic, predicatable relationship between written letters and spoken sounds (the alphabetic principle). - Correct Answer-Phonics (phon= sound, ics= to speak tell or say) The most effective way to teach phonics. A program is this if the plan of instruction includes a carefully selected set of letter-sound relationships that are organized into a logical sequence. - Correct Answer-Systematic and explicit phonics instruction pg. 27 professoraxe l This is a multiple-strategy instructional approach for teaching comprehension skills to students. Teachers teach students four strategies: asking questions about the text they are reading; summarizing parts of the text; clarifying words and sentences they don't understand; and predicting what might occur next in the text. - Correct Answer-Reciprocal Teaching (Keywords- Predict, Question, Clarify, Summarize) Any word in which each letter represents its respective, most common sound (e.g., sat, fantastic). - Correct Answer-Regular Words Recalling the content of what was read or heard. - Correct Answer-Retelling A part of writing and preparing presentations concerned chiefly with a reconsideration and reworking of the content of a text relative to task, purpose, and audience; compared to editing, a larger-scale activity often associated with the overall content and structure of a text; - Correct Answer-Revising pg. 30 professoraxe l (Keyword: reworking) A part of writing and preparing presentations that involves largely or wholly replacing a previous, unsatisfactory effort with a new effort, better aligned to task, purpose, and audience, on the same or a similar topic or theme; compared to revising, a larger-scale activity more akin to replacement than refinement; - Correct Answer-Rewriting Words that have the same ending sound. - Correct Answer- Rhyming A bound morpheme, usually of Latin origin, that cannot stand alone but is used to form a family of words with related meanings. Example: -able, -s, non- - Correct Answer-Root Refers to the support that is given to students in order for them to arrive at the correct answer. This support may occur as immediate, specific feedback that a teacher offers during student practice. For instance, the assistance the teacher offers may include giving encouragement or cues, breaking the problem down into smaller steps, using a graphic organizer, or providing an example. - Correct Answer- Scaffolding pg. 31 professoraxe l (Keyword- support) Refers to prior knowledge, the knowledge and experience that readers bring to the text. - Correct Answer-Schema (Remember this sentence, If you have never been SKIing before, your SCHEma on the subject will be limited.) The vowel sound sometimes heard in an unstressed syllable and is most often sounded as /uh/ or as the short /u/ sound as in cup. - Correct Answer-Schwa (Examples: Again, parrOt, thE, bacOn) A "roadmap" or "blueprint" for teachers that provides an overall picture of an instructional program and includes the range of teaching content and the order in which it is taught. - Correct Answer-Scope and Sequence Separating the individual phonemes, or sounds, of a word into discrete units. - Correct Answer-Segmenting pg. 32 professoraxe l A strategy used to unlock the plot and important elements of a story. These elements can be represented visually through various graphic organizers showing the beginning, middle, and end of a story. Answering the questions of who, where, when, what, and how or why, and listing the main events is also part of this. - Correct Answer-Story Maps The way a reader sees the way the content and events of a story are organized into a plot. Students learn to identify the categories of content (setting, characters, initiating events, internal reactions, goals, attempts, and outcomes) and how this content is organized into a plot. Often students recognize the way the story is organized by developing a story map. This strategy improves students' comprehension and memory of story content and meaning. - Correct Answer-Story Structure These types of learners make predictions, organize information, and interact with the text. They think about what they are reading in terms of what they already know. They monitor their comprehension by employing strategies that facilitate their understanding. - Correct Answer-Strategic Learner pg. 35 professoraxe l A procedure for teaching students to read words formed with prefixes, suffixes, or other meaningful word parts. - Correct Answer-Structural Analysis (Analyzing the structure of words) An affix attached to the end of a base, root, or stem that changes the meaning or grammatical function of the word, as "en" in oxen. - Correct Answer-Suffix Reducing large selections of text to their bare essentials: the gist, the key ideas, the main points that are worth noting and remembering. - Correct Answer-Summarize A unit of pronunciation or word part that contains only one vowel sound (e-vent, news-pa-per). - Correct Answer-syllable What type of Syllable is this? cat, cobweb - Correct Answer- Closed What type of Syllable is this? he, silo - Correct Answer-open pg. 36 professoraxe l What type of Syllable is this? like, milestone - Correct Answer- Vowel Consonant E, Magic E What type of Syllable is this? roam, meat, rain - Correct Answer-Vowel Team What type of Syllable is this? candle, juggle - Correct Answer- Consonant-l-e What type of Syllable is this? firm, star - Correct Answer-R controlled The act of breaking words into syllables. - Correct Answer- Syllabication Words that have similar meanings. - Correct Answer-Synonym Phrase and sentence structure (grammar). - Correct Answer- Syntax (Think of the way Yoda talks, it's a SIN (SYNtax) because it's wrong.) pg. 37 professoraxe l Two vowels together that represent one phoneme, or sound (e.g., ea, ai, oa). - Correct Answer-Vowel Diagraph, Vowel Pair or Vowel Team These are words from other languages that are the origin of many English words. About 60 percent of all English words have Latin or Greek origins. - Correct Answer-Word Roots The act of deliberately investigating words (e.g., vocabulary- building exercises, word-identification practice, and spelling). - Correct Answer-Word Study Word parts that are "fixed to" either the beginnings of words (prefixes) or the endings of words (suffixes). The word disrespectful has two of these, a prefix (dis-) and a suffix (-ful). - Correct Answer-Affix This term refers to the words a person knows when seeing them in print. - Correct Answer-Reading Vocabulary pg. 40 professoraxe l The understanding that spoken words are made up of sounds that can be represented by letters in print. - Correct Answer- Alphabetic Principle This is a general term that refers to any skilled and complex behavior that can be performed rather easily with little attention, effort, or conscious awareness. These skills become automatic after extended periods of training. - Correct Answer-Automaticity (Keyword- Automatic) Forming connections between the text and the information and experiences of the reader also known as schema) - Correct Answer-Background Knowledge These are words from which many other words are formed. For example, many words can be formed from migrate: migration, migrant, immigration, immigrant, migrating, migratory. - Correct Answer-Base Word pg. 41 professoraxe l The repetition of the initial phoneme of each word in connected text (e.g., Harry the happy hippo hula-hoops with Henrietta). - Correct Answer-Alliteration (ALL the beginning sounds are the same-ALLiteration) A system for categorizing levels of abstraction of questions that commonly occur in educational settings. Includes the following competencies: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation - Correct Answer-Bloom's Taxonomy (Remember A. C.A.K.E.S) Application Comprehension Analysis Knowledge Evaluation Synthesis pg. 42 professoraxe l -Vowel y, keep the y - pray+ed = prayed -consonant-y- hurry + ed = hurried -unless the suffix begins with i (which would create a double i)- Ex. fly+ing = flying This is when an Instructor provides one question. Student must provide the answer from memory. - Correct Answer- Recall Which part of speech would these suffixes commonly go with? -er, -est, -ful, -ish, -ous, -able, -ible - Correct Answer-Adjective (Adjectives usually ask: What kind? Which one? How Many?) Which part of speech would these suffixes commonly go with? -ly - Correct Answer-Adverb (Adverbs usually ask How often? When? Where? How? How much?) pg. 45 professoraxe l Which part of speech would these suffixes commonly go with? -er, -hood, ness, -or, -ist, -ment, -ity - Correct Answer-Noun (A Person, Place or Thing) A type of suffix that creates a new word; the new word is derived from the base word, e.g., adding -er to the word teach creates a new word teacher. - Correct Answer-Derivational Suffix What happens in the pre-reading phase of Chall's Stages of Reading Development? - Correct Answer-Oral Language Development Which stage of Spelling Development do children use symbols from the alphabet but shows no knowledge of letter-sound correspondences. They may also lack knowledge of the entire alphabet, the distinction between upper- and lower-case letters, and the left-to-right direction of English orthography. - Correct Answer-Precommunicative stage (Remember it's Pre-(before) because they lack knowledge of the entire alphabet) pg. 46 professoraxe l Which part of speech would these suffixes commonly go with? -ed, -ing, -en, -fy, -ate (pronounced /a te/), -ize - Correct ̄ Answer-Verb (Verbs describe an action or occurrence) Which stage of Spelling Development do children use a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a word. Although some of their choices do not conform to conventional English spelling, they are systematic and easily understood. Examples are KOM for come and EN for in. - Correct Answer-Phonetic stage (Remember- They are at the age of Understanding Phonics) In this stage of Spelling Development, The speller begins to assimilate the conventional alternative for representing sounds, moving from a dependence on phonology (sound) for representing words to a reliance on visual representation and an understanding of the structure of words. Some examples are EGUL for eagle and HIGHEKED for hiked. - Correct Answer- Transitional stage pg. 47 professoraxe l Which manner of Articulation is: Sound glides into another phoneme, making it hard not to add the schwa onto the end /yu/, /wu/ ? e.x. /y/ /w/ - Correct Answer-Glides (Remember the sentence: You're /y/ gliding where /w/?) Which manner of articulation begins as a stop but releases as a fricative. ex. /ch/ /j/ - Correct Answer-Affricates Remember the sentence: Africa (Affricates) is known for Giraffes/j/, CHimpanzees /ch/ and Jakals /j/. Which manner of Articulation is: Tongue causes partial closure of the mouth. Push of air can cause liquid to move throughout the mouth? ex. /l/ /r/ - Correct Answer-liquids (Remember the /l/ in liquid is a liquid sound.) This Text genre gives instructions on how to do something. - Correct Answer-procedural pg. 50 professoraxe l This Text genre Encourages someone to do something. - Correct Answer-Hortatory (from the word exhort= strongly encourage or urge) This text genre List the characteristics of something. - Correct Answer-Descriptive Text ___________________ ____________ is a broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language - parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. ... __________________ ____________ refers to the specific ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words. - Correct Answer-Phonological Awareness, Phonemic awareness This refers to the degree to which scores from a particular test are consistent from one use of the test to the next. - Correct Answer-reliability (Keyword- Is it reliable? Do you get STABLE and CONSISTENT results?) pg. 51 professoraxe l This refers to the degree to which a test score can be interpreted and used for its intended purpose - Correct Answer-validity (Keyword- how well it measures what it is meant to measure) Able to identify a word , and identify a letter are what concept? - Correct Answer-Concept of Print These are given to all students at the beginning of the school year to determine which students are at risk of struggling with reading. They are not used to diagnose specific skill gaps; rather, they help to identify children who need diagnostic assessments, as well as children who may require supplemental intervention. - Correct Answer-Screening Assessments (Key Word- Screen Students at the beginning of the year to see if they need intervention) These are used to assess specific skills or components of reading such as phonemic awareness, phonics skills, and pg. 52 professoraxe l For instance, many CBMs could be given on a weekly basis if desired. - Correct Answer-Progress Monitoring Assessments The way in which an assessment is administered to students is especially important for standardized assessments. - Correct Answer-Standardized Administration (Keyword- to make sure tests are administered in a standardized way.) These are examples of ____________. -Putting text materials on tape; -Using spelling or vocabulary lists at readiness levels of students; -Presenting ideas through both auditory and visual means; -Using reading buddies -Meeting with small groups to re-teach an idea or skill for struggling learners, or to extend the thinking or skills of advanced learners. - Correct Answer-Differentiating Content Which Tier Does this explain? Teachers use scientifically based methods that are proven to work. Teachers do their best to give the kids teaching that fits their skill levels and how they pg. 55 professoraxe l learn best. However, there's not always time to give kids individual attention. Students complete benchmark testing at the beginning, middle and end of academic year. - Correct Answer-Tier 1, Whole Class Instruction Which Tier Does this explain? Small group lessons (30 minutes) two to three times a week usually by a general education teacher or tutor. It's important to know that kids who are in this tier still take part in regular lessons with the rest of the class. If they're progressing, they may receive gradually less support. These usually last 8-15 weeks. - Correct Answer-Tier 2, Small Group Interventions This is the most intense level of RTI usually 60 - 120 minutes daily. This support is normally given by a special education tutor, or content specialist. This can mean small group work (1-3 students) or it can mean individual instruction. Progress monitoring is weekly. These interventions usually last a minimum of 20 weeks. - Correct Answer-Tier 3, Intensive Interventions Mode of organizing knowledge, ideas or experience that is rooted in language and its concrete context. The organization of words through speech or written expression (usually refers pg. 56 professoraxe l to a story or conversation) - Correct Answer-Discourse Organization This Describes a topic (academic, factual, informational) - Correct Answer-Expository Discourse (Think EXplain) Students without _______________ skills normally have difficulty decoding words. - Correct Answer-phonology Students without __________ skills may have difficulty spelling words. - Correct Answer-orthography _____________ skills are beneficial to learners in vocabulary building and spelling. - Correct Answer-Morphology Students without knowledge of _______________ may have difficulty with vocabulary knowledge with also effects comprehension. - Correct Answer-Semantics pg. 57 professoraxe l based error; the child has incorrectly sequenced the sounds in the word. Which kind of Spelling error is this ? Intended word: shirt; child's spelling: shert. - Correct Answer-This is an orthographic pattern error. The child has produced a phonologically acceptable spelling of the word, but not the correct spelling. There is no "rule" for using ir rather than er in shirt; the child just has to have enough familiarity with the printed word to know that shirt is spelled with an ir not an er. Which kind of Spelling error is this ? Intended word: stuff; child's spelling: stuf. - Correct Answer-This error reflects lack of knowledge of a spelling generalization, the "floss" rule, that the f at the end of this word needs to be doubled. Which kind of Spelling error is this ? Intended word: sliding; child's spelling: slideing. - Correct Answer-This is an error related to a spelling generalization, that when adding -ing to a silent e base word, the e should be dropped. Which kind of Spelling error is this ? Intended word: slapped; child's spelling: slapt. - Correct Answer-This is a morphemic pg. 60 professoraxe l error. Although the word sounds like it ends with /t/, the child must recognize that -ed is used to spell past tense. Which kind of Spelling error is this ? Intended word: psychic; child's spelling: pyskic. - Correct Answer-This is a morphemic error that reflects confusion about the correct spelling of the morpheme psych. Which kind of Spelling error is this ? Intended word: two (as in "two cats"). Child's spelling: too ("too cats"). - Correct Answer-This is a semantically-based error, a confusion of when to use the spelling two (a number) vs. too(meaning "also"). Which kind of Spelling error is this ? Intended word: except (as in "except for ..."). Child's spelling: accept ("accept for .."). - Correct Answer-This is a semantically-based confusion between two different words, accept and except, that sound similar but have different meanings and spellings. What are some conditions in which children are at risk for reading difficulties (Group Risk Factors) ? - Correct Answer-- They are expected to attend schools in which achievement is chronically low pg. 61 professoraxe l -They reside in low-income families and live in poor neighborhoods -They have limited proficiency in spoken English -They speak a dialect of English that differs substantially from the one used in school What are some conditions in which children are at risk for reading difficulties (Individual Risk Factors) ? - Correct Answer--They are children of parents with histories of reading difficulty. -They have acquired less knowledge and skill pertaining to literacy during the preschool years, either through lack of appropriate home literacy experiences and/or as a result of some inherent cognitive limitations -They lack age-appropriate skills in literacy-related cognitive- linguistic processing, especially phonological awareness, confrontational naming, sentence/story recall, and general language ability -They have been diagnosed as having specific early language impairment, a hearing impairment, or a primary medical diagnosis with which reading problems tend to occur as a secondary symptom pg. 62 professoraxe l Which Language of origin is described in the following words? hypnosis, agnostic, neuropsychology, decathalon, catatonic, agoraphobia, chlorophyll, physiognomy - Correct Answer- Greek What percentage of the English Language is derived from Latin, French or Greek origin? - Correct Answer-About 70% of the words derive from Latin, French, or Greek. What percentage of the English Language is derived from German origin? - Correct Answer-About 22% from German origin. How could knowing the following information be helpful to students? The words bat, battle, battalion, combat, combatant, combative, battering ram and debate contain the root -bat- meaning 'to beat. - Correct Answer-Approaching these related words through their shared root offers a way to decode, encode, and decipher meanings. What is the name of a prefix (often nicknamed chameleon) where, for ease of pronunciation, the final letter changes according to the initial letter of the base to which it is attached (e.g., ad- changes to ar- before range to make pg. 65 professoraxe l arrange; in- changes to im- before pact to make impact) - Correct Answer-Assimilated Prefix What is the name for a free morpheme; word with no prefixes and suffixes (e.g., -port-, -kind-) ? - Correct Answer-Base Word or Root Word What is the term often used to describe Greek-based morphemes (rather than specifying whether they are roots or affixes) (e.g., -phon-, -crac-/-crat-, -bio-) ? - Correct Answer- Combining Form also called element What is the term for letter(s) in English words used to combine two morphemes; connectives function as "glue" and are not morphemes themselves? - Correct Answer-connective Which connective describes this? Connects a root to a suffix or two suffixes to each other (e.g., media, gradient, regular). three common connectives: -i-, -u-, and -ul-. - Correct Answer- Latin-Based Connectives pg. 66 professoraxe l Which connective describes this? Connective -o- often joins two combining forms or elements (e.g., photograph, democracy) - Correct Answer-Greek-Based Connective Which part of speech uses this final stable syllable? -ist (dentist, florist) - Correct Answer-noun (people noun) Which part of speech uses this final stable syllable?-ment (investment, argument) - Correct Answer-noun Which part of speech uses this final stable syllable? -or (instructor, tutor) - Correct Answer-noun (people noun) Which part of speech uses this final stable syllable? -ture (nature, adventure) - Correct Answer-noun Which part of speech uses this final stable syllable? -ize (utilize, systematize) - Correct Answer-verb Which part of speech uses this final stable syllable? -ive (talkative, active) - Correct Answer-adjective pg. 67 professoraxe l Count the morphemes in the word disruptive. - Correct Answer-dis + rupt + ive (3) Count the morphemes in the word structurally. - Correct Answer-struct + ure + al + ly (4) Count the morphemes in the word connectivity. - Correct Answer-con + nect + ive + ity (4) Count the morphemes in the word hypothermia. - Correct Answer-hypo + therm + ia (3) The process of hearing a sound and being able to write a symbol to represent that sound. - Correct Answer-Encoding This term involves seeing a written symbol and being able to say what sound it represents. - Correct Answer-Decoding What are the 5 components of Language Comprehension on Scarborough's Reading Rope? - Correct Answer-Background Knowledge, Vocabulary, language Structures, Verbal Reasoning and Literacy Knowledge pg. 70 professoraxe l What are the 3 components of Word Recognition on Scarborough's Reading Rope? - Correct Answer-Phonological Awareness, Decoding and Sight Recognition A group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. Ex. I went to the store and bought groceries. - Correct Answer-Independent Clause (It's independent, you won't need any help understanding what it means.) A group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. Ex. I went to the... - Correct Answer-Dependent Clause (It's dependent, it's contingent upon finishing the rest of the thought) This is a term for a sentence with an independent clause with no conjunction or dependent clause. - Correct Answer-Simple Sentence pg. 71 professoraxe l This is a term for a sentence with two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., and, but, or, for, nor, yet, so). - Correct Answer-Compound Sentence This is a term for a sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. - Correct Answer- Complex Sentence This term includes not only the mechanical and visual perceptual processes of graphics and handwriting, but also the acquisition of language, learned spelling and phonology. - Correct Answer-Graphomotor Skills This term involves the ability or capacity to accurately interpret or give meaning to what is seen (skill required for handwriting) - Correct Answer-Visual-perceptual skills: Morphology studies the structure of sentences, True or False? - Correct Answer-False, Morphology is the studies the structure of words, Syntax studies the structure of sentences. pg. 72 professoraxe l This side of the brain of this area is responsible for mapping phonetic sounds to the corresponding letters. - Correct Answer-The Left side of the Brain (Remember the sentence: The phonetic sounds LEFT and went to the corresponding letters). This side of the brain functions as the visual word-form area it helps in word-form memory. - Correct Answer-The right side of the brain. (Remember the sentence: Your word form is RIGHT!) When determining the Reading difficulty, and skill gaps... Students who have good or adequate language comprehension and good or adequate decoding are - Correct Answer-Most likely at or above grade level in reading. When determining the Reading difficulty, and skill gaps... What is the profile of Students who have good language comprehension but poor word recognition/decoding skills? - Correct Answer-This profile is termed specific word recognition difficulties (SWRD), because the child's reading pg. 75 professoraxe l problems are specific to word recognition, not language comprehension. When determining the Reading difficulty, and skill gaps... What is the profile of Students who have poor language comprehension but good word recognition/decoding skills? - Correct Answer-This profile is called specific comprehension difficulties (SCD), because the child's reading problems are specific to comprehension and do not involve reading words. When determining the Reading difficulty, and skill gaps... What is the profile of Students who have weaknesses in both language comprehension and word recognition/decoding skills? - Correct Answer-This profile is often called mixed reading difficulties (MRD), because the reading problems include both word recognition and comprehension. Students with good language comprehension but poor word recognition (SWRD), typically need what kind of intervention? - Correct Answer-Phonics intervention. For most of these children, effective phonics intervention, if accompanied by adequate levels of fluency, should enable children to achieve grade-appropriate reading comprehension pg. 76 professoraxe l Students with poor language comprehension but good word recognition and decoding (SCD), need what type of intervention? - Correct Answer-They require comprehension interventions that address their specific needs in the domain of comprehension (e.g., vocabulary, background knowledge, inferencing). Students with weaknesses in both language comprehension and word recognition/decoding (MRD), require what type of intervention? - Correct Answer-They will need both phonics intervention and intervention addressing their specific comprehension needs. According to Scarborough's Reading Rope, what are 5 the components to Language Comprehension? - Correct Answer- Language Comprehension-Background Knowledge, Vocabulary, Language Structure, Verbal Reasoning, Literacy Knowledge (Here is a mnemonic sentence, If you take the first Letter of each component, Language Comprehension Brings Kids Valuable Lessons Since Vulnerable Readers Lack Knowledge) pg. 77 professoraxe l (Remember you go to the DMV (Developing Multiple Viewpoints) in your High School Years). When Remembering Chall's Stages of Reading, which stage do you gain phonemic awareness and focus on letter sound relationships? - Correct Answer-The Read and Decode Phase which takes place in 1st/2nd grade. (Remember: Obviously Reading and Decoding are taught in the 1st and 2nd grade timeframe). When Remembering Chall's Stages of Reading, which phase do you start to read for learning, instead of learning to read? - Correct Answer-The Read for Learning, which usually occurs in 4th to 8th grade. Students are using their reading skills in other subject areas such as science, math, history and geography. (Remember- 4th-8th grade they are using reading for 4 (4th) other subject areas- science, math, history and geography) pg. 80 professoraxe l When Remembering Chall's Stages of Reading, which phase do you become fluent at recognizing words, and that print is associated with familiar stories? - Correct Answer-The Fluency Stage which usually occurs in 2nd/3rd grade. (Remember- FLU-ency and two (2nd grade) rhyme.) What are the 5 Stages of Spelling Development? - Correct Answer-Pre-Communicative, Semi-phonetic, Phonetic, Transitional, Correct According to Nancy Young's Reading Ladder, what percentage of students are advantaged by the Structured Literacy Approach? - Correct Answer-40% According to Nancy Young's Reading Ladder, what percentage of students is it essential to be taught by the Structured Literacy Approach? - Correct Answer-60% What are the 4 areas in which teachers can differentiate instruction? - Correct Answer-Content, Process, Products and Learning Environment. pg. 81 professoraxe l What is the 10th disability type (in which Dyslexia falls under)? - Correct Answer-Specific Learning Disability (SLD) What is a federal law that sets specific standards for the education of those with special needs? - Correct Answer-The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Why should you use nonsense words or syllables during the Vowel Intensive? - Correct Answer-Because they don't have phonemic awareness which is needed when reading multisyllabic words. Language that is spoken or written is ____________ language. - Correct Answer-Expressive Language. (You express yourself when you speak or write) Language that is heard or read is ________________language. - Correct Answer-Receptive Language. (When you hear or read, you are receiving information) pg. 82 professoraxe l Magic e makes the preceding vowel long. True or False? - Correct Answer-True English word ends in v and do not need a silent e. True or False? - Correct Answer-False. No English word ends in v, it always has to have a silent e. x says /x/ true or false? - Correct Answer-False, x says /ks/ No English word ends with j, true or false? - Correct Answer- True! The National Assessment of Educational Progress consistently finds that about ________% of all fourth graders read at a level described as "below basic," - Correct Answer-31% What are the (5) language processing requirements of proficient reading and writing? - Correct Answer-Phonological, Orthographic, Semantic, Syntactic, Discourse. When teaching struggling High School and Middle School students, what is one of the main things you must consider? - Correct Answer-Motivation. pg. 85 professoraxe l *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI You go to make copies of a workbook and notice a copyright at the bottom of the page, what should you do? a. make the copies anyway b. ask the school to buy workbooks for the entire class c. re-type the worksheet and copy it d. none of the above - Correct Answer-b. ask the school to buy workbooks for the entire class *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI You have a struggling reader that you have been seeing for a while. The parents have found a new auditory tutoring method they want you to try with the student. Ethically, what should you do? a. research the method and give it a try b. inform the parents that the method will not help their son pg. 86 professoraxe l c. try the new method to appease them d. integrate is with the current methods you are using - Correct Answer-b. inform the parents that the method will not help their son *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI Which scores would be the characteristics of a student who is dyslexic? (mean score 100) a. oral language comprehension 91, decoding 89 b. oral language comprehension 94, Spelling 61 c. spelling 85, Oral Language Comprehension 80 d. Decoding 90, Oral Language Comprehension 72 - Correct Answer-b. Oral Language Comprehension 94, Spelling 61 *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI A group of Students is having problems with the following passage: pg. 87 professoraxe l c. Anglo-Saxon d. French - Correct Answer-c. Anglo-Saxon *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI What type of spelling error would this be: calerfol / colorful? a. orthographic b. phonological c. morphological d. animated - Correct Answer-b. phonological Great resource: https://www.region10.org/r10website/assets/File/Beyond %20Standardized%20Test%20Scores%20Handout%20Louisa %20Moats.pdf *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI What type of spelling error would this be: equilise / equalize? pg. 90 professoraxe l a. orthographic b. phonological c. morphological d. animated - Correct Answer-c. morphological error Great resource: https://www.region10.org/r10website/assets/File/Beyond %20Standardized%20Test%20Scores%20Handout%20Louisa %20Moats.pdf *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI Kevin knows his multiplication facts, but he "freezes up", he has trouble Making decisions and picking up on social cues, Writing is always hard for him, but it's even harder when his classmates keep saying "Hurry up!" What does Kevin display characteristics of? a. ADHD b. Dyphraxia c. Dyslexia pg. 91 professoraxe l d. Slow Processing Speed - Correct Answer-d. Slow Processing Speed *There was a very similar question on my KPEERI Which spelling rule would go with these words? hoping, whales, glided a. dropping rule b. Magic e rule c. changing rule d. doubling rule - Correct Answer-a. dropping rule There was a very similar question on my KPEERI, make sure you are familiar with all the spelling rules! How many different syllable patterns are used in the following words? How many ways is the /k/ sound spelled in the same list of words: sky, bake, click, took, ask, buckle, break, like, check, syllable patterns used/ ways to spell /k/ sounds pg. 92 professoraxe l